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Ma Bo, commonly known as cow dung mushroom or horseshoe bag. It belongs to the basidiomycete puffball family. When tender, it is white and spherical like a mushroom, but it is larger, delicious and edible, and tender as tofu. The old man is brown and soft, and there is dust flying out of it, which is like a sponge.
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Basic information
English name: lasiophaera SEU Calva Tia
Mabo-Chinese herbal medicine
Alias: horse dung bag, horse scab (not recorded), donkey-sucking mushroom (Tao Hongjing), horse scab seedling (Shu Bencao), grey mushroom (good experience and strength), donkey-sucking bag (pocket formula), cow dung mushroom (outline) and grey mushroom (Chinese medicine form).
Source: dried fruiting body of puffball, puffball or purple puffball, a puffball fungus belonging to Amphibia of Basidiomycetes.
Origin: It is produced in most parts of the country.
Harvesting: Harvesting in time when the fruiting body is mature in summer and autumn, removing sediment and drying.
Medicinal material characters
Pimabu
Morphology: oblate or spherical, without aseptic base, with a diameter of 15~20cm.
Coating: taupe to yellowish brown, papery, often broken into pieces or completely detached.
Sporophyte: grayish brown or light brown, dense and elastic, torn by hand, with grayish brown cotton wadding filaments inside. When touched, the spores fly away like dust, and the hand twist has a delicate feeling.
Smell: gas is like dust and tasteless.
Damabo
Features: the sterile base is small or absent, and the residual quilt is composed of yellowish brown membranous outer quilt and thick grayish yellow inner quilt, which is smooth, hard and brittle and falls off in pieces; The sporophyte is light blue-brown and feels smooth when twisted by hand.
Purple puffball
Characteristics: it is gyro-shaped or oblate, with a diameter of 5~ 12cm, and the sterile base is well developed; The coating is thin, with two layers, purplish brown, rough wrinkles, circular depressions and eversion, and the upper part is often cracked into small pieces or has partially fallen off; Spore purple
Nature and taste: pungent, flat and non-toxic.
Ingredients: protein-containing amino acids, casein acid, urea, ergot, lipids, calomel, etc. In addition, it also contains phosphoric acid, sodium, aluminum, magnesium, silicic acid, sulfate and so on.
Function: The dried fruiting body can be used as medicine, with flat nature and pungent taste, and is mainly used as a local hemostatic.
Mabo's photo
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Clearing away lung heat, relieving sore throat, reducing fever, etc.
Attachment: Chronic cough. Ma Bo Finally, honey pills are the biggest. Take 20 tablets and drink white soup every time, and it will be fine. (Puji Fang)
Accumulated heat and vomiting blood. Flattery is the purpose, and sugar pills are as big as marbles. Take half a tablet each time and dissolve it in cold water. (pocket square towel)
Storage: Store in a dry place to prevent dust.
Usage and dosage: 1.5 ~ 6g. Apply proper amount to the affected area.
In the six kingdoms classification, it belongs to the fungi kingdom, coral fungi.
morphological character
Pimabu
Pimabu
The fruiting body is nearly spherical to oblong, with a diameter of 15 ~ 20cm. The coating is thin and easy to disappear. The outer coating is separated from the inner coating in a block shape, and the inner coating is paper-like and light smoke-colored. When it matures, it all disappears, leaving a cluster of spores rolling in the wind. The sporophyte is compact. Elastic, grayish brown, gradually faded to light smoke color, composed of sporophyte and spores; Spore silk is long, branched and twisted, light brown, 2 ~ 4.5 microns thick; Spores are brown, spherical and spiny. The diameter is 4.5 ~ 5 microns. Born on the grass.
Distributed in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and other places.
Da LAN ma bu
The body is spherical or nearly spherical, with a diameter of 15 ~ 20cm or more, without sterile base or very small; The coating is white, and then turns to light yellow or light blue yellow, which consists of a film-like shell and a thick inner layer. At first, it was slightly fluffy, gradually smooth and fragile, and when it matured, it broke into pieces and fell off, revealing light blue-brown spores; Spores are powdery, spherical, smooth or sometimes with small warts, pale blue and yellow, with a diameter of 3.5 ~ 5 microns; Spore filaments are long, the same color as spores, slightly branched, and the diaphragm is sparse, with a thickness of 2.5 ~ 6 microns. Born on the grassland in the wilderness.
Distributed in Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Jiangsu and other places.
Purple puffball
The fruiting body is gyro-shaped, with a diameter of 5 ~ 12 cm, and the sterile base is developed. The coating is thin and has two layers. The upper part often splits into small pieces and gradually falls off, and the inside is purple. When spores and spores are lost, the sterile base is cup-shaped. Spore powder, spherical, 4 ~ 5.5 microns in diameter, with small spines on it; Spore filaments are very long, branched, transversely separated, interwoven, light in color and 2 ~ 5 microns thick. Born on the grass in the wilderness.
Distributed in Hebei, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and other places.
chemical composition
puffball
1. Peeled puffball: The fruiting body contains leucine, tyrosine, urea, ergosterol, lipid, puffball, etc. And 72. 18% of sodium phosphate, 15.66% of aluminum, 2.93% of magnesium, 0.44% of silicic acid and 8.77% of sulfate, wherein the content of sodium phosphate is the highest.
2. puffball: The fat-soluble part of fruiting body contains ergosterol-7,22-diene -3- one, ergosterol-7,22-diene -3- alcohol, β-sitosterol, palmitic acid, peroxidase, coenzyme Q, fatty acid, etc. The total amino acid content was 32.9mg/ 100mg.
3. Lasiosphaera purpurea: The fruiting body contains an antibacterial component, an antifungal component, and an antibacterial component, p-carboxyphenoxycyanogen, and a steroid dimer. In addition, it also contains amino acids and phosphates.
Historical textual research
puffball
Bo's herbal medicine was first recorded in A Bie Lu of Famous Doctors, calling it "Xin Ping-flavored, non-toxic, and mainly used for treating malignant scabs", and its growing environment was "a rotten place in the garden". The earliest description of Ma Bo's medicinal properties was Tao Hongjing of Nanliang. He said in Notes on Materia Medica: "Ma Bo ... is purple and soft, like a dog's lung and the powder of a bullet."
Malabo original factory production, Fuzhu Chuang used very well. "Obviously, there is no doubt that Tao describes the purple Mahler Calvatialilacina. Since then, all previous dynasties' materia medica, such as Thousand Daughters, Newly Revised Materia Medica and Shu Materia Medica, have listed puffball strips, and their characteristics are described as "purple floc" and "purple dust coming out", which accurately describes the characteristics of purple puffball. In the Song Dynasty, the variety of puffball changed. According to "The Romance of Materia Medica", Ma Bo is "as big as a head, as small as a rise", and Ma Bo is cow dung. "Compendium of Materia Medica" also uses cow dung as a synonym for puffball, but according to the records in "The Romance of Materia Medica", cow dung was another variety of puffball that was used as medicine at that time. Judging from the attached drawings in Compendium of Materia Medica and the textual research on plant names and facts, it seems that the former refers to Trichocarpa pubescens or Trichocarpa pubescens, while the latter is a copy of the former.
China Pharmacopoeia (2000 edition * * *) contains puffball, all of which belong to Urticaceae. There are three sources: Mabo, Mabo and Zima.
Chemical identification
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puffball
1) Take the peeled puffball and put it on the flame. Shake it gently and you can see tiny sparks flying. After extinguishing, a lot of white smoke is produced.
(2) Peeled puffball: powder grayish brown. Spore silk is long, light brown, branched and twisted, with a diameter of 2 ~ 4. 5μm, wall thickness. Spores are brown, spherical and 4 in diameter. 5 ~ 5 microns, spiny, long 1. 5~3μm .
Ma Dabo: The powder is light blue and brown. Spore silk is slightly branched, with few transverse septa and a diameter of 2. 5 ~ 6 μ m. The spores are blue-yellow, smooth, and sometimes have small warts, with a diameter of 3. 5~5 microns. Purple puffball powder is grayish purple. Spore filaments are branched, with transverse septa, 2 ~ 5 microns in diameter and thick wall. Spores are purple with a diameter of 4 ~ 5. 5μm, with small thorns.
(3) Take 65438 0 g peeled puffball tablets, and add ethanol and 0. Soak in 8ml 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, dry at low temperature, ignite slowly, completely incinerate at 700℃, cool, add 10ml water to the residue, and filter. The filtrate shows the identification reaction of phosphate (Appendix IV).