In the nucleus into the soil, to loosen the soil, just enough to cover the nucleus to can.

Loquat grafting technology

A rootstock seedling cultivation

1, fine seedbed. Nursery land to choose the back of the shade and wind, loose soil, rich in organic matter, medium fertility, fertilizer, water retention performance is good sandy soil. Half a month before sowing (early to mid-May) into the appropriate amount of decomposed compost, soil fertilizer, pig manure or 50 kg per mu of compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer. Then the soil is tilled, harrowed and leveled for the border, each border width of 1.2 meters, border ditch 30 cm. Underground pests should be used to disinfect the soil with furadan before tilling the ground to kill underground pests.

2, sowing. Loquat seeds have no dormancy, before sowing loquat kernel screening, remove the smaller, abnormal development of the loquat seed, choose the grain full of loquat seeds can be sown after washing and drying. Sowing period in late May to early June. Sowing methods are sowing or strip sowing 2 kinds (generally use strip sowing). Strip sowing row spacing 20-25 cm, plant spacing 10-12 cm, depending on the seed germination rate, 1-3 seeds per hole, sowing light pressure, half of the seeds pressed into the soil, thinly sprinkled with a layer of fine gray soil to the extent of not seeing the seeds. If the seed is sown too deep, it is difficult to get out of the soil, and it will also cause mold and rot, and if it is too shallow, it will not take root. Immediately after sowing, the seedbed should be drenched with water and covered with a thin layer of moisturizing material such as straw or fresh hogweed on the soil surface to keep the soil surface from sloughing, which is conducive to the emergence of seedlings.

3, post-sowing management. Before the seedlings emerge from the soil, the seedbed should maintain a certain degree of humidity, not too dry and too wet, to be uncovered after the emergence of mulch. As loquat seedlings like shade, strong sunlight leaves are easy to burn. Therefore, after sowing before the emergence of seedlings, it is necessary to use the shade net to build a good shade, shade high 50-60 cm. Seedlings, timely removal of weak seedlings, too dense seedlings, diseased seedlings, according to the size of the spacing to stay a strong seedling. When the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, can be dilute human feces or compound fertilizer every half-month watering, and timely removal of weeds. When the seedling height reaches 20 centimeters, remove the top 1-2 pieces of young leaves, promote its lower stem thickening, and at the same time do a good job of pest control. Shade nets are removed in late August and early September. The second spring rootstock seedlings diameter of 0.6 cm or more can be grafted, less than the standard can be transplanted and then cultivated and managed to the next year grafting.

Second, the grafting of seedlings

1, the choice of scion. Can be selected from the local fine varieties of strong fruit trees or young fruit trees on the growth of full, moderate thickness of the 1-year spring or summer tips of the nutrient branches for scion, and can not be used for the inner branches or branches for scion. Scion collection should be cut off immediately after the leaves, and wrapped in plastic film to prevent evaporation, water loss and affect the survival rate, try to do with the pick with. If the spikes are collected from a distance, they should be de-leafed, moisturized and sand hidden.

2, grafting time and method. Loquat seedlings grafting time in the sap began to flow in mid-March to early April is most suitable. Generally use the cutting method. The method is to cultivate the rootstock in the ground 8-10 cm from the cut, the scion to choose a straighter side of the long cut, first in the back of the knife was 45 degrees diagonal cut a knife, and then flip cut a long cut to cut the bast, slightly with the degree of xylem, the cut surface of 2 cm or so. Requirements for the cut surface is flat, smooth, not hairy. Each scion to stay 1-2 buds, 0.5 cm above the buds, cut off transversely. Then in the cuttings of the rootstock to choose a smooth side of the bark, first cut off a small piece of the knife diagonally, and then in the ligament and xylem between the downward cut into a long 2 cm incision, to slightly cut off part of the xylem to the degree. And then the scion long cut surface against the rootstock on the inside of the rootstock into the rootstock incision, and make the scion and rootstock formation layer alignment. If the rootstock and scion thickness is different, should be inserted against one side, so that one side of the formation layer alignment. Finally, use plastic film to tie the rootstock and scion first, and then tie and seal the scion and rootstock interface to prevent drying and rainwater immersion. When wrapping, care should be taken to prevent the alignment of the formation layer from shifting.

Third, the management of grafting

1, in addition to sprouting. After the grafting of the rootstock should be removed in a timely manner to reduce nutrient consumption, and is conducive to the growth of grafted seedlings.

2, fertilization. Do not fertilize immediately after grafting, to be 40-50 days later, grafting basic survival, new shoots sprouting, and then monthly thin fertilizer diligently applied 1 time, plowing and weeding, fine management, and pay attention to do a good job in the summer high temperature drought drought work.

3, pest control. Yellow caterpillar, leaf spot and other pests and diseases, you can use dichlorvos, permethrin, carbendazim, ulcerative blight and other agents to prevent and control in a timely and accurate manner.

4, unfilming. Grafting year in mid-September, to timely lift the grafting film. If the film is not lifted for a long time, it will affect the transportation of nutrients and normal growth.