Ziwei, alias: first cannon, Ziwei, ghost lamp. Latin name: PhyssperuvianaL. It is a perennial herb of Solanaceae and Physalis. The plant cluster is 40 ~ 90 cm high, and the roots are creeping.
Stems erect, unbranched or less branched, densely pubescent. The leaves are thick, broadly ovoid or heart-shaped, 6-15cm long and 4-10cm wide, with a short tapering tip, a symmetrical heart-shaped base, the whole margin or a few inconspicuous sharp teeth, and dense hairs on both sides; Petiole 2-5 cm long, densely pilose. The flowers are solitary and axillary, and the peduncle is about 1.5 cm long.
Gourd likes temperature and is frost-resistant. Seeds germinate rapidly at about 30℃; The growth period of seedlings is 20 ~ 25℃, which is suitable for growing at night when the temperature is not lower than 17℃. During the flowering and fruiting period, the temperature should be 20 ~ 25℃ during the day and not lower than 15℃ at night, otherwise it will easily lead to falling flowers and fruits. When the temperature is lower than 10℃, the plants stop growing. Plants below 0℃ are frozen.
Girls' fruit is also called mushroom, pineapple, and its scientific name is sour pulp. Supermarkets are marked "pearl fruit, USA", which are mostly distributed in the northeast. Wrapped in a lantern-shaped skin, the fruit is yellow and seedy.
There are two kinds of ripe fruits, yellow and red, and the skin is soft. You can see the fruit after peeling it off. The sweetness of yellow. The red one is bitter and sweet. When you put it in your mouth, you can smell a mellow and very simple taste.
Female fruit is a small round fruit with a lantern-shaped pod, which is a little bigger than the thumb. There are many small seeds in it. Fruit is rich in nutrition, rich in sugar, organic acids, vitamin C and trace elements such as iron, phosphorus, potassium and calcium.
It tastes sour when it is immature, yellow-green when it is mature, and purple when it is fully mature. It is very sweet and can be used not only for fresh food, but also for baking fruit cakes, making jam, canned food, fruit juice and other foods. Due to the pure sour taste of the fruit, the fully mature fruit is unique in sweetness and sourness.
Extended data
Main value
eat
Its fresh fruit contains a lot of pectin, which can be processed into high-quality jam, fruit cake, fruit juice and other health foods. These products are loved by consumers because of their unique style.
The fruit of gourd is rich in nutrients such as sugar, protein, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins and mineral elements. In addition, it also contains physiological active substances such as citric acid, malic acid, tannin resin, saponin and flavonoid glycoside.
morphological character
Herbs perennial, 45-90 cm tall, with creeping rhizomes. Stems erect, unbranched or less branched, densely pubescent. The leaves are thick, broadly ovoid or heart-shaped, 6-15cm long and 4-10cm wide, with short tapering tips, symmetrical heart-shaped base, whole margin or a few inconspicuous sharp teeth, and dense hairs on both sides; Petiole 2-5 cm long, densely pilose.
The flowers are solitary and axillary, and the peduncle is about 1.5 cm long. Calyx broadly bell-shaped, pedicels densely pilose, 7-9 mm long, lobes lanceolate, subequal.
Corolla is bell-shaped, with a length of 1.2- 1.5 cm and a diameter of 1.5-2 cm. It is yellow, with purple stripes at the throat, 5-lobed, nearly triangular lobes, pubescent outside and eyelashes at the edge. Filaments and anthers are blue-purple, and anthers are about 3 mm long.
Fruit calyx ovoid, 2.5-4 cm long, thin papery, light green or light yellow, pilose; Berries are about 1- 1.5 cm in diameter and are yellow when they are ripe. Seeds yellow, disc-shaped, about 2 mm in diameter. Flowers and fruits in summer.
Country of origin
Peru and Chile native to South America; China is mainly distributed in Yunnan (South), Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Hongkong, Taiwan Province, Fujian (South) and Northeast China. Cultivated in China, Guangdong and Yunnan, or wild, born in roadsides or river valleys at an altitude of 1200-2 100 meters.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-lantern fruit