The root of the existence of training institutions is the market demand, which shows that there are problems that cannot be solved in school education, so parents seek solutions outside education.
Why do students need to make up lessons? Because students want to pursue grades.
Why do students pursue grades? This is related to what kind of talents are trained by education in China, which is the purpose of education.
0 1 The constant pursuit of achievements in primary and secondary education is due to the demand for technical talents in the early stage of China's reform and opening up. Before the reform and opening up, China was very poor and backward.
From 65438 to 0978, China's GDP was always $65438+$0482 billion, accounting for 5.0% of the world's total GDP, ranking tenth in the world. According to the official overvalued exchange rate at that time, the per capita GDP was only $224.9. The world ranks second from the bottom. There are 250 million people living in absolute poverty. 1977, there were1400,000 people in China, and the average ration was less than 300 Jin, so they were in a state of semi-starvation.
1982, the illiteracy rate (complete illiteracy) was 22.8%, and 15 years old and above had an average education period of 5.3 years.
Under such national conditions at that time, the most important task of our country was to change the face of poverty and backwardness. However, there is a serious shortage of various production technicians. Therefore, in terms of education at that time, on the one hand, China vigorously promoted universal education to change the illiteracy of farmers and the low level of agricultural productivity. On the other hand, it is to cultivate technical talents quickly to meet the needs of industrial development. Primary school starts for five years and junior high school for two years. And encourage junior high school students to apply for secondary schools. Ensure the rapid production of talents.
From 1990s to 2 1 century, with the development of China's economy, there is an increasing demand for high-level technical talents in China. So education turned to the pursuit of knowledge quality. The basic mode of education is to select high-knowledge talents through examination results.
This kind of education pursuing knowledge and quality has greatly promoted the economic development of China since the reform and opening up.
For individuals, the pursuit of knowledge and quality education leads to more and more fierce competition in grades. Therefore, only by constantly increasing repetitive training can we strengthen the consolidation and implementation of knowledge.
Psychologically speaking, when people vigorously strengthen a certain skill, it will greatly improve the proficiency of that skill. But at the same time, it will also inhibit the freedom and openness of people's thinking, resulting in a serious lack of sensitivity and divergence in thinking about new things.
At present, China's productive forces are facing a new round of transformation, that is, from the development of traditional imitation production and traditional production technology to the development of new fields and the realization of innovative production. Then, the current educational model obviously does not meet this demand and must be reformed. From knowledge education to quality education. Otherwise, it will be difficult for China to surpass the development level of western advanced countries.
The emergence of training institutions is the inevitable result of pursuing knowledge education. Why didn't the country stop it? Because of the difference of people's learning ability, the speed and direction of different people's learning knowledge are bound to be different. But the competition of knowledge is more and more fierce, and the examination of knowledge is also the same set of papers. Therefore, students who are backward in learning knowledge can only choose to invest more time and energy to make up for it.
However, education in China is almost all public education, which is funded by the state to train talents. The state must ensure the fairness and stability of education. Therefore, the state prohibits in-service teachers from making up lessons with compensation. As a result, private training institutions came into being.
Then why doesn't the state ban private education?
In fact, the state has always banned private education. It was not until 20 17 that market capital was allowed to enter primary and secondary education. In the past, private education was essentially an underground activity. What's the point of letting go now?
At present, the country is implementing all-round educational reform, from the reform of colleges and universities to the reform of primary and secondary schools. The purpose is to change the educational model and cultivate innovative talents. This kind of education needs ability rather than knowledge. Therefore, it is imperative to pay attention to quality assessment, not knowledge assessment. That is, from exam-oriented education to quality education.
Quality refers not only to various artistic talents, but also to the practical ability and comprehensive research ability of various associations. For example, at present, the career planning education introduced by Zhejiang and Shanghai pilot reform provinces and cities is only the guidance of measurement and theoretical analysis, and it is estimated that it may be linked with enterprises in the future for practical trial and development. In addition, there are other study tours, other social practice activities, innovative education activities and so on. It is conceivable that more forms of quality education will be developed in the future.
Quality education is to realize the differentiated development of people. Obviously, it is difficult to achieve all kinds of quality education only by relying on the national unified model of school education. Therefore, the state allows training institutions to enter primary and secondary education in order to let these institutions share the quality education sector.
But at present, the education reform has just begun. Therefore, the pursuit of knowledge in primary and secondary education still occupies a dominant position. Then, it is not surprising that training institutions enter the field of knowledge training based on the principle of pursuing interests and market demand.
How to reduce the competition of over-education in China at present? According to the proposals of NPC and CPPCC in recent two years and the trend of national reform, China's education is approaching the American education model. The basic idea should be this:
First, lower the performance requirements of primary and secondary schools and shift the excessive pursuit of performance to the pursuit of quality.
But because primary and secondary education is all around the college entrance examination. Therefore, the college entrance examination model must be reformed. This is the first train of thought of China's educational reform.
Second, reform the university education model and reduce the weight of college entrance examination scores.
To reform the college entrance examination model, it is essential to reform the university education model. If we can't just reform the enrollment model of colleges and universities, it will inevitably turn into another form of competition. Only by reforming universities in different directions and developing the differences between universities can we reduce the overlap of college entrance examination enrollment and not rely on a single test score.
Judging from the current trend of national university reform, it is likely to learn from the United States, break the current trend of comprehensive development of universities, and divert universities in three directions: some first-class universities develop in the direction of basic research; Some liberal arts comprehensive universities are developing in the direction of society; Most universities are developing in the direction of vocational technology.
Then, in order to meet the needs of universities, primary and secondary school students need to make a good career plan for the future: do they engage in scientific research? Or engaged in social public affairs management and service? Or engaged in a production technology industry? In this way, different choices will inevitably have different requirements for ability and quality (this is not the comprehensive quality now, but the differentiated quality). In this way, the degree of competition in the college entrance examination will be reduced a lot. However, due to the large population in China, there may still be great competition in the choice of the same direction. What should we do?
That is, in the same direction, different universities should subdivide the advantages of different fields. For example, Tsinghua and Peking University are both research universities, but Tsinghua's dominant major development is natural science research, while Peking University's dominant major development is social humanities research. In this way, colleges and universities concentrate a lot of resources to develop their dominant majors and achieve differentiated and high-quality development. In this way, the competition for grades is reduced a little.
Third, grades are still needed, but they need to meet certain professional requirements, rather than competing with each other to choose better ones.
It is impossible to cancel the exam completely, because learning any major requires a certain basic knowledge as a guarantee. Therefore, in the future college entrance examination, the results are most likely to be scored. Just meet a certain standard. Judging from the current new scoring system of college entrance examination, it is very likely to take this road.
In order to realize the differentiated development of university majors, the state should also reform the employment environment to ensure the basic level of employment of different majors in the social environment, rather than disparity.
At present, the development of different industries in China is very uneven, which leads to great differences in salary levels and working environment in different industries, which is the most fundamental reason for the results of the college entrance examination. Because only if you get good grades, you have a greater chance to choose the best working environment and treatment.
Therefore, the state must also strengthen the reform of various industries to make them develop in a balanced way. Only in this way can the congestion in major selection be effectively reduced.