Temple worship
Yinxian Tongzhi in the Republic of China? Geography? The Temple Society contains: "The temple of today is also the ancient society. In ancient times, the people's settlement must be based on one god, and every offer will be made in the society. Therefore, the number of village communities can determine the density of households at that time, which should be paid attention to by local historians. Although not as mentioned above, there are many temples, and their dwellings are also flourishing. In the villages where they died, their temples were also abandoned, so we can also see the reasons for the rise and fall of the places in the past and present. Although building a shrine is also one of the superstitions, its origin is absolutely different from that of monks' temples and Taoist temples. " In about 1933, there were 517 temple shrines in urban and rural areas of Yinxian County, among which there were 159 temples in urban areas (areas 1 to 5) at that time, which was a manifestation of folk customs of worshipping gods, believing in ghosts and being fond of worshipping. The column of "List of Temple Societies" in Yinxian Tongzhi contains the name, address, deities worshipped, organization of temple societies, date of construction and repair, registered residence under the temple (at the foot of the temple), contest of temple fairs, intersection of vertical and horizontal lines on the map, and remarks. Among the social temples in the urban area, the excerpts of the accounts under the temple (at the foot of the temple) with more than 1, households are as follows:
The new Narcissus Temple is located in Yanyue Street, Huizheng Town, and it is dedicated to the Linghou of Narcissus Garden. The organization of the temple society is divided into five fortresses: Zhou, Han, Lin, Jiang and Shi. Song Shijian, chief Zhao Yifu wrote an inscription. Qing Qianlong was rebuilt in forty-nine years, and Quan Zuwang wrote an inscription. Xianfeng was destroyed by soldiers in the eleventh year and rebuilt in the second year of Tongzhi. There are more than 1,4 households and more than 6, people under the temple. In the old practice, the Lantern Festival was held on August 15th as the birthday of God, and the performance of offering sacrifices was stopped today. It's a temple, which is said to be Asoka's trip to the Dragon God.
Tangjun Temple is under the Jingjia Bridge in Clean Town, and it is dedicated to the Ming Dynasty and Hou Tanghua. The organization of the temple society is divided into five pillars: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. Between the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, it was rebuilt in the 11th year of Qing Yongzheng and rebuilt in the 47th year of Qianlong. Jiaqing was rebuilt in four years, Daoguang in eighteen years, Xianfeng in nine years and Guangxu in twenty-seven years. There are about 2, registered households under the temple. The fifth day of June in the summer calendar is the birthday of God, and there are performances and sacrifices to God. Old murals in the temple.
Oak Temple is located in Oak Lane, Oak Town, where Yin Ling Zhang Ming is worshipped. The organization of the temple society is divided into eighteen castles, such as Qianlongcao, Qiubi, Zhoumengqiao and Hehuazhuang. Every two castles, one member is elected, and nine people preside over the temple affairs. Built in the Ming Dynasty, it was repaired frequently in the Qing Dynasty, and Dong Pei kept a record. There are about thousands of households under the temple. February 12 in the summer calendar is the birthday of the gods, which is a sacrifice and a performance. On August 16, the gods toured every castle, and it has stopped now. According to legend, God has rendered meritorious service to the horse. Today, all camps set up sacrifices in the Mid-Autumn Festival, saying that Zhang Ge has rendered meritorious service to the people, so the people rewarded them with temple food.
Baima Temple is located beside Lijia Bridge (formerly known as Lijia Temple Bridge) in Limu Town, and it is lost to test the worship of gods. However, according to Lu Youju's preface, it is said that it is the same as Baima Temple in West Street (to worship Duke Dou of Song Dynasty). The organization of the temple society is the same as that of the oak temple. It was built between Guangxu in Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in Wang Heting. It was destroyed by the wind during the Republic of China, and people in the village, such as Mao Youqing, Lu Xiongfei and Lin Kangnian, raised money to repair it. The hukou under the temple is the same as that of the oak temple (about thousands of households). On October 24 in the summer calendar, people offered sacrifices, and today they still follow each other. There is only one temple, and half of it is a resting place for pedestrians.
Xiande Temple is located in the south of Sizhou Township, and it is dedicated to sealing the spirit to sign the Hou Wang Yao. The organization of the temple society is divided into four castles and four pillars in the southeast and northwest. During the Yuan Dynasty, Dade transported thousands of households to build the site, and Lu Yu and Lu Chang made extensive repairs in the first year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in the 57th year of Qingganlong, rebuilt in the 5th year of Tongzhi, and donated money for reconstruction in the 3rd year of the Republic of China. There are 1,386 households and more than 5,84 people under the temple. Bao made a sacrifice when he was next year old.
Tournament
In the old days, there were races to meet the gods in both urban and rural areas, with different names and scales. Pray for God to bless "the country and the people are safe and the weather is good". In the procession of the games, the flag side is usually used as the leader. There are 4 top cards, which are rectangular glass frame lights, written on a certain company, and have handles under them. The sedan chair is usually carried by 8 people, with exquisite inlays and exquisite faces. In front of the sedan chair, there were two gongs, and eight soldiers were guarded from front to back, left and right, and they started to drink. Honor in front of the gods, driving in full or half, putting the front line of the sedan chair in front of the gods to March, silence, avoidance and other deacons' cards, commonly known as hard-foot cards. People's umbrella, embroidered with yellow satin, is behind the sedan chair. When the goddess goes out of the temple, she adds two palms and fans, and the girl is in charge. Those who pretend to be male and female "prisoners" later, most of them made a wish before God when they were seriously ill, dressed in sin clothes, handcuffed with shackles, or tied their hands behind their backs, with flags cut, and even those who hung a copper incense burner in their wrists and lit a "meat heart lamp" bowed their heads and marched. When you get to the downtown area, the gun bearer rushes straight, and the "upturned pole" used is up and down, up and down, attracting attention. Release the shovel team, with four or six shovel hands, and release the shovel. Before the team set out, the first thing was to report the horse, and the horse's head was decorated with pompoms, and it was known everywhere.
In every session, clubs usually have a pair of trumpeters and two trumpeters, playing the long Hu (long horn) on horseback. Colorful horses, colorful silk awnings tied on the saddle, young women sitting on the saddle, and singing by themselves. Lift the pavilion, about 2 feet high, carried by 16 people. Each stage is played by four boys and girls, and there are drama figures such as "Ma Gu offers a birthday" and "Zhao Jun gives a fan". The banner, with a height of 3 feet, is made of silk and is about 2 feet square. It is held by strong young people, especially those who can run with the flag in the air with one hand. Drum boat, carried by four people before and after, with one drummer in the boat, and many gongs hanging on the right side of the boat, also beaten by one person. There are orchestral classes on both sides, and they keep playing. Later, there were various folk art forms, such as stilts, stilts, lion dance, dragon dance, big-head monk dance, etc., as well as all kinds of lanterns, including nine connected lamps, and nine square glass lamps were installed on a long wooden frame, each of which was lighted by a candle, which was shouldered by one person. When the game is played, the competition is ingenious, and the audience along the way is like a tide.
Urban Games
The February Games, also known as the "back lamp holder", are decorated with lanterns, storytelling and acting in the temple. When the Bodhisattva of Jiangdong Oak Temple comes out of the temple, it is also called the God Meeting. In the past, there was a saying that "the bodhisattva of Oak Temple urged farming, and the bodhisattva of Taibao Temple urged sending the year".
from April 11th to 13th, the April Half-Meeting is dedicated to the five gods, so it is called the God of the Gods, which is commonly called the April Half-Meeting. Neighborhood and peers from all walks of life are regarded as temple clubs, which are divided into four pillars in the southeast and northwest. There are Huxi Old Wenhua Club, South Road Xiexing Club, West Road Fengyun Society, Jiangxia Wenying Club, Samsung Club, Tongyun Club, Hanxiang Club and Victory Club, among which Tongyun Club is produced by Tangxing Street, with colorful lanterns and colorful utensils, which are particularly gorgeous. There are big flag, head card, hard foot card, flag gong, ten gongs and drums, pavilion, drum pavilion, gauze boat, pearl dragon, jade elephant, colorful horse, nine lanterns and so on. On April 13th, 1869 (the eighth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty), the visitors of the guild blocked the way. When crossing the new river bridge, the British still charged 4 coppers each, causing people to jam the bridge and drown more than 4 people. Therefore, there is a common saying: "Look at the Tongyun Club and fall under the river bridge." The guild passed through the government, county, prefecture (prefect) and Dao (platform) yamen, all of which set up incense tables to greet the gods and rewarded them with silver medals and fruit bags. At that time, neighbors, peers and rich families will compete to offer their titles, set up colorful archways in downtown areas and set off fireworks at night. In 1892 (the eighteenth year of Guangxu), it was abolished because of the fighting between soldiers and civilians in the university field.
In September and a half, all the neighborhoods in the city patrol the market with deities of temples and shrines, which is called "Duhuo", also called "Shehuo", and also called September and a half. The ceremonial color pavilion is leading, and the golden drum drama is competing with each other. There are self-prisoners, unkempt, shackled, tied with ropes, and a little "flesh lamp" in the guild team.
On the first day of October, at the October meeting, the Temple of the City God of Fu set up a sutra for education, and the statue of facing the gods was carried to the altar outside the north gate to show sympathy for the lonely soul and return to the temple after the sacrifice. It is called "October Festival", also called October Chaohui.
Country Games
Worship services are held from February to May. The worship meeting in Jiangshan Town, Nanxiang, Yinxian County, is held every leap year, with three or four days at a time. It is divided into four roads: east, west, north and south, patrolling the village during the day and patrolling the town at night, which often leads to fights because of rushing to meet the gods. The worship meeting in Chaiqiao Town, Zhenhai, hosted by Lujiang Temple Column, was dedicated to the statue of Lujiang Temple in the sacred sedan chair. It toured the villages in turn within half a month and entered the market at night, which was called "Paijie".
The Young Seedlings' Meeting will be held in April and May, when the rice seedlings turn green, praying for good weather and good harvest. The Young Seedlings' Meeting in Chaiqiao Town, Zhenhai, will be held in Daxie Village for 3 days, and will tour the village during the day and Chaiqiao Street at night.
The Rice Flower Festival is held in the early rice flowering season (June) to pray for a bumper harvest, and there is no fixed deity and duration. Generally, the local temple gods are worshipped first, with ceremonial ceremonies, head cards and colorful pavilions as the leading role, and the "Mupai" gods are held high, and firecrackers are set off, gongs and drums are beaten. The people under the temple line up behind the temple and patrol Tiantou Village Road. In the old days, this custom was observed in Yinjiang Bridge in Xixiang, Zouxi in Dongxiang, Maoshan in Nanxiang, Daqi and Kunting in Zhenhai.
The three northern regions of Taige Club (Zhenbei, Cibei and Yaobei) are famous for their extraordinary height, which is called "Taige Club". Some very rich families, fighting strange and competing skillfully. The Taige of Shenshiqiao in Cixi County is particularly famous, commonly known as the "Three-North Gaotai Pavilion". In 1932, when the Games were held, there were about 1 Taige as high as 5 feet. Above the Taige, there were children posing as drama characters, and each Taige had more than 1 people carrying and caring staff.
According to legend, the Gao Qiao Society was established to commemorate the victory of the Southern Song Dynasty against Jin and Gao Qiao. Four notes in Siming Tanzhu: Zhang Xunwang Temple, Song Baoyou's five-year Wu system sneaked into Gao Qiao in the west, and made a portrait of the new temple (referring to the sacrifice to Zhang Jun) ("Kaiqing Xuzhi"). Quan Zuwang's "Qi Qi Pavilion Collection" has a proposal to change the temple in Zhang Jun, Gao Qiao. He thinks that Zhang Jun should not be worshipped, but the other seven or eight listed, saying: "If you have made meritorious deeds without sacrificing, you should sacrifice Zhang Jun, not the so-called yellow and sorrowful person?" To the Republic of China "Yinxian Tongzhi? Geography? Temple Society, there is no Zhangxunwang Temple in Gao Qiao Town. Therefore, it is not clear what gods Gao Qiao will carry out of the temple.
Gao Qiao Club covers Gao Qiao, Baiyue, Wangchun, Jishigang and Hengjie, and is jointly held by 12 towns and villages in western Yinxi. The head of the temple club is composed of five pillars, namely, the longevity club in Gao Qiao, the Zhensheng club in Jishigang, the Yongfeng club selling noodle bridges (namely, the Taiping club), the Fengyun club in Xilu and the Lingyi club with new temples. When the tournament was reopened in 1946, the number of clubs increased by 8, and there were 13 * * *, which lasted for three or four days. When the tournament was held, thousands of people gathered and the team was several miles long. The welcoming team started from Gao Qiao, first went to the Stone General Temple in Wangchunqiao (to honor and keep promise), then turned back to Wangjing Bridge in the urban area, and returned to Feng 'ao across the street. The rules of the Games include "clean the street and be a vegetarian", clean the street, dismantle the shed, clean the dryer and cover it, no clothes hanging outside, and clean the court room; Every family is vegetarian, and every ten households in each column are assigned to supervise and inspect. If meat eaters are found, they will be fined if persuasion fails. During the three or four days before the competition, especially those who fire spears and carry bodhisattvas, couples are not allowed to have sex to show their devotion to God. There are many high gods, and there are almost no empty-handed people in more than 3, people during the competition. There are more than 1 kinds of big flags, more than 2 poles for drum pavilions and sand boats, more than 4 poles for lifting pavilions, and the rest are like nine lights and walking on stilts. The ancestral "Savage Club" founded by the Wu family in Henghe Village plays six savages and six white monkeys, and performs the movements of savages and monkeys while walking. There are also animals dressed as lions, white elephants, tigers, leopards, monkeys, orangutans, etc. There are still nine little dragons with nine knots, five old dragons with twenty-four knots, and the dragon dancers change their dials and guard them on both sides of the idol. During the competition, there were more than 1 "Jue Xian" along the way. Moreover, there is a custom of grabbing and lifting the sacred sedan chair, which means that when the sacred sedan chair reaches the local boundary, the local people must carry it, otherwise the "Feng Shui" will be taken up by other villages, so fights often occur because of grabbing and lifting the sacred sedan chair, which is slang for "don't fight, don't count as meeting". After 1946, the Gao Qiao Conference was not held again.
the paper festival is also called lantern festival. In the areas of Huanggulin, Buzheng and Qingdao Township in Yin County, a paper party will be held on the Lantern Festival in the first month. Huanggonglin Temple, dedicated to Huanggong Xia of Han Dynasty, is divided into 1 castles, with more than 4, households under the temple. In the old practice, there are lantern festivals in the first month, lantern competitions at night, fireballs whirling, colorful lights, guns firing and spears firing, and performances interspersed by people who act as impermanents, judges and imps. Many visitors came by boat and had a boat race on the river. At Yujiazhai heel, 3 miles away from this temple, there is a shrine of Saint Huanggu, commonly known as Niangniang Temple, the daughter of Huang Boyu, the god of Zhaohui Temple, with 5 to 6 households under the temple. On August 23rd in the summer calendar, the villagers welcomed the temple gods to the old ancestral temple of Yu's family, and returned to the temple that night. It was an evening performance and a paper party.
temple fairs
in the old days, large-scale fairs in urban and rural areas were mostly connected with the games to worship the gods. The temple fair on the other mountain of Yinjiang Bridge in Yinxian County is held three times a year on March 3rd, June 6th and October 1th. Transplanting is just around the corner in the temple fair on March 3rd, and most of the listed commodities are plows, hoes, dung buckets, hemp fiber and Dai Li. At the Temple Fair on June 6th, before the early rice harvest, most of the commodities listed were bamboo baskets, scooters, brooms, buckets and sickles. On October 1, the temple fair, late rice harvest, the weather turned cold, farmers and villagers bought more winter goods and clothes, and the transaction flourished. During the period, the "Wushan boat" on the Yinjiang River crowded the river, the bamboo rafts on Zhangxi River and the "small beach boat" were full of streams, and other temples were acting, and the streets and alleys were crowded with people. The local shop owner went to Ningbo several months ago to handle goods, and merchants and vendors from the urban area flocked to build houses, rent stalls, set up tent accounts and set up temporary shops and stalls. Three religions and nine streams all go to the market to join in the fun, such as fortune telling, visiting doctors, "Zhu Youke" (witch doctor), cupping, selling plasters, juggling, pulling out teeth, blowing sugar children, singing a little fever, selling pear cream candy, "playing copper treasure" (gambling), begging and so on. In case of disputes, the head of the temple fair will come forward for mediation and adjudication.
after the founding of the people's Republic of China, the meeting to greet the gods has been abolished. No, temple fairs are still held.
debt-dodging temple
In the old days, Chinese New Year was also called "New Year's Eve". As the saying goes, people who owe money should not celebrate the New Year, and those who owe money should be settled at the end of the year. On New Year's Eve, firms and rich men sent people to collect debts, and they were "in a daze" ("Yinxian Tongzhi"). The poor and indebted are unable to pay their debts, so they are forced to take refuge in Yizhuang Temple in the urban area and Ersheng Temple in Zhenhai City. These two temples are places to hide debts, and creditors dare not go in and force them to beg, so they become accustomed to each other, commonly known as "debt-hiding temples". Avoid this night, don't collect debts on the first day of the first month, in order to postpone the emergency.
Yizhuang Temple, Yinxian Tongzhi? Geography? Temple Society: "Yizhuang Temple, at the bottom of Sanzhi Street in huayuan town, is dedicated to the God of Loushi Sizhuang, and was built tomorrow." Note: "Lou's Yizhuang is in Zhoujin Square, and there is a temple next to Rihu in the back of this square. The cover is the god of its village, commonly known as the debt-hiding temple." According to legend, a woman surnamed Chen lived next to Yizhuang Temple in Qing Dynasty. Because she owed one yuan in rent, she was bullied into the temple by the landlord and committed suicide. Later, this temple became a place for the poor to hide their debts and complain. At night, the poor gather, and the creditors are afraid to enter the temple for fear of causing public anger. There are good people who prepare porridge and rice dishes at night for the debtors. Today, there are 5 temples, which are used for other purposes.
Ersheng Temple, at the foot of the north city of Zhenhai County, was originally dedicated to Guan and Yue gods, and the incense was cold. Legend has it that on New Year's Eve, a debtor hid in the temple to avoid the New Year's Eve. After the news spread, the debtor agreed that on New Year's Eve, a group of debtors would attack him, and the creditors were afraid to enter the temple. Later generations become accustomed to each other.
In addition, it is said that Wuyu Temple in Zhouxiang, Cixi is also a place to hide debts on New Year's Eve, also known as the "debt-hiding temple".
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, people's lives have gradually improved, and the "debt-dodging temple" has become a historical relic.
Please ask the dragon for rain
The Annals of Yinxian in the Republic of China? Bibliography? Etiquette? Superstition "contains:" Please dragon. When farmers encounter a long drought, they invite dragons, and ask the gods of farmers in neighboring villages to pray in Longtan. Occasionally, when snakes, eels, frogs, fish and other animals emerge from the water, they think they are dragons, put them in the tanks, and invite them back. Ask the governor of the city to bow down and worship as a god, or to perform a show to respect him. Send it back when it rains. "
In the old days, the counties in Ningbo invited dragons to beg for rain, which was similar in general, but slightly different. In Zhanqi, Yinxian County, the Dragon King was invited, and the advance party entered the Dragon King Temple at night, wrapped the statue in sacks and carried it to the local temple for worship, which was called "stealing the Dragon King". After a few days, it still doesn't rain, so that the "Dragon King" can have a taste of the suffering of prolonged drought without rain and exposure to the hot sun, but he is afraid of damaging the idol, so he wears a hat and hemp fiber, and is called "Sun Dragon King". If it doesn't rain again, we'll meet at Longtan to ask the dragon for rain. Send people to ring gongs in advance to announce "no painting" (no fishing on the beach), and no fish and shrimp are allowed to go on the market.