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What is the relationship between the Double Ninth Festival and chrysanthemums? What is dogwood again? I hope I can give a more detailed answer # 1 1, thank you ~
The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Double Ninth Festival, also called "Old People's Day". Because the Book of Changes defines "six" as the yin number and "nine" as the yang number, on September 9, the sun and the moon are combined with yang, and 29 is the most important, so it is called Chongyang, also known as Jiujiu. The Double Ninth Festival was formed as early as the Warring States Period. In the Tang Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was officially designated as a folk festival, which has been inherited ever since. The name of "Double Ninth Festival" was recorded in the Three Kingdoms period. According to Cao Pi's "Nine Days and Zhong You Book", it says: "From year to month, September 9 suddenly comes again. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon coincide. It is well known and considered suitable for a long time, so it is a feast. "

First of all, there is a custom of climbing mountains on the Double Ninth Festival. Autumn in September, the sky is crisp. In this season, climbing the mountain and overlooking it can achieve the purpose of relaxing body and mind, keeping fit and getting rid of diseases. The custom of eating Chongyang cake is related to mountain climbing. Gaohe cake is homophonic. As a holiday food, it was originally to celebrate the harvest of autumn grain and taste new grain. After that, the people have the auspicious meaning of climbing to eat cakes and climbing step by step.

The Double Ninth Festival has always had the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums, so it has been called Chrysanthemum Festival since ancient times. September of the lunar calendar, commonly known as Chrysanthemum Month, holds a chrysanthemum party on holidays, and people from all over the city go to the meeting to enjoy chrysanthemums. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms, it has become fashionable for Chongyang parties to drink and admire chrysanthemums and recite poems. In the ancient customs of Han nationality, chrysanthemum symbolizes longevity. The custom of inserting Evodia rutaecarpa was popular in ancient times, so it is also called Cornus Festival. As a medicine, Cornus officinalis can make wine, strengthen the body and get rid of diseases. On this day, Wang Wei's "I miss my brothers in Shandong on vacation in the mountains" was written.

The ancients thought it was an auspicious day to celebrate, and they began to celebrate it from a very young age. Double Ninth Festival is a traditional festival of Han nationality, which combines various folk customs. The activities to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival generally include sightseeing, overlooking the mountain, watching chrysanthemums, planting dogwood everywhere, eating double ninth cake, drinking chrysanthemum wine and other activities. Double Ninth Festival, because it is homophonic with "long", and nine is the largest number in the number, which means long life. Moreover, autumn is also the golden season of harvest in a year, and the Double Ninth Festival has far-reaching influence. People have always had special feelings for this festival. There are many excellent poems in Tang poetry and Song poetry to congratulate the Double Ninth Festival and chant chrysanthemums.

In the folk concept, the Double Ninth Festival is homophonic with "Nine Nine", which means longevity, health and longevity. Since the 1980s, some places in China have designated the ninth day of September in the summer calendar as the festival for the elderly, advocating the whole society to establish an atmosphere of respecting, loving and helping the elderly.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, this folk custom was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. This year (2009), the Double Ninth Festival falls on 65438+ Gregorian calendar1October 26th. Appreciate the beautiful chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemum, also called yellow flower, belongs to Compositae and has many varieties. China is the hometown of chrysanthemum, and it has been common to cultivate chrysanthemum since ancient times. Chrysanthemum is a long-lived flower, which is praised by scholars as an unyielding symbol of chrysanthemum appreciation cream, so people love and praise it, so large-scale chrysanthemum exhibitions are often held. Chrysanthemum exhibition is naturally held in Chongyang, because the relationship between chrysanthemum and Chongyang is too deep; So Chongyang is also called Chrysanthemum Festival, and Chrysanthemum is also called Jiuhua. Chrysanthemum viewing has become an integral part of the custom of the Double Ninth Festival. In the Song Dynasty, "Dream of Tokyo" Volume 8: "In September, everyone enjoys chrysanthemums, and there are several kinds. Its yellow and white pistils are called "Wanning Chrysanthemum", pink ones are called "Peach Blossom Chrysanthemum", white ones are called "Muxiangju", yellow ones are called "Jinling Chrysanthemum" and pure white ones are called "Xirong Chrysanthemum". It's everywhere.

In the Ming Dynasty, Tao Anmeng recorded: "The atmosphere of less gods in Yanzhou attacked the palace. Chrysanthemum viewing day, its table, its kang, its lamp, its stove, its plate, its box, its pot corner, its viewer, its cup plate, its pot, its cup, its mattress and its wine; Its pasta, its clothes pattern, all chrysanthemum people light candles at night and steam them dry, and the color is more than several layers. When the banquet is over, take off the reed curtain and expose it. "

Appreciating chrysanthemums in the Qing Dynasty, such as "Records of Yanjing at the Age of Years": "Those who spend nine flowers are chrysanthemums. On the Double Ninth Festival, a rich house with nine flowers and a hundred pots is a spacious building decorated with a front porch and a light back porch (the front porch is high and the back porch is low, and the front porch is low and the back porch is high). Those who pile up on all sides are called' Jiuhua Pagoda'. " In Jia Qinglu, I recorded the activities of enjoying chrysanthemums in Suzhou, saying, "When the chrysanthemums first opened, the farmers of Huahu dried hundreds of pots (ancient vessels with big bellies and small mouths) and carried them into the city. People buy bottles for washing, or a set of five or seven utensils, and put cooked silk in the stalk, which can really suppress the back. Or pile hundreds of pots for players in Guangting Building. Crepe paper is a mountain, no, chrysanthemum mountain. And the teahouse is particularly prosperous. " There are also records of chrysanthemum appreciation in other books, such as Jin Ping Mei and Six Chapters of a Floating Life. Today, during the Double Ninth Festival, large-scale chrysanthemum exhibitions are still organized in major parks, and chrysanthemums are tied into various animals, plants and figures, which are very beautiful.

Climb the peak

One of the most important festival activities in Chongyang is mountain climbing. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called "ascensiontide". There is no uniform rule for climbing mountains. Generally, we climb mountains and towers.

Climbing mountains as early as the Western Han Dynasty, it was recorded in the Annals of Chang 'an that people visited the Han capital on September 9th. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a famous story that "the hat fell from Longshan". According to the Book of Jin Meng Family Biography, on the Double Ninth Festival in September, Huan Wen, a fu of the Jin Dynasty, and Meng Jia, a general who joined the army, boarded Longshan (now a mountain in the northwest of jiangling county, Hubei Province). Meng Jia saw the mountain scenery and didn't know that his hat was blown away by the wind. Huan Wen let people write a composition to laugh at him, and he didn't show weakness. His essay defense was once a much-told story.

Wu Jun, a native of the Southern Dynasties, recorded a magical story in "Continuation of Qi and Harmony": Runan people visited the scenery and traveled with Fei Changfang. Fei Changfang asked his family to make crimson sacs on the Double Ninth Festival, tie the arm of Cornus officinalis, climb mountains and drink chrysanthemum wine to avoid disaster. Huan Jing complied and escaped the disaster. This story vividly reflects people's psychology of avoiding evil spirits and disasters during the Double Ninth Festival.

Of course, people climb mountains not only to climb mountains, but also to see the red leaves and wild flowers on the mountains and enjoy them by drinking and eating meat. This combination of climbing mountains and picnics is more attractive. For example, Sun Simiao in the Sui Dynasty said in the "Thousand Yue Jinfang Orders": "On the Double Ninth Festival, you must watch the wine and climb the mountain, and enjoy the autumn ambition with a feast. Wine must take dogwood and chrysanthemum, and you must drink it. " Remember that the customs of the Sui Dynasty are similar to those of later generations. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Meng Liang Lu published in five years: "The sun and the moon fly, hoping for Chongyang. ..... is the day when' Meng Jia went to Longshan to drop his hat and Yuanming went to Dongli to enjoy chrysanthemums', which is the story. " The first film of Han Yuanji's "The First Nine Days of Shuidiao Song" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Today I am more important than nine, and I can't stand chrysanthemums. Try to find a high place and take a photo of Cui Wei hand in hand. Let your eyes shine on the pale cliffs of Wan Ren. Clouds will protect the frost at dawn, and you will know that I am coming with you. The ancient temple is leaning against bamboo, and the cornices are extremely sharp. " This paper describes the charm of chrysanthemum appreciation in Chongyang.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Beijing area climbed quite high. "Yanjing Age" said: "The capital is called Chongyang September 9. On the ninth day of September, people carry pots and water chestnuts and climb high when they go out. There are Tianning Temple, Taoranting and Sophora japonica in the south, thrips and purification fields in the north and eight places in the far west. Poetry drinking, barbecue cake sharing, seeking a moment of fun. " No matter the literati, they all like to have a picnic and barbecue on the mountain after climbing. Some rich people take curtains, barbecues, chariots and horses, musical instruments, climb platforms and slopes, set curtains, set tables and chairs, eat fried mutton or instant-boiled mutton, sing operas, listen to songs and watch dances. For example, Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty climbed mountains, had picnics and barbecues in Taohua Mountain in the east of Beihai every year, and set up a blue cloth fence to prevent idle people from peeping. There are also many climbers in Yuyuantan Diaoyutai and other places. There are also mountain climbing in the imperial garden of the Forbidden City.

Another example is Guangzhou, where there are more tourists climbing Baiyun Mountain than Yang, and drinking and writing poems is very lively and influential to this day. In Shanghai, there are no hills nearby, so it is also very lively to take the Feng Dan Tower in the south of Shanghai and the rockery in Yuyuan Garden as places to climb elegant collections. In the Republic of China, I simply boarded a 24-story international hotel. Modern Beijing Xiangshan, Shandong Niu Shan, Jiangxi Nanchang Wangtengting, etc. It is also a high-altitude holiday resort. Wang Tengting, in particular, is famous all over the world because Wang Bo wrote "Preface to Wang Tengting" on the pavilion during the Double Ninth Festival in the Tang Dynasty. As for the Dai Li Tai on Longshan Mountain in Jiangling, Hubei Province, the Dai Li in memory of Meng Jia in the Jin Dynasty also attracted many tourists.

Because the Double Ninth Festival is an autumn festival, flowers and trees begin to wither after the festival, so there is a saying that the double ninth festival is called "tattoo", which corresponds to the saying that the spring outing in March is called "outing". In the Qing Dynasty, Pan Rongbi wrote in Ji Sheng during the reign of Emperor Jing: "(Chongyang) has a cure and drinks in the suburbs all day, which is called' tattoo'." This is also a poetic name.

There are different opinions about the origin of climbing custom:

One theory may come from the worship of mountain gods in ancient times, thinking that mountain gods can save people from disasters. Therefore, people should go to the mountains to play on the Double Ninth Festival to avoid disaster. Maybe it started as a sacrifice to the mountain gods for good luck, and then it gradually became an entertainment. (In ancient times, it was thought that "nine is Lao Yang, and the anode must change". On September 9th, Lao Yang's figures were in the same month and the same day, which was unlucky. Therefore, a series of activities to avoid evil and seek longevity have evolved, which is not the number of "suitable longevity" that Wei Wendi Cao Pi said. This is the viewpoint in Five Chopsticks, which is produced by Ming metabolism.

By the Double Ninth Festival, the autumn harvest has passed and farming is relatively idle. At this time, Shan Ye's wild fruits and medicinal materials are in the mature season, and farmers have gone up the mountain to collect wild fruits, medicinal materials and plant raw materials for sideline production. This kind of gathering in the mountains is called "small autumn harvest" by farmers. The custom of climbing mountains may have evolved from this at first. As for the day of Chongyang, it was later. That means treating it as a symbol from the beginning to publicize its function, just as it is suitable for planting trees in spring, so people hold an Arbor Day. In addition, during the Double Ninth Festival, the weather is sunny and the temperature is cool, which is suitable for climbing high and looking far.

Pei dogwood praised chrysanthemum

The Double Ninth Festival has the custom of worshipping Cornus officinalis, so it is also called "Cornus officinalis Festival". Cornus officinalis is an important symbol of the Double Ninth Festival. People also like to wear chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. Cornus officinalis is nicknamed "evil-ward Weng" and chrysanthemum is also called "longevity-prolonging guest". Peidogwood

Cornus officinalis is a kind of fruit that can be used as medicine. Because the quality of Cornus officinalis produced in Wudi (now in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces) is the best, it is also called Evodia rutaecarpa, also called Moongum or Dwarf. It is a small evergreen tree, which can grow to more than ten feet high, with pinnate compound leaves and green and white flowers in early summer, as strong as pepper seeds. Mature after autumn. The fruit is yellow when tender and purple when ripe, which has the effects of warming the middle warmer, relieving pain and regulating qi. Cornus officinalis leaves can also cure cholera, and roots can kill insects. Compendium of Materia Medica says it is spicy and fragrant, warm in nature, and can cure cold and drive away poison. The ancients believed that wearing dogwood could ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters.

The custom of worshipping dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. People think that inserting dogwood in the Double Ninth Festival can take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear it on your arm, or make a sachet, put the dogwood in it, called a dogwood bag, and some are inserted in your head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them. Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty recorded that Kaunus participated in the Double Ninth Festival. Besides wearing dogwood, people also wear chrysanthemums. This happened in the Tang Dynasty and has been popular since ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of Beijing Double Ninth Festival was to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows, "to get rid of evil and filth, and to make money into treasure". This is the vulgarization of the chrysanthemum on the head. In the Song Dynasty, some people cut ribbons into dogwood and chrysanthemum and gave them to each other.

In fact, the dogwood of Chongyang is similar to the realgar and calamus of Dragon Boat Festival, with the purpose of expelling insects and preventing moth. Because it was Koharu in October after the Double Ninth Festival, the weather warmed up for a while; Some time before Chongyang, the autumn rain was wet, the autumn heat had not subsided, and clothes were easy to get moldy. This time is when osmanthus flowers are in full bloom, so people call it "osmanthus steaming", so it is necessary to prevent insects at this time. Cornus officinalis is a little poisonous and can kill insects. This is how the custom of making dogwood capsules came about.

However, after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the custom of Peidogwood gradually became scarce. The reason for the change is probably the shift of the center of gravity of the Double Ninth Festival. In early people's time life, Chongyang emphasized avoiding evil spirits and eliminating disasters. With the improvement of people's living conditions, people not only pay attention to the current real life, but also give more expectations to the future life and pray for longevity and continuity. Therefore, the status of "Yanshouke" (Chrysanthemum) finally surpassed that of "Avoidant Weng" (Cornus officinalis).