China, located in the east of Eurasia and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, has a civilization history of 5,000 years and is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. China's land area is about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world, only next to Russian and Canadian, almost equivalent to the whole area of Europe. The total land and sea area of China is about12.6 million square kilometers. ?

The territory of China starts from the intersection of the middle line of the main channel of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River in the east (135 E), the country bordering China in the east is North Korea, the countries facing China across the sea in the east are Japan and South Korea, the Pamirs (73 E) in the west, and the countries bordering China in the west are Afghanistan and Pakistan. From east to west, it spans more than 60 degrees of longitude, 5 time zones, and the longest distance is 5200 kilometers. It starts from the center line of Heilongjiang main channel (53 N) to the north of Mohe River in Heilongjiang, and reaches Zengmu shoal in Nansha Islands of South China Sea (near 4° N). The countries facing China across the sea in the south are Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia, which span more than 50 degrees latitude from north to south, with the longest distance of 5,500 kilometers.