1, plants: plum, orchids, bamboo and chrysanthemums, peaches, plums and begonias, peonies and peonies, lotus and hibiscus, daylilies and osmanthus, moon season, daffodils, Buddha's hand, pines and cypresses, manna, passion flower, roses and roses, grapes, fruits, and harvests.
2. Auspicious symbolism: many children (pomegranate), wealth and honor (peony), melons and gourds (gourd or grape vine, pine age and longevity, lotus purity, chrysanthemum seclusion, the age of the three friends, fortune and longevity, five blessings of longevity, the Eight Immortals.
3, animal motifs: dragon and phoenix, etc. (civil officials, first-class cranes to make up clothing, second-class brocade chickens, third-class peacocks, etc., usually can be used with lions, tigers, deer, cranes, magpies, mandarin ducks and other birds, bats, butterflies, bees and other grass bugs, carp, catfish and other fish.
4, natural weather patterns: cloud pattern, auspicious clouds, flowing clouds, water, wave pattern.
5. Artifacts: vase, treasure bowl, eight treasures, seven treasures, Ruyi.
6, geometric patterns: octopus halo, smallpox, Baozhao, swastika, bagua, tortoise back, Fangsheng, persimmon tattoos, locks, chain rings.
7. Figures: Hundred Sons, Playing Babies, Ladies, Gods and Buddhas, Twenty-four Filial Piety, Hanging Beams Reflecting the Moon, Woodcutting and Cultivation.
8. Landscape: the eight scenic spots of Xiaoxiang, the ten scenic spots of West Lake, fishing in the cold river, famous scenic spots or landscape paintings of various places.
Extended Information
Ancient Articles of Clothing (Ancient Articles of Clothing) refers to various kinds of clothing, crowns, hats, shoes and socks and other garments of ancient China, which have formed their own lineage in the world, and whose structures and styles have gradually changed along with the development of the production and life style. Through the study of ancient clothing, one can recognize the style of people through the ages. In the identification of relevant cultural relics,
clothing is also an important yardstick to break the generation. Ancient clothing is not much in existence, in addition to the study based on physical objects, ancient sculpture, paintings of the characters, is often an important reference material.
Late Paleolithic humans are known to sew, Zhoukoudian Shandingdong people's cultural remains have been unearthed in the bone needle. By the late Neolithic, clothing styles varied among people from different regions and ethnic groups. Take hairstyle as an example, there is a short hair cut in Didiwan culture, there is a braided hair in Majiayao culture, there are hair bands made of pig tusks in Dawenkou culture,
The Longshan culture used bone buns to bind the hair, and the jade human head unearthed in Shenmu Shiqian site of the Longshan culture in Shaanxi Province has a bun at the top of the head, which may be a reflection of the use of buns to bind the hair. Bone buns have been unearthed in the sites of Erlitou type and Dongxiafeng type of Erlitou culture equivalent to the Xia Dynasty, and the shape is the same as that of the same kind of artifacts in the Shang Dynasty. Therefore, it is known that the hair bun was already a feature of the clothing of the Huaxia people in ancient times.
References
Ancient Chinese clothing (Ancient Chinese dynasties clothing)_Baidu Encyclopedia
Qing Dynasty Dress PatternsThe Qing Dynasty emperor's costume has a court dress, auspicious clothes, regular clothes, walking clothes and so on. The emperor's court dress and the crown worn, divided into winter and summer two styles. The difference between winter and summer court dress is mainly in the edge of the clothes, spring and summer with satin, autumn and winter with precious fur for the edge of the decoration. The color of the court dress is mainly yellow, with bright yellow for the noble, only in the sacrifice of the sky with blue, red towards the sun, and white at the time of the moon with white. The pattern of court dress is mainly dragon pattern and twelve chapters pattern. Generally in front of the front, back and both arms embroidered dragon each one; waist embroidered five rows of dragons embroidered creases (tucks) before and after the embroidered group of nine dragons; clothing embroidered two dragons, four rows of dragons; shawl embroidered two rows of dragons; sleeve embroidered a dragon each one. Twelve chapters of patterns for the sun, moon, stars, mountains, dragons, Chinese insects, embroidery, embroidery eight chapters in the clothes; the remaining four algae, fire, Zong Yi, rice flour in the garment, and with five-color cloud pattern. Qing dynasty emperor's dragon robe, according to the literature, also embroidered with nine dragons. From the physical point of view, before and after only eight dragons, with the written records do not match, missing a dragon. Some people think there is a dragon is the emperor himself. In fact, this dragon exists objectively, just be embroidered in the lapel inside, generally not easy to see. In this way, each piece of the dragon robe is actually nine dragons, and from the front or back when you look at it alone, what you see are five dragons, and the number of nine or five coincides. In addition, the hem of the dragon robe, diagonally arranged with many curved lines, called the water foot. Above the foot of the water, there are many waves rolling water waves, water waves, and then stand a mountain stone treasure, commonly known as "seawater Jiangya", which in addition to the auspicious meaning of continuous, there is "a unity of the mountains and rivers" and "worlds of peace "The symbolism.
Qing dynasty dragon coat, style for the round neck, lapel, left and right open air, sleeve end straight robe. Dragon coat can only be taken for the Empress, Empress Dowager, Imperial Consort, Consort, Concubine. Empress of the court dress by the crown, robe, robe, robe, skirt and beads and other components. Dynasty robe made of bright yellow satin, divided into winter and summer two categories, the winter addition of sable edge. The basic style of the robe is by the collar, shoulder pads and robe body composition. The collar is also embroidered with dragons. Wear the robe must be matched with the robe, the robe is worn in the robe outside the dress, its style for the lapel, collarless, sleeveless, like an undershirt. It is also embroidered with dragon clouds and eight treasures and other patterns. Empress often dress style, and Manchu noblewomen dress is basically similar, round neck, lapel, collar, sleeves and lapel edge, are decorated with wide lace, just different patterns. The Qing Dynasty patch dress, patch Qing Dynasty patch dress, also known as "patch coat", for the collarless, lapel, its length is shorter than the robe, longer than the coat, before and after each embellished with a piece of patch, the Qing Dynasty patch is slightly smaller than the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty is the main one of the official dress, wearing the place and time is also more. Where the complementary clothing are stone green color. Patch is the main symbol of the distinction between the official grade. Round patch has the following kinds: Prince, dragon coat for stone green, embroidered five-clawed front gold dragon four groups, before and after the shoulders of a group, between the five-color cloud pattern. Prince, embroidered five-clawed dragon four groups, before and after the front dragon, two shoulders for the line dragon. County King, embroidered with four clusters of traveling dragons (one on each shoulder before and after). Beilei, embroidered with four-clawed positive python two groups (one in front and one in back). Beizi, embroidered with five-clawed rows of python two groups, (one each before and after). Top is an important distinction between the Qing officials grade identification, divided into two kinds of crowns and crowns with auspicious clothing. Crown top **** has three layers: on the pointed gem, in the ball-shaped pearl, under the metal base. Auspicious dress crown top is relatively simple, only the ball-shaped beads and metal base two parts, the base with gold, there are also copper, above the openwork pattern. Top bead color and material has a variety of, reflecting the grade of different officials, in accordance with Qing dynasty etiquette: a product of officials top bead with ruby, two with coral, three with sapphire, four with lapis lazuli, five with crystal, six with giant clams, seven with vegan gold, eight with the yin text openwork gold, nine with the yang text openwork gold. Top without beads, that is, no grade. If a Qing official breaks the law. In the dismissal of the official position at the same time, the top bead on the cap must be removed, said to have no official position. Qing dynasty men's official hat, hat, hat difference. Ceremony hat is commonly known as the "big hat", the system has two types: one for the winter, called the warm hat; one for the summer, called the cool hat. The shape of the warm hat, mostly round, around a brim, the material is mostly leather, but also useful tweed, satin and cloth, depending on the weather changes. The color is black as much. Fur and so there are different. Initially, the ermine is expensive, followed by the sea otter, again for the fox, and then the skin is not used. Because the sea otter is expensive, after the yellow wolf skin dyed black instead, called the sooty mouse, people scrambled to follow suit. During the Kangxi period, some places appeared a kind of shearling warm hat, color black quality fine, just like the rats. Because of such low prices, the general bachelor are happy to wear. Warm hat is also equipped with red cap weft in the middle, or silk system. The highest part of the hat, equipped with top beads, material more red, blue, white, gold and other colors of gemstones. Top bead is an important symbol of the distinction between the official position. According to the Qing dynasty etiquette: a product of officials with ruby top beads, two products with coral, three products with sapphire, four products with lapis lazuli, five products with crystal, six products with giant clams, seven products with vegetarian gold, eight products with the yin text skeletonization of gold, nine products of the yang text skeletonization of gold. Top without beads, that is, no grade. Qing Dynasty men's clothing mainly robe, coat, jacket, shirt, pants and so on. Gowns and coats are the most important dress. There is a line of coats, long as the waist, sleeves only cover the elbow, short clothes and short sleeves to facilitate horseback riding, so called "horse coat". The shape of the waistcoat for the placket, placket and lack of placket (pipa placket) of the difference. The lapel coat is often used as a gown. The large lapeled waistcoat is often used as a regular dress, usually worn outside the robe. The short-breasted (pipa-breasted) waistcoat is often used as traveling clothes. The coat is mostly short-sleeved, with wide and straight sleeves. Color in addition to yellow, generally more than one day green or green as a dress. Other dark red, light green, purple, dark blue, dark gray, etc. can be used as a regular dress. Xiapi is since the Song Dynasty women's life dress, with the level of grade and different. The original "mirror" quoted in the "name of the test" said: "this life outside the woman's clothes to weave a piece of text, before and after the length of their clothes, in the middle of the split and the front of the two open, in the back of the shoulder between, known as Xiapi." Ming Dynasty cape is this form. The Qing dynasty, inherited from the Ming dynasty system, to the phoenix crown, Xiapi. Qing Dynasty cape evolved into a broad undershirt, cape Xiapi under the colorful tassel Su, is the enjoined wife of the special dress. The middle of the patch, patch the embroidered sample case pattern, generally according to the rank of their husbands or sons, only the mother of the military officials, wives do not use animal prints and bird patterns. Cloud shoulders for women draped over the shoulders of the decorations. Five Dynasties already existed, for the four Ruyi shape. Women in the Ming Dynasty as a decoration on the dress. Qing Dynasty women also used in the wedding dress. In the late Qing Dynasty, women in Jiangnan wore low buns and were afraid that the shoulders of their clothes would be stained by the greasy buns, so they wore cloud shoulders on their shoulders. Noble women used cloud shoulder, exquisite production, some cut for the lotus shape, or knot line for tassel celluloid shape, around the hanging rows of beard. Undershirt, or called "undershirt", "shoulders" or "half-arm". Manchu women in the Qing Dynasty, the flag dress robes worn outside often covered with a vest, which is a very favorite attire of Manchu women. This vest and men's vest, also has a big lapel, a lapel, lapel and pipa lapel and other forms, the length of more to the waist, and decorated with lace. Before the Jiaqing and Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, Han women's clothing is still used in the Ming Dynasty clothing system, mainly in dresses and skirts. In the Qianlong period, the upper body with lace jacket, shirt, style is wider, the length is generally below the knee. After the Jia Dao, lace with the shirt tends to be narrower, the length is also significantly shorter. Some add a longer undershirt. In addition to wearing a skirt underneath, there are also wearing pants. The long jacket is characterized by wide lace in the collar and cuffs for decoration, and the width of the sleeves popular at different times is not the same, sometimes popular wide, sometimes popular narrow. Before the Jiaqing and Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, Han Chinese women's clothing still followed the Ming Dynasty clothing system, mainly in shirts and skirts. In the Qianlong period, the upper body with lace jacket, shirt, style is wider, the length is generally below the knee. After the Jia Dao, lace with the shirt tends to be narrower, the length is also significantly shorter. Some add a longer undershirt edge are decorated with lace. Lower body in addition to wearing a skirt, there are also wearing pants. The style of pants also changed, the first large pants, and then gradually changed to small pants, pants set with lace. From the Guangxu years, due to the popularity of pants, women wearing skirts gradually rare. Han Chinese women's clothing in the Qing Dynasty, "men from women do not follow" (that is, Han Chinese men are strictly required to comply with the Han Chinese clothing system, while women are relaxed) under the norms, the change is less than the men's clothing. Consorts, still inherited the Ming custom, with the phoenix crown, cape as a dress. Ordinary women wore cloaks and zori skirts. Cloak is a woman's coat in the Qing Dynasty, the role of men's coats similar to the system for the lapel, large sleeves, the length of the knee. Above the cloak, equipped with a low collar, embellished with various types of jewelry. Inside the cloak, there are large lapel, large jacket and small jacket, small jacket is a woman's intimate underwear, most of the color with red, peach, water red and so on. Women's underwear, mostly skirts, the color of red is expensive. Skirt style, the initial period still preserved the customs of the Ming Dynasty, there are phoenix-tailed skirt and moonlight skirt and so on. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, among ordinary women, also popular pants. Qing Dynasty jewelry types and styles are many, small shapes, a variety of materials, jade, lapis lazuli, gold embedded turquoise, sandalwood, platinum, aventurine enamel, coral, glass and other different materials. In addition there are a variety of embroidery small articles, among which there are scented bags, incense bags, fan sets, glasses box, strap, fire sickle bag, fasting cards and so on. These are hung on the waist of the Qing Dynasty jewelry, both men and women as a carry-on enjoyment of things, the late Qing Dynasty is particularly prevalent.
Reference:
The names of the patterns on ancient Chinese clothing, such as the cloud pattern, the phoenix pattern
The dragon and phoenix pattern: the walking dragon; the cloud dragon surrounded by clouds; the flying dragon that rises up in the air; the dragon that coils up into a circle; the Xianglong that has a frontal head; the Wanglong that has a lateral head; the head is in the upper and lower tail is called the ascending dragon; the tail is in the upper and lower head is the descending dragon. The head is on the top and the tail is on the bottom, and the tail is on the top and the head is on the bottom.
Animal Patterns: People often put their good wishes on the animal gods, in order to pray for peace, good luck and happiness.
Combined patterns: Wanji, Fangsheng, Ruyi head, back to the pattern, water waves, fire pattern, cloud pattern, lock pattern, curved water pattern, ancient money pattern, dense ring pattern, ring pattern, gold ingot pattern, snowflake brocade embroidery ball pattern, tortoise back pattern and so on.
Expanded:
Ancient dress ornamentation:
The dress ornamentation shows the hierarchy of feudal rites in a unique form of "marking". Wu Zetian embroidered robes given to the hundred officials, is based on bird and animal patterns, and decorative parts in the back of the front lapel. This practice has a certain degree of iconicity, it is directly to a tangible cultural symbols displayed in the clothing, so that it has a clear cultural characteristics of Chinese rituals.
Song Dynasty, the Song people by the influence of Cheng Zhu theory, burn gold jewelry, simple pattern clothes, in order to take the beauty of pure and simple and elegant, the women's attire also has a detailed and strict regulations, the dress system and the Song Dynasty Cheng Zhu theory point of view has an exceptionally close connection.
The dress of the Qing Dynasty is the peak of the development of China's clothing, clothing patterns at this time the role of decoration has reached the peak of the degree of excellence. During this period, clothing appeared a decoration called "patch" to "patch" pattern on behalf of the nobility of the official position, "patch" pattern difference reflects the strict hierarchy of the Qing Dynasty.