This quatrain is just 20 words, which vividly depicts the heroic image of Xiang Yu, and this poem is also the dividing line between the changes of Li Qingzhao's ci style before and after. It was also the turning point from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty. Before that, Jurchen rose between Baishan and Heishui and expanded rapidly. After the Liao Dynasty was destroyed, the Song Dynasty was destroyed in the south, and the land north of the Yellow River in the Song Dynasty was lost.
Because of the war, in order to avoid the enemy of the Jin people, the second trip to the south took place. Zhao Gou, the King of Kang, was the best choice after he was enthroned, and ran all the way south. Under his influence, a large number of literati, bureaucrats and people flocked to the south. Li Qingzhao and her husband Zhao Mingcheng were also one of the people who crossed the south this time.
After Nandu, Zhao Mingcheng became the magistrate of Jiangning. Later, there was a mutiny in Jiangning. Zhao Mingcheng rebelled against the city and fled. Li Qingzhao followed, just passing by the ancient Wujiang River, so he wrote this quatrain. The crowning touch of this quatrain lies in the last sentence, refusing to cross Jiangdong!
In other words, the reason why Li Qingzhao thinks that life is an outstanding person and death is a ghost male is that he refuses to cross Jiangdong. She compared the reality and remembered the ancients. The reality in front of her was that her husband abandoned the city and fled for his life, and the court ran all the way south, regardless of the lives of ordinary people or the destruction of the country. In the face of broken mountains and rivers and people's displacement, those in power only care about running for their lives and don't think about turning the tide.
Xiang Yu, on the other hand, after leading 8,000 Jiangdong children to break the Qin Dynasty, now only a dozen people are around, almost alone, ashamed and guilty in the face of his homeland separated by a river, and finally committed suicide. In sharp contrast with the kings of the Southern Song Dynasty, the defenders of the land either abandoned the city or surrendered, or swept through the soft and ran all the way south. What they usually said was nonsense.
As the saying goes, it is almost brave to be ashamed. It is precisely because of his shame that Xiang Yu committed suicide, even though he didn't think he was at fault. However, the rulers in power in the Southern Song Dynasty had no sense of shame at all, except running for their lives. Li Qingzhao praised Xiang Yu's sense of shame here, so he can be regarded as an outstanding person. The reason why Xiang Yu is ashamed, not the other, is that there is an idiom allusion:
Biography of Han Xiang Ji: "So Han Sheng said Yu Yue:" Guanzhong blocks mountains and brings rivers, and the land surrounded by four blockades is rich and fertile, but all of them are rich. " Yu saw that all the Qin palaces were burnt out, and he was homesick for returning to the east. He said, "If wealth does not return to his hometown, it will be like a night trip." Han Sheng said, "People say that Chu people are crowned by bathing monkeys, and it is true." Feathers smell it. Chop Han Sheng.
After Xiang Yu broke the seal of Qin Dynasty, a man named Han Sheng (or he was a scholar of South Korea or surnamed Han, called Han Sheng) advised him to make his capital in Guanzhong. As a result, Xiang Yu said that wealth did not return to his hometown, just like a night trip! This shows that Xiang Yu likes to go to his hometown when he is rich and prosperous, and of course he shows off. When he is down and out, he is unwilling to cross Jiangdong because of shame!
Therefore, the crooked history thinks that Xiang Yu is unwilling to cross Jiangdong because of shame, and Li Qingzhao also made this quatrain because he appreciated Xiang Yu's shame and satirized the fact that those in power at that time had no shame after death!