1, alias
Da feng vine, blowing the wind scattered, black Fangzhi, row of wind vine, green Fangzhi
2, source
This is the Fangzhi family of plants and Mao Qingteng vine dry vine stem. It is harvested in late fall and early winter, tied or cut into long sections, and dried in the sun.
3, flavor attribution
Bitter, pungent, flat. Attributed to the liver, spleen meridian.
4, Functions
Expel wind-dampness, open the meridians and facilitate urination. It is used for rheumatism and paralysis, joint swelling, paralysis and itching.
5, dosage
6~12g.
6, storage
Place in a dry place.
7, concoction
Remove impurities, slightly soaked, moistened, cut thick slices, dry.
8, Chinese medicine properties
This product is long cylindrical, often slightly curved, 20 ~ 70cm or longer, 0.5 ~ 2cm in diameter, the surface of the greenish-brown to brown, some gray-brown, with fine longitudinal lines and lenticels. The nodes are slightly expanded and branched. Light, hard and brittle, easy to break, uneven section, gray-yellow or light gray-brown, narrow cortex, xylem rays arranged in a radial pattern, pith yellowish white or yellowish brown. Slight gas, bitter flavor.
9, identification
(1) cross-section of the product: epidermal cells 1 column, was thick cuticle, some with cork cells. Cortex scattered fibers and stone cells. Middle column sheath fiber cluster crescent-shaped, its inner side is often 2-5 columns of stone cells, and tangential extension and rays in the stone cell cluster connected to form a ring. Vascular bundles externally tough. The bast rays are broadened outward, and conical or branched stone cells are seen; most of the bast cells are decadent, some with 1 to 3 fibers scattered on the outer side, and several rows of thin-walled cells on the inner side. Xylem ducts single scattered or several tangentially connected. The wall of the annulus medullaris is slightly thicker, and the pores are obvious. Thin-walled cells contain starch grains and calcium oxalate needle crystals. Powder yellow-brown or gray-brown. The epidermal cells are yellow or yellowish brown, orbicular or oblong in cross section, 24～78μm in diameter, covered with cuticle. Stone cells yellowish or yellow, square, pike, ellipsoid or irregular, with thicker walls and obvious pore grooves. Cortical fibers were yellowish or yellow, 27-70μm in diameter, with extremely thick walls and narrow cell cavities. Calcium oxalate needle crystals are tiny, present in the thin-walled cells.
(2) Take 2g of the powder, add 25ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue with 1ml of ethanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Take the control product of cymbopogonine, add ethanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml, as the control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VIB) test, absorb the above two solutions of 5μl, respectively, point in the same with 2% sodium hydroxide solution prepared on silica gel G thin layer plate, with toluene - ethyl acetate - methanol - water (2:4:2:1) 10 ℃ below the upper layer of the solution as an unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, dry, and then remove from the upper layer. Unfold, remove, dry, and spray with bismuth potassium iodide test solution and sodium nitrite ethanol test solution in turn. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control article, the spot of the same color.
10, content determination
Determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI D).
The chromatographic conditions and system suitability test with silica gel (diameter of about 5μm) as filler; methanol - ethylenediamine (100: 0.125) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength of 262nm. the theoretical number of plates calculated according to the peak of cymbalta alkaloids should not be less than 1500.
Preparation of the control solution Precisely weighed the appropriate amount of cymbalta alkaloids control, and added with methanol to make a solution of 0.5mg per 1ml, that is, obtained. Add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml, it is obtained.
The preparation of the test solution take the product powder (sieve No. 3) 0.5g, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, precision addition of 70% ethanol 20ml, tightly stoppered, weighing, ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 20kHz) for 20 minutes, cooled, and then weighing, 70% ethanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, filtration, and then take the filtrate, i.e., obtained.
Determination method, respectively, precise pipetting control solution and test solution of 10μl, injected into the liquid chromatograph, measurement, that is obtained.
This product contains C19H23NO4 (C19H23NO4) shall not be less than 0.50%.
The efficacy of Qingfengteng - * Dictionary
11, source
For the vine of the plant Qingteng, Hua Fangji, family Fangji, or Qingfengteng, family Qingfengteng, and so on. Green vine and Hua Fangji summer, fall pick cut vine stems, sun-dried, or moist through the cut section, sun-dried. Qingfeng vine fall and winter picking old vine, cut section, sun-dried.
12, native form
①Green vine, also known as: big leaf green vine, earth wood, earth vine, big green wood, rock see sad, row wind vine.
Deciduous twining vine. Stem woody, branches green, smooth, with longitudinal stripes. Leaves alternate, petiole 5-10 cm long; leaf blade suborbicular or ovate-orbicular, 6-12 cm long, 4-12 cm wide, base slightly cordate or subtruncate, entire or 5-7-lobed, smooth and green above, pale white below. Flowers small, unisexual, dioecious; panicles, 10 to 18 cm long, ± hairy; male flowers with 6 segments of calyx, yellow, 1.8 to 2.5 mm long, outside hairy; petals 6 segments, light green; 9 to 12 stamens, ca. 1.6 mm long; the perianth of the female flowers is the same as that of the male flowers; with 9 staminodes; carpels 3, styles retrorsely, stigmas lobed. Drupe, black, 5-7 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, endocarp flattened. Seeds semilunar. Fl. June-July. Born in mountainous areas. Distributed in Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Shaanxi.
②Hua Fang Ji, also known as: Xiang Fang Ji, over the mountain dragon, through the mountain vine, scale hook wind.
Woody vine, up to 10 meters long, all glabrous. Branches green or purple-brown, with fine lines. Leaves alternate, broadly ovate to suborbicular, 5 to 10 centimeters long, 7 to 12 centimeters wide, apex pointed; entire, base truncate, rounded or slightly cordate, basal veins 5; petiole 4 to 8 centimeters long. Cymes axillary; flowers small, unisexual, green or yellow; sepals 6, elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm; petals 6, suborbicular, ca. 1.5 mm; male flowers with stamens 6, filaments ca. 2 mm, anthers globose; female flowers with staminodes 6, ovary superior, carpels 3, separated. Fruit a small drupe. Mountain slopes in forest margin thickets. Distributed in Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi.
③Clean wind vine
Deciduous twining vine. Young branches flexuous, hirsute. Leaves alternate; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 5-7 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, apex mucronate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, entire, both surfaces smooth and glabrous, malarious; after deciduous, petiole bases remain on the branches as short spines, apices slightly dichotomous. Flowers solitary or several clustered in leaf axils, with several scales below, opening before leaves; flowers yellow, 5-6 mm in diameter; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5, obovate-elliptic; stamens 5, shorter than petals; ovary with 5-cuspidate discs at base, styles conical. Drupe y divided, into 2 parallel schizocarps, schizocarp compressed, obovate, ripe spathe dark turquoise. Flowering March. Fruiting May. Born on mountain slopes by roadsides, under forests, in thickets by streams. Distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, and other places.
13, traditional Chinese medicine properties
①The dried vine stem is slender cylindrical, 5-20 mm in diameter, gray-brown or brownish-brown in appearance, with longitudinal wrinkles and transverse lenticels, and the nodes are enlarged. Light, firm and brittle, easy to break, gray-yellow or light gray-brown cross-section, uneven, cross-section of the bast is very narrow, xylem ducts and rays arranged in a radial pattern, the ducts are larger, the center of the rounded pith. Weak gas, bitter flavor. Produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei and other places.
②The dried vine stem of Hua Fangji is cylindrical, 10-30 centimeters long. Surface gray-brown, with irregular grooves, cracks and scars. The texture is extremely hard, not easy to break. Cut surface conduit obvious, vascular bundles are radial, and show clear multi-layer ring, generally 2 to 7 circles, eccentricity. Gas faint, taste slightly bitter. Produced in Hunan.
③The dried old vine of Qingfeng vine is cylindrical, gray-black, smooth, with longitudinal wrinkles and petiole residues on the exterior. Transverse section of the cortex is thin, gray-black, yellow-white xylem, rays are not obvious. Taste slightly bitter. Produced in Zhejiang.
The original plant, "Materia Medica" records briefly, it is difficult to determine what kind of, according to the current situation of medicinal use, mainly for the above mentioned Fangzhi family of green vine. In addition, the Sichuan used for the plant Fangji family wood Fangji stems (see "green sandalwood" article); used in Fujian for the plant Cissus family chicken yatou stems (see "chicken yatou" article); Zhejiang is still used for the plant Wujiajiajiajie ivy stems (see "ivy" article).
14, chemical composition
The stems and roots of Cynanchum contains cynanchine, bis-cynanchine, magnoflorine, cynanchine, tetrahydroepi-berberine, isocyanchine, tudoranine, cynanchine, dl-butylresinol, cetanoic acid methyl ester, N-desmethyl cynanchine, magnoflorine, light cynanchine. It also contains β-sitosterol, soy sterol. The stems of the green vine contain a variety of alkaloids such as clematidine A.
15, pharmacological effects
Effects on the nervous system
(1) analgesic effect: cymbopogonine in the mouse electrical stimulation method, hot plate method and rabbits in the light of thermal stimulation method of the test, have proved to have a definite analgesic effect. Intracerebral injection of the dose required to produce analgesia, equivalent to intraperitoneal injection of 1/2000, indicating that its analgesic effect in the central nervous system; it and propylmorphine combined, and does not appear antagonistic, but rather synergistic, indicating that the principle of analgesia and morphine analgesic drugs are different. The dose required to produce analgesia is about 10 times that of morphine, and the duration is shorter. Continuous application can also produce tolerance, but more slowly than morphine, and there is no cross-tolerance with morphine. In combination with promethazine, the effect is enhanced, mainly due to the synergistic central action of the two drugs, and possibly also partly due to the fact that promethazine counteracts the release of histamine from cynarine. The combination has no effect on the development of tolerance or toxicity to cymbalta.
(2) sedative effect: cymbalta alkaloids significantly reduce the spontaneous activity and passive activity of mice, barbiturates sleep time and no significant effect; on the strychnine has some antagonistic effect (lower strychnine on the convulsive threshold of mice), but can not oppose pentamethylene tetrazolium. Dogs and monkeys also have significant sedative effects with oral administration of 45～95 mg/kg of cytisine. Small doses (5 ~ 10 mg / kg) that can prolong the latency of defensive motor conditioned reflexes in mice and cats, conditioned reflexes partially disappeared, followed by a small portion of the unconditioned reflexes also disappeared, suggesting that it first of all is the excitatory process of the higher nervous activity of the inhibitory effect. It can eliminate the "anger" reaction caused by electrical stimulation in mice, which seems to have a stabilizing effect.
(3) other effects: cymbalta alkaloids have cough-suppressing effect on mice and cats, its cough suppressing effect is similar to codeine; on guinea pigs, its effect is only codeine 1/4. isoprinosine can strengthen its cough-suppressing effect. In addition, slightly emetic effect, no effect on the vomiting caused by injection of dehydromorphine. When injected intraperitoneally into rats in large doses, it has a certain cooling effect. When rabbits are injected with a toxic amount, the body temperature also decreases, but if given repeatedly, it can produce tolerance and the body temperature no longer decreases. It is reported that it has local anesthetic effect on the cornea of rabbits, and can be used as a local infiltration anesthetic, but it can also produce tolerance, such as continuous injection, the effect is weakened.
Antihypertensive effect
The total alkaloid of Cymbopogon flexuosus has a definite acute antihypertensive effect on anesthetized or unanesthetized experimental animals (dogs, cats, rabbits, and rats), no matter it is injected intravenously or by gavage, and the effect is rapid, significant and long-lasting, but if it is given for several times in a row, then it will produce a rapid tolerance. The antihypertensive effect is not related to M-cholinergic nerves or acetylcholine, nor is it caused by histamine release, but may be related to its anti-adrenergic and neurological reflex effects. Because of these antihypertensive properties, it has no significant therapeutic effect on chronic experimental hypertension in dogs. The acidic extract of Cymbopogon flexuosus also did not affect blood pressure in an acute test in rabbits.
Effects on gastrointestinal activity
Crocetin often has mild gastrointestinal adverse reactions when given orally to dogs and monkeys; it has an inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit intestines and guinea-pig intestines, and it can antagonize the spasmogenic effects of trichothecenes, histamine, acetylcholine, and barium chloride; however, on the incumbent canine and rabbit intestines, intravenous injection of crocetin causes temporary excitation of the small intestine, and this excitatory effect can be completely blocked by diphenhydramine, hexahydrocarbons, quaternary ammonium, and atropine. quaternary ammonium completely blocked, and completely or partially blocked by atropine, but not by severing the bilateral vagus nerve. Injection of cytarabine increased the secretion of gastric juice and its acidity, with no significant change in pepsin activity. The excitatory effect on the gastrointestinal tract is mainly related to histamine release. However, administration of neoantacin (antihistamine) failed to inhibit gastric juice secretion. An acidic extract of Cymbopogon flexuosus excites the isolated rabbit intestine.
Anti-inflammatory effect
The alkaloid of cymbopogon flexuosus has a significant effect on formaldehyde and egg white "arthritis" in rats, which is not found in adrenal gland or pituitary gland after removing the adrenal gland. For normal rats, can reduce the content of vitamin C in the adrenal gland, in pentobarbital (can inhibit the hypothalamus) anesthesia, that is, lose this effect, so the principle of anti-inflammatory effect of cymbidium alkaloids may be through the hypothalamus affects the pituitary - adrenal system caused by the release of histamine has nothing to do with. It has preventive effect on active anaphylaxis in guinea pigs, but it is worse in dogs. Simultaneous application with antigen inhibits histamine release from antigen. It also has an inhibitory effect on Trichomonas and Plasmodium.
16, Usage and dosage
Internally, decoction, 3 to 5 qian; soaked in wine or boiled in paste. External use: decoction of water to wash.
17, with the prescription
① treatment of all the wind: the green vine in February, March picking, do not worry about how much, into the kettle, simmering for seven days and nights, into the paste, into the porcelain bottle. When using the first three or five comb, measure the person's strengths and weaknesses, to serve a teaspoon of wine, will be affected by a slap on the body, and then itch all over the body can not be when the comb comb in a hurry. To stop the itching, drink cold water - mouth will be solved. Avoid the wind for a few days. ("lakes set of simple formula" green vine cream)
② treatment of bone joints wind pain: large green woodruff roots or stems and leaves in appropriate quantities, decoction of water often wash the pain. (Guizhou folk medicine)
18, the discussion
① "Materia Medica Hui Yan": "clear wind vine, wind and cold paralysis of the drug is also able to relieve tendons and activate the blood, bone marrow, so the wind disease weakness and strong partiality of the evidence, often served for a long time, the construction of a great miracle. Must be combined with angelica, wolfberry good."
② "Materia Medica read": "Where the genus of vines, all can pass into the meridian, this thing is good for wind disease, so all the calendar section of the paralysis are treated, soaked in wine is particularly good. To the wind qi through the liver, so into the liver, wind over dampness, dampness and through the spleen also."
19, flavor
Bitter, flat.
①The Materia Medica Handy Reading: "Bitter, flat."
② "Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain medicinal plant Zhi": "Bitter and pungent, cold."
20, Functions
Expel wind-dampness, facilitate urination. Treating wind-dampness paralyzing pain, crane's knee wind, edema, foot fungus.
①Ben Cao Tu Jing: "Treating wind."
② "Compendium": "treatment of rheumatism and rheumatism flow injection, the joints crane knee, paralysis, itching, injury sores and swellings, into the wine medicine with."
③ "Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain medicine plant": "water diuretic, diarrhea of the lower blood of dampness and heat. Treating wind edema, foot fungus, rheumatic joint pain, crooked mouth and eyes, carbuncle and malignant sores."
4 Chinese Medicinal Plant Journal: "Removing dampness, dispelling wind, moving qi and inducing diuresis. It treats bladder edema, wind swelling, and wet swelling of the feet."
⑤ Wenling County Drug Resource Directory: "Expelling wind-dampness, opening the meridians. Treating wind-cold and damp paralysis, crane's knee wind, swollen and painful limbs."
21, how to use
Qingfengteng can treat wind-dampness paralysis: take three taels of Qingtengteng root, one taels of Fangji, decocted with wine; Qingfengteng, Hongteng 15 grams, respectively, boiled with water, need to be taken when swallowed with wine.
Green wind vine can also treat all wind pain: green vine in February and March began to collect, with the right amount of green wind vine with water and decoction for seven days and seven nights, and so on to form a paste, with a porcelain bottle. When you want to use it, take a spoonful and take it with wine. Qingfengteng Huangqi black bean does have some relief for back pain, and also for problems that occur with the sciatic nerve. But for the treatment of lumbar disc can only relieve, not cure.