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English pronunciation rules
1. The pronunciation of vowels in stressed syllables
The vowels Sound letters
Pronunciation
Example words
a
In open syllables
[ei]
[ei]
p>
name plane Jane baby cake
In closed syllables
[ ]
bag dad hat map black back
e
In open syllables
[i:]
he these me Chinese
In closed syllables
[e]
bed let pen desk yes egg
i
in the open syllable
[ai]
bike fly drive time nice kite
In closed syllables
[i]
fish big drink sit milk swim
o
In open syllables
[Eu]
those close go hoe home no
In closed syllables
[C]
clock not box shop sock
u
in the open syllable
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
In closed syllables
[Q]
bus cup jump much lunch
In an open syllable, the vowel letter u is pronounced [u:] after the consonant letter j l r s, for example: June blue ruler super
2. The pronunciation of the vowel letter in unstressed syllables
Vowels
Pronunciation
Examples
a
[E]
China another woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
[E]
hundred student open weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[E]/[i]
holiday beautiful family animal
[ai]
exercise satellite
o
[E]
second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu]
also zero photo
u
[E]
autumn diffcult
[ju：]
popular congratulation January
If a in the verb is in the open syllable position, a is pronounced [ei], for example: operate
>
When u is in the open syllable position and is behind the consonant letters j l r s, the sound [u(:)] is pronounced, for example: July influence February issue
Three, the vowel letter is in the stressed syllable Special pronunciation
Vowel letters
Pronunciation
Example words
a comes after the [w] sound
[C]
want what watch wash quality
a in front of f n sk ph sp ss st th
[a:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i in front of -nd -ld and gh
[ai]
find child light high
o before -st -ld
[Eu]
most postcard old cold
o before m n v th
[Q]
come monkey love mother
Four, the pronunciation of the -r syllable vowel group in stressed syllables
The vowel group
Pronunciation
Examples
ar
ar comes after the [w] sound
[a:]
car farm dark sharpener
[C：]
warm quarter towards
or
or after the [w] sound
[C:]
forty morning short
[E:]
word worker worse
er ir ur
[E:]
certainly bird Thursday
When the consonant letter r is doubled, the preceding vowel letter cannot form a -r syllable with r, and It is pronounced according to the spelling rules of stressed closed syllables. For example: carry sorry hurry
-r syllables are usually pronounced [E] in unstressed syllables, for example: dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
Five, the pronunciation of the -re syllable vowel group in stressed syllables
The vowel group
The pronunciation
Example words
are
[a:E]
care dare hare
ere
[iE]
here mere
ire
[aiE]
fire hire wire
ore
[C:]
more score before
ure
[ju:E]
pure cure
are ere ire ore rarely appears In unstressed syllables, ure is pronounced as [E] sound in unstressed syllables, for example: picture pleasure
The stressed vowel letter plus Rr, and when adding the unstressed vowel group, the stressed vowel letter should be According to the -re syllable spelling rules, the letter Rr is pronounced as [r].
For example: parent zero story during inspiri
ng
Some commonly used words and multi-syllable words often have long sounds shortened.
For example: orange very American paragraph
Six, vowel groups in Pronunciation in stressed syllables
Vowel groups
Pronunciation
Example words
ai/ay
[ ei]
afraid rain wait day play
air
[aiE]
air hair chair pair repair
al in front of f m
[C]
small ball talk wall all
[C：l]
always also salt almost bald
[a:]
half calm
au/aw
[C:]
autumn daughter draw
ea
[i：]
teach easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[iE]
hear dear near clear year
[εE]
bear pear wear
[E：]
earth learn early
ee
[i:]
jeep week green three
eer
[iE]
pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei]
eight neighbor they
[i：]
either key
eu/ew after
j l r s
[ju:]
new few newspaper
[ u：]
flew brew
After the ie/ei[s] sound
[i：]
piece field receive
p>
oa
[Eu]
coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor
[C:]
roar board door floor
oi/oy
[Ci]
noise point boy toilet
oo
oo
[Ci] p>
[u：]
broom food tooth school
[u]
book look cook foot good
ou /ow
[au]
flower house count down
[Eu]
know row throw though
[Q]
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup
our
[C:]
course your four
[auE]
our hour ours
[C：]
journey
ui
After j l r s
[ju:i]
fluid suicide tuition
[u:]
juice fruit suit
7. The pronunciation of vowel groups and word groups in unstressed syllables
The pronunciation of vowel groups or word groups
Pronunciation
Examples
ai/ay ei/ey
[i]
Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[Eu]
yellow sparrow tomorrow
The vowel group is pronounced [E] or [i] in unstressed syllables.
For example: neighbor serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[Fn]
impression nation
-sion after the vowel
p>[Vn]
vision decision occasion
-tion after s
[tFE n]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen
-stle
[sl]
whistle
-sure
[VE]
pleasure measure
-ture
[tFE ]
picture culture
8. The pronunciation of metacharacter groups in unstressed syllables of compound words
The second part of compound words is not marked with accents, but among them The vowels or vowel groups are still spelled according to the spelling rules of stressed syllables.
For example:
everyday[ei]
handbag[ ]
p>
blackboard[C:]
With the development of language, the two parts of some words have lost their separate meaning and merged into one word. The unstressed part should be read as unstressed The pronunciation rules of syllables are pronounced.
For example:
sun sun day[ei] day gt; Sunday[i] Sunday
holy holy day[ei] day gt; holiday[i] holiday
break break fast[a:] fasting gt; breakfast[E] breakfast
cup teacup board board[C:] gt; cupboard[E] Cupboard
Nine, the pronunciation of the auxiliary word group
The pronunciation of the auxiliary word group
Example words
b
[b]
bike bus bag
[/]
bomb tomb
c
c before e or before i/y
[k]
cake picture coat music
[s]
face decide cinema
ch
[tF]
much chick rich teacher
[k]
school headache chemistry
[F]
machine
-ck
[ k]
cock pocket black knock
d
[d]
doctor bread hand day
- dge
[dV]
bridge fridge
dr-
[dr]
children driver drink
f
[f]
five four breakfast
g
g before e i/y
p>[^]
bag gardon go
[dV]
orange large German
gh
[f]
cough enough
[/]
light daughter high
gu- -gue
gu in unstressed syllables
[^]
guess league dialogue
[^w]
language anguish
h
[h]
hot head house hand
[/]
hour honest
j
[dV]
jeep jar joke join July
k
[k]
kind bike skate make week
kn-
[n]
knife know knock
l
[l]
life milk school tall
m
[m]
monkey come autumn
-mn
[m]
autumn column
n
n before [k] [g] sound
[n]
not shine ten note
[N]
uncle thank hungry
-ng
[N]
morning young wrong
p
[p]
paper plane pig ship pen
ph
[f]
elephant photo telephone
q
[k
]
Iraq
qu-
[kw]
quality quite
r
[r]
red rubber ruler
s at the beginning of a word or before a voiceless consonant
between vowels or before a voiced consonant
[s]
sit sleep desk
[z]
music husband
sc-
[ sk]
scarlet
[s]
muscle science
sh
[F]
she fish shirt wash
t in normal circumstances
before the weak letters ia ie io
[t]
ten letter meet
[F]
patient nation
tch
[tF]
watch
Th in normal situations
In articles, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions
In the ending -the -ther
[θ]
thin thirty method
[T]
these with than
[T]
clothe father weather
tr-
[tr]
tree train country truck
v
[v]
very voice love leave
w
[w]
week win wake sweet wait
[/]
answer two
wh-
wh- before the letter o
[w]
what when white why
[h]
who whose whole
x
before the stressed vowel
[ ks]
box text exercise
[gz]
examle exist exact
wr-
[r ]
write
y-
[j]
yes yard yellow young
z
[z]
puzzle zero zoo
Stressed syllables are particularly loud syllables in words. Use phonetic symbols to mark the pronunciation of disyllabic and multi-syllable words. Stress should be used Symbol. Most monosyllabic words have stressed syllables, and there is no need to use stress symbols when marking pronunciation.
Open syllable ① Absolutely open syllable: a single vowel letter followed by a stressed syllable with no auxiliary word group. For example: no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
② Relative open syllable: a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter, plus a stressed syllable composed of a silent letter e. For example: name these bike home ex-cuse.
A single vowel in a closed syllable is followed by an auxiliary word group
Stressed syllables (except r w y) that end with a auxiliary word group. For example: bag egg fish not cup
Stress rules for multi-syllable words Multi-syllable words are usually stressed on the third to last syllable.
For example: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion
Words with -ic or -tion, -sion at the end of the word, the one before -ic or -sion, -tion Stress on syllables. For example: scien tific im pression nation
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