chì sháo
2 英文(芍) sháo 2 English Referenceradices paeoniae rubra [朗道汉英字典]
paeoniae radix [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
paeoniae rubra radix [湘雅医学专业词典]
red peony root [ Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
PAEONIAE RADIX RUBRA [《中华人民****和國药典》（2010年版）]/
Radix Paeoniae Rubra (拉)[Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Validation Committee. Chinese Medicine Nomenclature (2004)]
peony root [Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Validation Committee. Chinese Medicine Nomenclature (2004)]
3 OverviewPeony is the name of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Paeonia veitchii Lynch of the buttercup family [1]. It is cylindrical, slightly curved and quarrelsome, 5-40cm long, 0.5-3cm in diameter, with a brownish-brown surface, rough, longitudinal grooves and wrinkles, and with fibrous root scars and transverse long dermatomammillae-like protrusions, and some of the outer skin is easy to fall off. Hard and brittle, easy to break, cross-section pinkish white or pink, narrow cortex, wood radial texture obvious, some have fissures. Gas slightly fragrant, taste slightly bitter, sour and astringent.
Red peony is bitter in flavor and slightly cold in nature[1]. It belongs to the liver meridian [1]. It has the function of clearing heat and cooling blood, dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain [1]. It is used in treating heat entering the camp and blood, warm poisonous spots, hematemesis, epistaxis, eye redness and swelling pain, liver depression and dystocia, menstrual dysmenorrhea, obstruction of the masses and abdominal pain, bruises, carbuncle, swollen sores and ulcers. Raw red peony is superior in clearing heat and cooling the blood, and is mostly used for fever and hemorrhage of plague disease in which heat enters the blood, eye redness and swelling pain, and carbuncle, swelling and sores [1]. Stir-fried red peony is mild in nature, activating blood circulation and relieving pain without being cold, so it can be used for stagnation and pain, and is often combined with Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Angelica dahurica, Angelica sinensis, and safflower to treat stagnant blood pain in head trauma [1]. Wine red peony to promote blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis, clearing heat and cooling blood effect is very weak, mostly used for amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea, bruises, often used in conjunction with Angelica sinensis, dog spine, natural copper, etc. [1].
The Chinese People's **** and National Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) recorded the pharmacopoeial standard of this Chinese medicine.
4 Latin nameRadix Paeoniae Rubra (拉) (Nomenclature of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004))
5 English namepeony root (Nomenclature of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004))
6 Prescriptive name of red peony赤芍, 赤芍药,炒赤芍, 酒赤芍[1].
7 Origin of Red PeonyRed peony is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Sichuan peony Paeonia veitchii Lynch of the buttercup family [1].
8 Harvesting and primary processing of Paeonia lactifloraHarvested in spring and fall, remove the rhizome, fibrous roots and sediment, and dry in the sun [1].
9 Red peony drug propertiesRed peony is cylindrical, slightly curved quarrel, 5 ~ 40cm long, 0.5 ~ 3cm in diameter, the surface brown, rough, with longitudinal grooves and wrinkles, and there are fibrous root scars and long transverse dermatomal milk-like protuberances, and some of the outer skin is easy to fall off. Hard and brittle, easy to break, cross-section pinkish white or pink, narrow cortex, wood radial texture obvious, some have fissures. Gas slightly fragrant, taste slightly bitter, sour and astringent.
10 The concoction of red peonyIn the Tang Dynasty, there was wine soaked overnight ("Immortal authorized to treat injuries and continue the secret formula") [1].
In the Song Dynasty, there were burnt ashes ("Taiping Shenghui Fang"), roasted ("Hong's Collection of Examination and Inspection Formulas"), fried ("School Notes on Women's Good Prescriptions"), boiled ("Hundred Questions on Women's Science"), etc. [1].
The Yuan Dynasty, "slop soaked in oil, with Sichuan pepper, onion white boiled to black, roasted" ("Shi doctor to get the effect of the formula"), simmering method ("Danxi Xinfa") [1].
Ming Dynasty, there is wine fried (Jingyue quanquan), and that raw "can be diarrhea can be dispersed" (Mengchuan) [1].
In the Qing Dynasty, it was washed in wine ("Surgery Dacheng"), steamed in honey ("Materia Medica Hook Yuan"), and fried in vinegar ("Materia Medica Preparation") [1]. It is also proposed that "nowadays people use it raw, but to avoid the cold in wine to fry, into the woman's blood medicine to vinegar to fry" ("Materia Medica Hook Yuan") [1].
Nowadays, the main concoctions are stir-frying and wine-frying [1].
10.1 Concoctions of Radix Paeoniae Alba 10.1.1 Radix Paeoniae AlbaTake the original herbs, remove impurities, separate the sizes, wash, moisten, cut thick slices, dry, and sieve off the debris [1].
10.1.2 Sautéed red peonyTake clean red peony slices, put them in a frying container, heated with a gentle fire, fry until the color deepens, take out and cool, sieve off the debris [1].
10.1.3 Red peony in wineTake clean red peony slices, add yellow wine and mix well, slightly smothered, until the wine is absorbed, placed in the frying container, heated with moderate heat, fried until slightly yellow, removed to cool, sieve off the debris [1].
Per 100kg of red peony tablets, with 12kg of yellow wine [1].
10.2 Product propertiesRed peony is a thick circular tablet[1]. The surface is pinkish-white or pink, with radial texture in the center, narrow skin, and gray-brown periphery[1]. The texture is hard and brittle [1]. Taste slightly bitter [1].
Sautéed red peony deepened in color, occasionally with scorched spots [1].
Wine red peony yellowish, slightly wine smell [1].
10.3 Quality requirementsThis product contains paeoniflorin (C23H28O11) not less than 1.8% [1]. Red peony tablets containing paeoniflorin shall not be less than 1.5% [1].
10.4 ConcoctionRed peony raw to clear heat and cool the blood is superior [1]. Mostly used for plague heat into the blood component of the body heat bleeding, eye red swelling pain, carbuncle sores [1]. Such as the treatment of sores, swelling and pain of the immortal formula of the living life drink ("school note women's prescription") and the treatment of eyes red, swollen, tearing, burning pain to dispel wind and eliminate red powder ("Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine") [1].
Fried red peony is mild in nature, activates blood circulation and relieves pain without chilling the center, and can be used for stagnant pain [1]. It is often combined with Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Angelica dahurica, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and Saffron to treat stagnant blood pain in head trauma [1].
Red peony in wine to activate blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis, clearing heat and cooling blood effect is very weak [1]. It is mostly used for amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea, bruises and injuries, and is often used in combination with angelica, dog spine and natural copper [1].
10.5 Concoction studiesRed peony mainly contains monoterpenes, such as paeoniflorin, paeoniflorin lactone glycosides, oxidized paeoniflorin, etc. [1].
A study was conducted on whether or not red peony was peeled, and it was concluded that paeoniflorin was reduced after peeling, with the skin containing 2.54% and the pith containing only 1.77% [1]. The opposite is true for white peony, which has a higher content in the xylem than in the skin [1]. Another study concluded that the gallic acid content increased with the prolongation of wine-roasting time, and the d-catechin content decreased[1].
10.6 Storagestored in dry containers, airtight, in a ventilated dry place [1].
11 Characteristics of Paeonia lactifloraPaeonia lactiflora is bitter in flavor and slightly cold in nature [1]. It belongs to the liver meridian [1].
12 Effects and Indications of Red PeonyRed peony has the function of clearing heat and cooling blood, dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain [1]. It is used in treating heat entering the camp blood, warm poisonous spots, epistaxis, eye redness and swelling pain, liver depression and dystocia, menstrual dysmenorrhea, obstruction of the masses and abdominal pain, bruises and injuries, carbuncles, swellings, sores and ulcers (Chinese People's Pharmacopoeia (2010 ed.)).
Red peony raw to clear heat and cool the blood is winning [1]. Mostly used for plague heat into the blood component of the body heat bleeding, eye redness and swelling pain, carbuncle sores and poison [1]. Such as the treatment of sores, swelling and pain of the immortal formula to live life drink ("school note women's prescription"), and the treatment of eyes red, swollen, tearing, burning pain to dispel the wind and eliminate the red powder ("Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine") [1].
Fried red peony is mild in nature, activates blood circulation and relieves pain without chilling the center, and can be used for stagnant pain [1]. It is often combined with Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Angelica dahurica, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and Saffron to treat stagnant blood pain in head trauma [1].
Red peony in wine to activate blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis, clearing heat and cooling blood effect is very weak [1]. Mostly used for amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea, bruises, often used in conjunction with angelica, dog spine, natural copper, etc. [1].
Red peony is commonly used in ophthalmology to clear heat and cool the blood, with the efficacy of clearing heat and cooling the blood, dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain:
(1) used for all kinds of intraocular hemorrhage caused by fire-heat inflammation, blood-heat delusional, bleeding in the white eyes, overflow of blood and so on. It is often used in combination with Dihuang and Mudanpi.
(2) Used for sores on the eyelids, blood stasis in the eyes and trauma. This product can cool the blood and activate blood circulation, dissipate blood stasis and relieve pain.
13 Pharmacopoeia standard of Paeonia lactiflora 13.1 NamePaeonia lactiflora
Chishao
PAEONIAE RADIX RUBRA
13.2 SourceIt is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Lynch's dried root. It is extracted in spring and fall, and the rhizome, fibrous roots and sand are removed and dried in the sun.
13.3 PropertiesThe product is cylindrical, slightly curved quarrel, 5-40cm long, 0.5-3cm in diameter, the surface is brown, rough, with longitudinal grooves and wrinkles, and there are whisker scars and long transverse dermatomammillae-like protrusions, and some of the outer skin is easy to fall off. Hard and brittle, easy to break, cross-section pinkish white or pink, narrow cortex, wood radial texture obvious, some have fissures. Gas slightly fragrant, taste slightly bitter, sour and astringent.
13.4 Identification(1) cross-section of the product: cork layer of several columns of brown cells. The thin-walled cells of the inner layer of the cork are tangentially prolonged. The phloem is narrow. The formation of the layer into a ring. Xylem rays are wider, and the conduit groups are arranged radially, with wood fibers beside the conduit. Thin-walled cells contain calcium oxalate clusters and starch grains.
(2) Take 0.5g of powder, add 10ml of ethanol, shake for 5 minutes, filter, filtrate evaporation, residue with 2ml of ethanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Another take paeoniflorin control, add ethanol to make a solution containing 2mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VIB) test, absorb the above two solutions of 4μl, respectively, on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, trichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, formic acid (40:5:10:0.2) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, heated until the spots show clear color. The test chromatogram, in the corresponding position with the control chromatogram, the same blue-purple spots.
13.5 Content determinationDetermined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI D).
13.5.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability testOctadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as filler; methanol 0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (40:65) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength of 230 nm. the theoretical number of plates according to the paeoniflorin peaks should not be less than 3000.
13.5.2 Preparation of the control solutionThe control product was taken through the
Take the paeoniflorin control product dried by phosphorus pentoxide decompression desiccator for 36 hours, weigh it precisely, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml, that is, obtained.
13.5.3 Preparation of test solutionTake about 0.5g of crude powder, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, precision add 25ml of methanol, weighing, immersed for 4 hours, ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, cooled, and then weighing, methanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, filtration, and then filtrate, i.e., obtained.
13.5.4 DeterminationPrecisely aspirate 10 μl of each of the control solution and test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, determination, that is, obtained.
This product contains paeoniflorin (C23H28011) not less than 1.8%.
13.6 Red peony tablets 13.6.1 ConcoctionRemove impurities, separate the size, wash, moisten, cut thick slices, dry.
This product is a kind of round slices, the outer epidermis Sterculia brown. Cutting flour-white or pink, narrow cortex, wood radial texture obvious, some have fissures.
13.6.2 Content determinationThe same herb, containing paeoniflorin (C23H28011) shall not be less than 1.5%.
13.6.3 IdentificationSame as the herb.
13.6.4 Flavor and attributionBitter, slightly cold. Attributed to the liver meridian.
13.6.5 Functions and IndicationsClearing heat and cooling blood, dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain. Used for heat entering the camp blood, warm poisonous spots, epistaxis, hematemesis, eye redness and swelling pain, liver depression and dystocia, menstrual dysmenorrhea, obstruction of the masses and abdominal pain, bruises, carbuncle, swollen sores and ulcers.
13.6.6 Method of Use and Dosage6～12g.
13.6.7 CautionNot to be used with veratrum.
13.6.8 StorageIn a ventilated and dry place.
13.7 Provenance