Wang Changling
The cold rain entered Wu at night,
Pingming Fujian Chu Shan Gu.
If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other,
A piece of ice is in the jade pot.
[Notes]
1.Furong Building: the tower of Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Xin Xian: A friend of the author.
2. Cold and rainy rivers: Runzhou is on the Yangtze River. It rained cold on the Yangtze River at night. Wu: In the Spring and Autumn Period.
Wu is in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so it is called Wu.
3. Pingming: Early morning. Chushan: Chu was in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it was called Chushan.
4. Luoyang: Today, Luoyang, Henan Province is the place where Xin gradually went.
5. Bing Xin: a metaphor for the purity of the heart. Jade pot: ice is in the jade pot, which further symbolizes people's honesty and integrity.
[explanation]
After a night of cold rain, the poet said goodbye to his friends in the Furong Building. At this time, only the morning light reflected the distant mountains.
He told his friends that if relatives and friends from far away ask about me, please convey my honest mind to them.
[Appreciation]
Unlike ordinary farewell poems, this poem tries to express deep attachment to friends, but focuses on its own pure feelings and noble aspirations. At that time, Xin gradually, a friend of the poet, was about to go north to Luoyang via Yangzhou. The poet who is working in Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) personally sent him to Runzhou to bid farewell to him at the Northwest Tower (namely "Furong Tower") and wrote this poem. "Cold rain enters Wu at night, seeing visitors off in plain and clear, leaving Chu Mountain alone", cold night rain, surging river, and even hazy distant mountains are lonely, which sets off the poet's feeling of farewell to his friends. But the focus of the poem is on the last two sentences. The destination of my friend's trip to the west is Luoyang, where there are also many relatives and friends of the poet. The poet deeply misses his relatives and friends in Luoyang and imagines that they also deeply miss themselves. He asked Hsin-chien that when relatives and friends asked, they would say that my heart was still pure and flawless, as crystal clear as ice and as bright as jade. In the poem, a clever metaphor is used to describe a pure and perfect character, showing high language skills and leaving an unforgettable impression.
Seven step poem
[Three Kingdoms? Wei Cao Zhi
Boil beans and hold them as soup,
Think of it as juice.
The fermented glutinous rice burns under the kettle,
The beans are crying in the kettle.
Originally born from the same root,
What's the hurry?
[Notes]
1.kettle (f incarnation): an ancient pot.
2. frying: suffering, metaphorical persecution. [brief analysis]
According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Literature records: Cao Pi, Cao Zhi's brother, wanted to persecute Cao Zhi after he became emperor, so he ordered Cao Zhi to write a poem in a short time after taking seven steps. As a result, Cao Zhi sang this "Seven Steps Poetry". The poet accused Cao Pi of cruel persecution of himself and his other brothers by using the metaphor of frying beans.
According to legend, Wei Wendi, Cao Zhi's brother, asked him to write a poem in seven steps.
Otherwise, he will kill his head. Cao Zhi wrote this poem angrily. Beans and bean stalks are the same.
What grows from the roots is like a sibling. The bean stalks burn and cook the beans in the pot.
Crying. The metaphor of a brother forcing a younger brother is very apt and touching.
[A Brief Analysis of Seven-step Poems]
For the author of the seven-step poem, Xie Lingyun once commented: "There is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian monopolizes eight fights. I have to fight, and the world is divided into one fight." That is to say, if the talent in the world is a burden (stone), Cao Zhi will account for eight buckets, and eight buckets will be a burden. ("Shi Chang Tan") Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long? Talented "also said:" Zijian is smart and talented, and his poetry is beautiful and elegant. " Wang Shizhen's "Yiyuan" in the Ming Dynasty also said: "Zi Jian's genius is beautiful, and although he has a reputation throughout the ages, he actually avoids his father and brother. Why? It' s too high, and it' s too flashy. " It can be seen that predecessors have pointed out the characteristics of Cao Zhi's outstanding talent and abnormal endowment, and the best example of his talent is this "Seven Steps Poetry".
There are many legends about the seven-step poem, according to Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Literature says that after Cao Pi became emperor, he always held a grudge against his brilliant younger brother, Cao Zhi. On one occasion, he ordered Cao Zhi to write a poem within seven steps, and if he failed to do so, he would be executed in Dafa (execution). However, before his voice fell, Cao Zhi answered and said six poems, which is the most popular poem above. Because it is limited to seven steps, it is called "Seven Steps Poetry" by later generations. It is said that Cao Pi was "deeply ashamed" after listening to it, not only because Cao Zhi embodied extraordinary talent in chanting poems, but also because the poem showed that brothers were brothers, so they should not be suspicious and resentful, and it naturally made the Emperor feel ashamed.
"Seven Steps Poetry" is written purely by means of metaphor. Its language is simple, its meaning is clear, and it needs no more explanation. It only needs to be slightly dredged in some words and expressions, and its meaning is self-evident. The "fermented soybean" in the second sentence refers to the fermented beans that are filtered and cooked to make seasoning juice. "Fen" refers to the beanstalk, which is dried and used as firewood. It is the beans born from the same root that are cooked by Fen. It is a metaphor that brothers are too tight and self-destructive, which is contrary to heaven and is unacceptable to nature. The poet's clever analogy and clever language, and he blurted it out in an instant, are really amazing. For thousands of years, the word "we are born from the same root, so why bother to fry each other" has become a common language for people to advise against brothers' killing each other, which shows that this poem has spread widely among the people.
The first two sentences in the Seven Steps Poem are "Boiled beans burn bean curd, and beans weep in the kettle", and the sharp contradiction between "curd" and "bean" is written by "burning" and "weeping", and the cruel persecution of bean curd to beans. The last two sentences are "born from the same root, why bother to fry each other!" Make the finishing point to prompt the theme of poetry. The word "the same root" is a pun. On the surface, it means that "glutinous rice" and "bean" grew up on the same root. In fact, it means that they were born to the same parents as Cao Pi, and asked Cao Pi why he was so anxious about his brothers and sisters.
The metaphor in Seven Steps Poetry is very apt and simple and vivid. Although it is still difficult to determine whether the poem itself was really written by Cao Zhi, it reflects the internal contradictions of Cao Wei's ruling clique with vivid images and is indeed a good poem.
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty.
When the moon comes out, it surprises the mountain birds, and when it sounds in the spring stream.
Poetry interpretation
When people's hearts are quiet, they can feel the sweet-scented osmanthus falling from the branches in spring, and the spring mountain is empty in the quiet night. The bright moon rose from the valley and alarmed the mountain birds, sometimes singing in the mountain stream.
words explanation
Empty: empty.
Chime: crow from time to time.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
This poem creates a vitality in the spring valley by describing the dynamic scenes of flowers falling, the moon rising and birds singing, and these dynamic scenes set off a quiet artistic conception, which is dynamic and quiet, with endless charm.
Looking for flowers alone by the river
Du Fu
Huang Siniang's family is full of flowers,
Thousands of flowers press the branches low.
The butterflies dance all the time,
The charming warbler chirps at ease.
[Notes]
1.Walk alone: walk or walk alone.
2. the path (xΡ): the path.
3. Jiao: Lovely.
4. cha-cha: just happened to meet. When it comes to bird calls.
5. Stay: I am reluctant to leave. This poem is used to describe butterflies flying around among flowers and reluctant to part with them. "Liulian" is a "linked word". The two words that make up the Lianmian word are only records of the pronunciation of the word, and have nothing to do with the meaning, so a Lianmian word may have several different writing forms, such as "lingering" and "lingering", and the meaning of the word is still the same.
[translation]
The path of Huangsi's maiden is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers are hanging down the branches.
The colorful butterflies that are frolicking and lingering are constantly flying, and the charming yellow warblers are singing just right.
Limestone Chant
Yu Qian
Thousands of hammers cut deep mountains,
If the fire burns, it will be idle.
I'm not afraid of being smashed to pieces,
Keep your innocence in the world.
[Notes]
If you are idle: it seems normal.
[brief analysis]
This is a poem that expresses one's ambition by holding things in the air. The author uses lime as a metaphor to express his willingness to be loyal to his country, not afraid of sacrifice and his determination to stick to noble sentiments.
As an object-chanting poem, it is of little value if it is only a mechanical record of things without the author's deep meaning. The value of this poem lies in the metaphor of lime everywhere, and chanting lime is to praise one's open mind and lofty personality.
The first sentence "A thousand hammers cut a deep mountain" describes that it is not easy to mine limestone. The second sentence is "if the fire burns, it will be idle." "Fire burning", of course, refers to burning limestone. Adding the word "if you are idle" makes people feel that you are not only burning limestone, but it also seems to symbolize that people with lofty ideals will take their time and treat it as idle no matter how severe the test is. The third sentence is "I am not afraid of death." "Broken to pieces" vividly writes that limestone is burned into lime powder, and the word "not afraid at all" reminds us that there may be a spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice. As for the last sentence, "keep innocence in the world", it is the author's sincere feelings and determination to be a pure and innocent person.
Yu Qian was honest and upright as an official, rehabilitated unjust imprisonment, and provided relief for the famine, which was deeply loved by the people. In Ming Yingzong, Wala invaded and Yingzong was captured. Yu Qian proposed to establish Jingdi, personally led his troops to stick to Beijing, repelled Wala, and saved the people from the brutal rule of Mongolian nobles again. However, after the restoration of Yingzong, the national hero was falsely killed for "treason". This poem "Poetry of Lime" can be said to be a true portrayal of Yu Qian's life and personality.
Zhushi Zheng Xie
Hold on to the green mountain,
The root was originally in the broken rock.
It's still strong after thousands of blows,
The wind is east, west, south and north.
The background of ancient poetry writers
Zheng Xie (1693- 1765) was a painter and poet in Qing dynasty. The word Kerou,no. Banqiao, was a scholar during the reign of Qing Qianlong and a native of Xinghua (now Xinghua, Jiangsu). The poetic style is simple and pungent, and it is also unique in the painting world, calling it one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou".
Interpretation of annotations in ancient poetry
Take root: take root, take root.
Original: Originally.
Broken rock: A fractured rock crevice.
Grinding: torture, frustration.
Strike: strike.
Perseverance: tenacity and rigidity.
Ren: whatever.
Joel: You.
Modern translation of ancient poetry
You will never relax if you bite the green hill, and your roots are already deeply rooted in the rock. Tougher after thousands of tempering, regardless of the strong winds from east, west, north and south.
Appreciation of famous sentences in ancient poetry
This poem focuses on the tenacious and persistent quality of bamboo. It is not only a poem praising Yan Zhu's paintings, but also a poem chanting things. At the beginning, the word "insist" is used to personify Yan Zhu, which has conveyed its charm; The last two sentences further describe Yan Zhu's character. After countless hardships, she has grown into a particularly tall and straight posture, and she is never afraid of the strong winds from east, west, north and south. Zheng Xie not only praised the beauty of bamboo poetry, but also painted bamboo vividly. In his words, he painted bamboo to comfort the laboring people in the world. Therefore, this poem is written on the surface of bamboo, but it is actually about people, the writer's own upright and stubborn character, and he will never bow to any evil forces. At the same time, this poem can also give us the touch of life, overcome difficulties and face reality in a tortuous and harsh environment, as strong and brave as Yanzhu. (Chinese teaching plan for primary schools)
Both sides of the yellow river recaptured by the imperial army (Tang) Du Fu
News at this far western station! The north has been recaptured!, at first I cannot check the tears from pouring on my coat.
Where is my wife and my son? Little sorrow on their face., yet crazily I pack my books and poems.
And loud my song and deep my drink, on the green spring-day that starts me home.
Back from this mountain, past another mountain, up from the south, north again-to my own town!.
[Notes]
1.Hebei, Henan: the rebel base during the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. In 763 AD, it was recovered by loyalists.
2. Outside the sword: outside the sword gate, this refers to Sichuan. Du Fu was living in Sichuan at that time. Jibei: Today's Northern Hebei
Area, is the lair of the rebels.
3. but look: looking back. Wife: wife and children.
4. Roll up: roll up casually.
5. daytime: daytime. Indulge: to indulge in drinking.
6. Youth: green spring. Companionship: spring can accompany me.
7. Baxia: When it is in the upper reaches of Jialing River. Wuxia: One of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei.
8. Xiangyang: This belongs to Hubei. Luoyang: It belongs to Henan now.
[explanation]
The Anshi Rebellion brought great disasters to the country and the people, and Du Fu had long hoped that the Anshi Rebellion could be put down as soon as possible.
When the day finally came, he was so excited that he cried with joy and sorrow. The first four sentences are from "sudden transmission" to "early"
Smell ",then to" watch "and" roll ",several continuous actions describe the mood of surprise vividly. after
Try to describe the excitement of "ecstasy" through imagination: he not only wants to sing and drink, but also hates it.
I have to return to my hometown immediately in a beautiful spring, which can be seen from the four place names he listed in one breath.
Has flown away along this route!
Qing Gong Zizhen
Kyushu is angry with the wind and thunder.
It's a pity that thousands of horses are in trouble. ②
I advised God to get back on his feet.
Don't stick to one pattern and degrade talents.
author
1792-1841,whose name is Zhen Ren, renamed Gongzuo, named Ding 'an, Yu Cen (next to Wang in the left), a mountaineer, and Renhe. Daoguang Jinshi, head of the official ceremony department. There is the Complete Works of Dingan. Zizhen is an enlightening scholar of modern academic thought, and her poems can open up new horizons, with great momentum and magnificent colors, which have influenced the revolutionary school of poetry and the poets of Nanshe in the late Qing Dynasty. Shen Zhi, the leader of Tongguang, also called him a "wizard", thinking that "the talents of setting temples are only available for hundreds of years."
annotate
① Jihai: Nineteen years of Daoguang (1839). This year, the author was forty-eight years old. Because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of the Qing officialdom, he resigned and went to Beijing to return to Hangzhou. Later, I went back and forth again because of my family. During this year's trip to and from the Beijing-Hangzhou Road, * * * wrote three hundred and fifteen four-line poems, all of which were named Jihai Miscellaneous Poems. The song selected here was originally listed as the 125th. The author's note: "After Zhenjiang, I met the Jade Emperor, the Fengshen and Raytheon, and there were countless shrines, and Taoist priests begged to write green words." (2) Ten thousand horses are in harmony: Su Shi's Preface to Three Horses' Praise: "The vibration of horses is long, and all the horses are in harmony." Hey: dumb. 3. Energize yourself: lift yourself up and cheer up.
judge
Gong Zizhen's "Ji Hai Za Shi" is an autobiographical large-scale group poem, which was written after Wang Yuanliang in the late Song Dynasty.
The new development of song style. Cheng Jinfeng commented that "the lines are bright and the spit is magnificent" and "the voice is heavy and strong, and it is like a million jade moans." This is different from Qing Qiao's "Qi Yin", which focuses on the battle of Yong Dong in the Opium War, and is also different from Huang Zunxian's later "Ji Hai Za Shi". This poem is the most outstanding one in Gong Zizhen's Ji Hai Za Shi, which best reflects the author's spirit and the requirements of the times. The author conceives the image of the Jade Emperor in front of him, skillfully connecting with "Heaven" and "Wind and Thunder", showing the reality that people's thoughts were very depressed and the society was silent under the rule of the Qing Dynasty. This reality is "sad". The author is calling for the arrival of great social changes and expecting the emergence of a vibrant new situation. It is impossible for a new situation to emerge automatically. He has to rely on talents to destroy the old world and create a new one. However, talents need to be diverse and should not be embedded in a frame. In the first half, the focus of this poem puts forward the problem of "anger" and the second half puts forward the problem of "eclecticism" of talents. This is a new problem, and the author asks people to reconsider and cheer up in order to achieve the goal of transforming the world. This is the enlightening meaning of this poem. Of course, the two verses are ingenious.
Full of sadness, I set the sun in the west, waving my whip to the east and then wandering around the world.
The fallen flowers still have feelings and intentions, and turn into spring mud to cultivate new flowers.
Qingquan Temple is surrounded by oil and water. The temple is adjacent to Lanxi, and the stream flows west.
Under the mountain, the blue buds are short in the stream, and the sand road between the pines is quiet and mud-free. It's raining at dusk. Who says life cannot return to the juvenile period again? The water in front of the gate can also flow to the west! Don't bemoan the passing of time in old age!
Operator ①
Send Bao Haoran to East Zhejiang (2)
Song? Wang Guan
Water is eye-catching, ③
The mountain is where the eyebrows gather. ④
If you want to ask pedestrians to go there,
To the intersection of mountains and rivers. ⑤
Just sent home in spring,
Send you home again.
If you go to Jiangnan to catch up with spring,
Never live with Chun.
Translation:
Water is flashing eyes, and mountains are gathering eyebrows. Ask pedestrians where to go, where to go.
Just sent you back in the spring and sent you home again. If you catch up with spring in Jiangnan, you must live with spring.
Notes on Difficult Points: ① Wang Guan was born in Rugao (now Jiangsu). The year of birth and death is unknown. Song Renzong was a scholar in the imperial court, and successively served as Dali Temple Cheng and Jiangdu Magistrate. When Shenzong was an official, he went to Hanlin as a bachelor, and was dismissed because he was angry with the Queen Mother for the words "Qingpingle". There is "The Collection of the Gods of the Crown", which has been lost, with 16 parodies. "Ci Law" thinks that the name is transferred to "the person who sells divination and fortune telling". Su Shi's Ci is the main body in the Book of Ci. Also known as "Hundred-foot Building", "Mei Feng Bi" and "Hanging a Sparse Tree in the Missing Moon". Double tone, 44 characters, and rhyme. ② Bao Haoran: life is unknown. East Zhejiang: Southeast Zhejiang today. During the Song Dynasty, it belonged to East Zhejiang Road, referred to as East Zhejiang. 3. Eye-wave: It describes the flashing of eyes, which looks like a water wave. 4 eyebrow peak gathering: describe the frown, which looks like two peaks. ⑤ Eyebrows and eyes: It refers to a place with beautiful mountains and rivers. Yingying: Beautiful appearance.
Appreciation and inspiration:
This word is ingenious in conception and light in style, which is unique in farewell works. At the beginning, the sentence "water is the eye-catching" is ingenious: predecessors used to describe the beauty of a woman's face with metaphors such as "eyebrows are like spring mountains" and "eyes are like autumn water", but the author used it in reverse here, saying that water is the eye-catching, mountains are the eyebrows gathering together, and its beauty lies not only in bringing forth the new, but also in using empathy to turn heartless into affectionate, making the original unexpected. The sentence "I want to ask a pedestrian" still gives birth to "eyebrow eye", and it is also seen that the pen is clever and the words are novel. "The place where the eyebrows are shining" not only refers to the beautiful landscape of a friend's hometown, but also makes people want to see the beautiful eyes spreading hatred and showing their eyebrows when their wives and concubines are leaning against the fence and looking forward to their return. Pun, casting is not easy. After the film, the words "only after the spring return" express good feelings and feelings: it is very disappointing to "send the spring back" just now; Today, it is even more disappointing to "send the king". In an instant, what's the difference between the two? However, the author deliberately speaks in a light language, containing it without revealing it. The sentence "If you go to the south of the Yangtze River" is whimsical again, telling friends that if they can catch up with the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, they must live with it. The feeling of cherishing spring is beyond words, and the meaning of blessing to friends is also in the sentence.