Infantile acute rash, commonly known as rose rash, also known as milk rash and fake measles in ancient China, is a common disease among children between 6 months and 3 years old. According to the recent data of Chinese mainland, the incidence of this disease is as high as 98.2%. Caused by human herpesvirus type 6 and 7 infection. It is characterized by a sudden drop in fever after 3 ~ 5 days, and rose-red maculopapules appear on the skin, which relieves the illness and can be cured quickly without complications.

Symptoms of acute rash in children:

1, fever

The incubation period is1~ 2 weeks, with an average of 10 days. Most of them have no premonitory symptoms and suddenly develop high fever, with a body temperature above 39℃ ~ 40℃, which may be accompanied by convulsions in the early stage. Except for anorexia, the general mental state of the children has no obvious change;

However, there are also a few children with nausea, vomiting, cough, scleritis, swelling and hematuria around the mouth, a few with drowsiness and convulsions, mild congestion of pharynx and tonsils and mild swelling of lymph nodes in head, neck and pillow, which shows that high fever is not commensurate with mild symptoms and signs.

2, a rash

After 3 ~ 5 days of fever, the fever suddenly dropped, and the body temperature dropped to normal within 24 hours. At the same time or later, the fever subsided, and a rash broke out. The rash was red maculopapular rash, which was scattered and varied in diameter from 2 to 5 mm. It faded under pressure and rarely fused. Rash usually occurs in the face, neck and trunk first, and then gradually spreads to the proximal limbs. After1~ 2 days, the rash subsided, leaving no trace, desquamation and pigmentation.

3. Other symptoms

Including eyelid edema, anterior fontanel bulge, runny nose, diarrhea, anorexia and so on. Some children have enlarged cervical lymph nodes.

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Etiology:

Human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) is the main cause. Most ES are caused by HHV-6B infection, and rarely by A infection. In children's acute rash and febrile diseases, type B infection is more common, and in immunosuppressed patients, both types of infection can be seen. Other rare causes are human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), Coxsackie viruses A and B, echovirus, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus 1.

HHV-6 has the typical morphological characteristics of herpesviridae virus. The virus particles are round, consisting of 162 capsids and a icosahedral symmetric nucleocapsid with a diameter of 90 ~1/0 nm. The outer cortex is composed of cortical granules, with a thickness of 20 ~ 40 nm; The outermost layer is covered with a lipid membrane with irregular glycoprotein protrusions on the surface.

HHV was first isolated from the peripheral blood T lymphocytes of healthy adults in 1990, and then isolated from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. The virus particles are about 200nm in diameter. HHV-7 has a capsule. It belongs to β -herpesvirus family with HHV-6 and CMV.

Baidu encyclopedia-children's acute rash