(l) Celadon: Porcelain with cyan high-temperature glaze. The main coloring substance in celadon glaze is iron oxide, the content of which is about 2%. Glaze will show different shades and tones because of the different iron oxide content, glaze thickness and iron oxide reduction degree. If the iron oxide in the glaze is reduced to ferrous oxide, the glaze will be blue, otherwise it will be yellow, which is related to the firing atmosphere. Sintering atmosphere refers to the flame properties when firing ceramics, which can be divided into three types: oxidation flame, reducing flame flame and neutral flame. Oxidation flame refers to the flame in which fuel is fully combusted to produce carbon dioxide; Reducing flame refers to the combustion of fuel in the process of hypoxia, which produces a large number of flames such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbide; Neutral flame is in between. Fired with oxidation flame, the glaze color is yellow; Burning with a reducing flame will turn blue. Lacquer is often used to decorate objects in celadon. The so-called splitting is the crack in the glaze layer of porcelain due to the different expansion coefficients of tire and glaze. The surface of Ge Kiln handed down from generation to generation is a combination of large and small pieces, small pieces of yellow and large pieces of black, so it is called "gold wire". The official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty had better be cut, with thin tires (gray and black) and rich glaze layers (pink, yellow and cyan, etc.). ). The edge of the utensil is slightly exposed due to the drooping glaze, and the bottom of the utensil is exposed due to the burning of the cake pad, which is called "purple mouth iron foot" and is expensive. Yue Kiln is famous for producing celadon. His works show the special color of "clearing up after the rain" and the texture is like ice and jade. Later, it spread abroad and became the representative work of China porcelain.
(2) Black porcelain: black high-temperature glazed porcelain. The content of iron oxide in glaze is above 5%. Primitive black porcelain appeared in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the black porcelain fired in Shangyu kiln in the Eastern Han Dynasty had a uniform glaze surface with several glaze colors, such as black and dark brown, until a large number of black glaze varieties appeared in Song Dynasty. Among them, the rabbit hair pattern, oil drop pattern and obsidian tea bowls fired in the kiln are fired in reducing flame, because of the high iron content in the glaze, the heat preservation time in the kiln is long, and a large number of iron oxide crystals are precipitated in the glaze. The finished product presents colorful special patterns, and each one is unique and a rare and precious tea set.
(3) White porcelain: white porcelain with transparent or opaque high-temperature glaze. In the long-term practice, potters have further mastered the law of porcelain discoloration, so on the basis of firing celadon, the content of iron oxide in glaze is reduced and fired with oxidation flame. Generally, the glaze color is white with yellow or blue, and the glaze color in reducing flame is blue, which is called "blue and white porcelain" and "shadow blue". In the Tang dynasty, the production of white porcelain was very developed and superb. Xing kiln in the north was first popularized. The white porcelain burned is as white as snow, and it is as famous for producing celadon as the southern Yue kiln, and is known as "blue in the south and white in the north".
(4) Colored glazed porcelain: a general term for all kinds of single-color high-temperature glazed porcelain. The main colorants are iron oxide, copper oxide, oxidation drill and so on. There are blue glaze, black glaze, sauce glaze and yellow glaze with iron oxide as colorant. There are begonia red glaze, rose purple glaze, bright red glaze, stone red glaze, red glaze and cowpea red glaze, all of which are fired in reducing flame with copper oxide as colorant. If fired with an oxidation flame, the glaze will be green. Porcelain with cobalt oxide as colorant shows different shades of blue after firing. In addition, yellow-green, iron-containing crystalline glaze color also belong to Yan-colored glazed porcelain, commonly known as "tea powder".
(5) Colored porcelain: the general term for underglaze and overglaze colored porcelain. Under-glaze porcelain is made by decorating the blank with pigment, then coating it with cyan, yellow or colorless transparent glaze and firing it at high temperature. Overglaze porcelain is made by drawing patterns with various pigments on the fired porcelain and then baking at low temperature.
(6) Blue and white: one of the underglaze varieties, also known as "white glazed blue and white". Draw a pattern on the white body with a pigment containing cobalt oxide, apply transparent glaze on the outside, and then sinter at high temperature. When firing, the blue-white color is darker when using oxidation flame, and brighter when using reducing flame.
(7) underglaze red: one of the underglaze color varieties. Porcelain blank is made by drawing patterns with pigments containing copper oxide, then coating transparent glaze and firing at high temperature in reducing flame.
(8) Doucai: the combination of underglaze blue and white and underglaze color, also known as "teasing color". Firstly, the pattern image of the wheel corridor is sketched on the porcelain blank with blue and white pigments, then it is fired with transparent glaze at high temperature, filled with red, yellow, green and purple, and fired at low temperature. In addition to coloring, there are several kinds of coloring, coloring and dyeing.
(9) Multicolor: one of the glaze colors, also known as "hard color". It is made of red, green, yellow and purple pigments on the fired white porcelain and baked at low temperature.
(10) Pastel: one of the glaze colors, also known as "soft color". It is made of "glass white" containing arsenic oxide as the base material on the fired plain porcelain, and then painted with various colored pigments, and baked at low temperature.
(1 1) enamel color: one of the varieties of glaze color, also known as "porcelain embryo painting enamel", that is, painting with enamel on fired white porcelain. The main components of enamel are borate and silicate, mixed with different metal oxides. After low-humidity baking, it will appear in various colors, mostly with yellow, green, red, blue and purple as the background, and then painted with flowers and birds, mountains and rivers, bamboo stones and other patterns. The decoration has a prominent feeling.