1, breeding and improved variety selection.
(1) breeding. Breeding is the process of cultivating new animal and plant varieties. It uses natural variation in the original varieties, or creates new varieties by hybridization or artificial mutation, and then selects new varieties that meet the production needs through selection, propagation and comparative experiments.
(2) Improved seed breeding. Breeding of improved varieties is a process of expanding newly created improved varieties of animals and plants to seeds, seedlings and breeding animals, which is convenient for popularization and application in production.
2. Crop planting system.
(1) Planting system is the overall arrangement of crop production in a unit, which mainly includes crop structure, layout, multiple cropping and planting methods (intercropping or monoculture, rotation or continuous cropping).
(2) This is a complex technical system, which has great influence on agricultural production.
(3) Multi-cropping system centered on the space is popular in China, which is beneficial to make full use of time and space, thus reflecting the characteristics and highlights of China's planting system.
3. Crop cultivation techniques.
(1) Cultivation techniques are the general name of various field management measures adopted according to the growth and development laws of crops in the process of life activities.
(2) Crop cultivation techniques mainly include variety selection, agricultural machinery configuration, seed treatment, soil preparation, sowing, reasonable close planting, water and fertilizer management, pest control and harvesting. Good planting techniques can play an important role in increasing crop yield.
4. Balanced fertilization technology.
(1) Balanced fertilization: firstly, the amount of fertilization should be balanced to produce fixed fertilizers (including chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers), that is, fertilizers should be provided according to the determination of soil fertility and the requirements of crop yield.
(2) The second is the balance of nutrient types, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements needed by crops should be matched in proportion.
(3) Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are harmless, and their application mechanisms are basically the same. The main difference is that organic fertilizer contains a variety of nutrients, while most varieties of chemical fertilizers are composed of one or two elements. Therefore, elements must be reasonably matched in fertilization technology.
5. Irrigation and water-saving technologies.
(1) Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture, and irrigation (or drainage) plus fertilization can increase crop yield.
(2) Be sure to irrigate properly according to the needs of different crops and weather, soil and water resources.
(3) It is necessary to popularize water-saving irrigation technology, put an end to flood irrigation, and popularize water-saving technologies such as furrow irrigation, border irrigation, pipe irrigation, nozzle, drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation.