Alias Shouke, Jinying, Huanghua, etc.

Scientific name Dendranthema morifolium

Family Asteraceae Chrysanthemum

Ecological habit of chrysanthemums more than 30 species, China's native 17 species. Chrysanthemum is highly adaptable, preferring coolness and hardiness, with a growing temperature of 18-21 degrees Celsius, a maximum of 32 degrees Celsius and a minimum of 10 degrees Celsius, and an underground rhizome with a low-temperature tolerance limit of -10 degrees Celsius. Flowering minimum night temperature of 17 degrees Celsius, flowering in the middle and late can be reduced to 13 to 15

degrees Celsius. Prefer full sunlight, but also slightly shade-tolerant. More tolerant of drought, avoid flooding, like a little higher ground, deep soil, rich in humus, loose and fertile, well-drained loam. It can grow in slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil, and pH 6.2-6.7 is the best. Autumn chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, which grows nutritionally under long sunlight of 14.5h per day, and the darkness of more than 12h per day and the night temperature of 10 degrees Celsius are suitable for the development of flower buds. However, summer chrysanthemums are able to differentiate flower buds and bloom in summer under long sunlight. Chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous flower.

Cultivation and management of chrysanthemums can be seed propagation and nutritional propagation. Seed germination temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, February to April sowing, can be the year of flowering, this method is only used for breeding. Nutritional propagation includes cuttings, plant division, grafting, pressing and tissue culture, etc. In production, cuttings are the main method, which is divided into the root tiller insertion, shoot insertion, single-bud insertion and insertion with buds, etc. The root tiller insertion is made from the root stem. Root tiller insertion, from the root stem of the tiller often called "foot bud", in the fall and winter cut from the plant farther away from the thriving root tiller. Cuttings are taken at a distance of 3-4cm between plants and 4-5cm between rows, kept at 7-8 degrees Celsius, and then moved outdoors when the spring warms up. Shoot insertion, cut shoots between February and August inserted in the seedbed, at a temperature of 18 to 21 degrees Celsius, 20 to 30 days after rooting can be potted. Single-bud cuttings, cut 1 leaf cuttings with axillary buds from branches, only used for the propagation of rare varieties. With buds, with buds of lateral or main branch cuttings, used for rare varieties of propagation, or cultivation of desk chrysanthemum. Grafting with Artemisia annua or Artemisia annua as rootstock, commonly used in cliff chrysanthemums, tower chrysanthemums and dali chrysanthemums. Splitting is carried out in March.

1. flowerbed chrysanthemum cultivation with small chrysanthemum or ground cover chrysanthemum for the late autumn flowerbed, you can choose early flowering and long flowering varieties, cuttings in May to June after the selection of well-drained land for the border, planted at 30cmX30cm row spacing. After a number of centering to raise a clump of plants, between August and September to set the head, buds after planting.

2. Potted chrysanthemum cultivation in China is mainly used for the National Day, mostly using early chrysanthemum varieties or varieties of autumn chrysanthemum shade cultivation. Internationally, potted chrysanthemums are mainly supplied for Mother's Day, and the whole process of cultivating potted chrysanthemums is carried out in greenhouses. The greenhouse is fully sterilized every half a month, and cuttings are often irrigated with fertilizer after rooting. After centering and changing to bigger pots to make them reach the required number of branches, the plant height is controlled with chlormequat chloride and treated with short sunshine, which can regulate the blooming time.

3. Cultivation of cut-flower chrysanthemums Chrysanthemums occupy an important place in the world's cut-flower production. Requirements for the flower type neat, flower diameter 7 ~ 12cm, bright flower color, flowers half open, no pests and diseases, leaf green, straight stems, more than 80cm high, long hydroponic period. Cultivation of cut flowers is similar to the conventional cultivation of autumn chrysanthemums, with a plant spacing of 12-13cm and a row spacing of about 15cm, with up to 50 plants per square meter, and it is necessary to set up nets to support the plants. When harvesting from the ground painting 10cm cut, remove the lower 1/3 of the leaves, 10 to 12 a bunch of packaging and marketing. Some countries in order to ensure the quality of cut flower chrysanthemum, production within the temperature to, the type of fertilizer, proportion, application time are strictly according to the plan to implement, to a great extent to meet the growth needs of chrysanthemums, can fully express the characteristics of varieties.

4. Enabling and inhibiting cultivation In the season of long sunshine, with 35-50cm high plants, shading from 17:00 to 7:00 of the next layer every day, or shading from 9-10:00 before sunrise, 10h of sunshine every day, and stop shading when the buds appear to be colorful, which can be bloomed in advance, and it is said to be enabling cultivation. In the short sunshine season, add light to 14.5h per day, in order to control the differentiation of flower buds, delay the flowering time, known as the control of crop cultivation.

5. Non-conventional cultivation includes (1) specimen chrysanthemum cultivation; (2) cliff chrysanthemum cultivation; (3) large chrysanthemum cultivation; (4) tower chrysanthemum (ten kinds of gold) cultivation; (5) desktop chrysanthemum cultivation and so on.

The common diseases of chrysanthemums are brown spot disease, black spot disease, powdery mildew, brown rust, black rust, club rot, etc. In order to prevent and control these diseases, attention should be paid to the ventilation and prevention of over-wetting of the soil, timely removal and destruction of the diseased plants, diseased leaves, and the potting soil should be sterilized with formalin solution; in the growing period, use Bordeaux solution, 68% of wettable diclofenac zinc 500-fold solution or 50% of wettable tolbutamol powder with 75% chlorothalonil. Wettable powder 50O～800 times solution spray. Pests include aphids, red spider, inchworm, chrysanthemum tiger, grubs, leaf miner moth larvae, grasshoppers and snails, small tigresses, chrysanthemum drilling bugs, green blind toon weevil, etc., which can be prevented and controlled by strengthening the cultivation management, capturing artificially as well as spraying about.

Daisies

Alias: Bellis perennis

Bellis perennis

Asteraceae

Daisies

Ecological Habits

Daisies are native to Europe and West Asia, and are cultivated all over the world. They like coolness, humidity and full sunlight, and are hardy, and can overwinter in the open ground under the condition that the surface temperature is not lower than 3-4 degrees Celsius, but the hardiness of the heavy-flowering varieties is poorer. The soil

requirements are not strict, do not tolerate water and moisture. For the current year's herbaceous flowers, often as biennial cultivation.

Cultivation and management of seeding, planting and cuttings can be propagated. Seed germination temperature of 22 to 28 degrees Celsius. North China in late August to early September sowing in the open ground, 5 to 10 days after sowing seedlings, in late October moved into the sun bed overwintering. In late April of the following year, the plants are planted with a spacing of 12cm X 15cm. If sufficient fertilizer is given during the growing season, the flowering will be luxuriant and the flowering period can be prolonged. Daisies have well-developed fibrous roots, which can be divided and propagated after flowering, planted in pots, placed in a cool place over the summer, and then moved to greenhouses in early winter to strengthen fertilizer and water management, so that they can bloom again in winter or the following spring. Summer hot weather often poor growth, or even die.

Marigold

Alias Calendula

Calendula officinalis

Calendula officinalis

Calendula officinalis

Ecological habits

Marigolds are native to the Mediterranean coasts of southern Europe, from the Canary Islands to the Iranian Peninsula. It is hardy, and can overwinter in the open ground south of the Yangtze River in China, while north of the Yellow River needs to overwinter in cold beds or on the ground

. Do not choose the soil, but to loose fertile soil growth. Prefer to light enough. Can self-seed reproduction. For 2012 flowers. Cultivation and management of seeding method of reproduction, China's North China in early to mid-September sowing, late October planted in the sun bed, covered with bushels over winter, late April planting, early May flowering. Sowing in spring, flowering in early summer. Cultivated in a cool place can safely overwinter, and bloom again in September and October. Pay attention to the fertilizer and water management and pest control during the flowering period.

Dahlia

Alias geranium peony, passion flower, dahlia, dahlia chrysanthemum, dahlia flower

Scientific name Dahlia pinnata

Family Asteraceae, Dahlia

Ecological habit is native to the Mexican plateau area, is not hardy, in the heat of the growth of poor, the growth of the right temperature for the temperature of 10 to 30 degrees Celsius. Like light but should not be too strong. Intolerant of drought, and afraid of flooding. Require loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam. For the current year

Born herbaceous flowers.

Cultivation and management of propagation to split plants, cuttings-based, seeding is suitable for dwarf flower bed varieties and cultivate new varieties. Divided, in the spring germination will be divided into tuberous roots, each tuberous roots with rhizome buds 1 to 2, planted in wooden troughs or pots. Cuttings, early spring will be placed in a wooden trough, stick crown exposed to the surface of the soil, placed on the hotbed germination, service buds grow to 6 ~ 7cm, stay at the base of a pair of leaves, intercepted spike cuttings, and its leaf axils can then sprout new shoots. So repeat cuttings, a pier root can be propagated seedlings 50 to 100, the temperature 15 to 22 degrees Celsius, 15 to 20 days to root. Sowing, in the spring in the open ground or hotbed sowing, can also be greenhouse pot sowing, the appropriate temperature 12 ~ 30 degrees Celsius. When the pot-sown seedlings grow to 4-5cm, they need to be divided into planters or pots. Sowing can quickly obtain a large number of live seedlings, but the traits are prone to mutation. When the seedlings are 8 to 10cm high, plant them into pots with a caliber of 10cm, 3 plants in one pot, and divide the pots when the seedlings are 12 to 15cm high. One plant per pot. After 20 to 30 days, change the 16cm pot and add fertilizer. When the root system grows full pots can be planted in the open ground. Potted plants need to change 33-40cm pots. In the summer high temperature, the foliage is sprayed with water 1 to 2 times a day. When the seedlings leaf color light green, fertilizer 1 ~ 2 times. Potting to humus as a substrate.

Open field cultivation: planting density varies according to varieties, 1 to 3 plants per square meter. Need to stand. After the buds should not be too much nitrogen fertilizer, or stems and leaves, affecting the flowering. Potted plants: selection of dwarf varieties, control plant height between 35 ~ 60cm, flower diameter up to 25 ~ 35cm. tuber storage: the tuber dry early frost dug out, stay to 16cm or so, drying, hidden in the back of the shade, the temperature to maintain 3 ~ 5 degrees Celsius.

The main diseases are root rot, prevention and control methods are to strengthen field management, excise the early cancer, with methanol: glacial acetic acid: iodine tablets = 4:2:1 mixture applied to the cancerous surface and surrounding. Powdery mildew, spray the diseased plant with 800 to 1000 times the solution of Tobramycin or ethylphosphine aluminum, once every 7 to 10 days. Leaf spot disease, alternately spray 0.5 boeme degree thiosulfide and Bordeaux solution, the onset of the period of every 10 days to spray 800 times solution of chlorothalonil or polymyxin liquid. The main insect pests are red spider, aphids, heart-eating insects, etc., should be timely control.

Callistephus chinensis

Callistephus chinensis

Callistephus chinensis

Callistephus chinensis

Callistephus chinensis

Callistephus chinensis

Ecological habit Culex cinquefoil is native to China, and it is distributed in the provinces of Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Yunnan, and Sichuan, and it is also distributed in North Korea and Japan. It is now widely cultivated in countries all over the world. Prefer light, warm and humid environment, cold tolerance is not strong, the minimum overwintering temperature of 2 ~ 3 degrees Celsius, high temperature delayed flowering or flowering

poor. To the soil to be not strict, like rich in humus. Loose and fertile and well-drained sandy loam. Sowing in stages, May to October are open flowers, single plant flowering period of about 10 days. It is an herbaceous flower in 2012.

Cultivation management sowing method of reproduction. Depending on the variety and application requirements, dwarf varieties, February and March in the greenhouse sowing, May and June flowering; April and May open field sowing, June and July flowering; sowing in early-mid July, October 1 around the time of flowering; sowing in early-mid August, seedlings in the cold bed overwintering, the following year around May 1 around the time of flowering. Medium-sized varieties, usually sown in May or June, bloom in August or September; sown in March, overwintered in cold beds, bloom in May to June of the following year. Tall varieties, sown in summer, bloom in fall. germinate in 4 days at 10 to 20 degrees Celsius. The seedlings are divided into two true leaves, and planted in the open ground after the late frost. Should be sufficient basal fertilizer, and often chasing fertilizer, pay attention to shallow cultivation to maintain moisture. Northern fall sowing seedlings planted in the cold bed overwintering. East China sown in late October, covered with straw can be open ground overwintering. Dwarf varieties should be controlled watering after the buds, in order to form a low strain, so that the flowering luxuriant. Common pests and diseases are: rust, can be used 12O ~ 160 times equal amount of Bordeaux liquid or 250 ~ 300 times sodium rust control. Standing blight, can be 100 times formalin for soil disinfection. Red spider, can be sprayed with 1500 times Rogaine control.

Holland Chrysanthemum

Alias New York Aster, Willow Chrysanthemum

Scientific name Aster novi-belgii

Family Asteraceae Aster

Ecological habit Native to North America, it is now widely cultivated in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is cold and drought resistant. Strong adaptability, like sunny and well-ventilated environment and fertile well-drained sandy soil. It is a perennial herbaceous flower.

Cultivation and management of the original type of propagation by seeding, late March to mid-April open field sowing, germination temperature of 15 to 18 degrees

degrees Celsius, 14 days after sowing seedlings. Cultivated varieties are propagated by cuttings or division. In the fall, cut off the above-ground part of the plant, move to the shady beds or plastic greenhouses for the winter, to be the base of the tiller is about 10cm long, with 8 leaves when the cuttings are taken in the ground temperature of 22 to 24 degrees Celsius in the seedbed, planting reproduction in the spring and fall can be. In the northern region, the planting time should be one and a half months before the soil freezes. Pre-growth (May, June) should be properly pruned, July, August plastic hearting, want to make October 1 flowering. It should be centered for the last time around September 5th. Holland chrysanthemum is susceptible to powdery mildew and brown spot, which should be prevented and treated with equal parts of Bordeaux solution, 100O times Chlorothalonil solution or Tolbutrazine solution at an early stage.

Sunflower

Alias sunflower, sunflower

Scientific name Helianthus annus

Sunflower

Family Asteraceae

Ecological habit is native to North America. It is cultivated in all parts of China, with the main producing areas in the northeast, north and northwest of China. Prefer warmth, require sufficient sunlight, drought resistance, barren, saline and alkaline land can also grow. For annual herbaceous plants.

Cultivation management seed propagation. Early spring open-air direct seeding, at 4 to 5 degrees Celsius can germinate, 7 days after the birth. Seedling growth is rapid, should be timely inter-seedling. Plant spacing is generally 40 to 60cm, management is rough, easy to cultivate.

Canada canadensis

Solidago canadensis

Solidago canadensis

Asteraceae

Ecological habit Native to the northeastern part of North America. Prefer sunny and cool dry environment. Hardy, drought-resistant, fertile, loose, well-drained neutral loam is appropriate. For the current year's herbaceous flowers.

Cultivation and management of planting and seed propagation. Dividing spring and fall can be, every 3 years, each new plant should

have more than 3 buds when divided. sowing in March to April. The plant can be planted in the ground or in pots. The seedlings bloom in the following year. Cultivation management is extremely rough. Open-ground cultivation needs to be replanted once every 2 to 3 years.

Peacock grass

Alias red and yellow grass, vine chrysanthemum, small marigold

Scientific name Tagetes patula

Family Asteraceae Marigold

Ecological habit is native to Mexico. Prefers full sun, but can grow and flower in semi-shade; prefers warmth. However, it can tolerate early frost;

Strong drought tolerance, avoiding much moisture. Adaptable, not strict on soil requirements. Resistant to transplantation, rapid growth, easy to cultivate, less pests and diseases. For annual herbaceous flowers.

Cultivation and management with seed or cuttings propagation. March to April sowing in the seedbed, seed germination temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius. Seedling growth is rapid, should be timely inter-seedling. True leaves 2 to 3 pieces of transplantation, late May planting open ground, generally 60 to 70 days flowering. Can also be live, sowing generally 50 ~ 60 days after flowering. 5 ~ June cuttings, about 15 days rooting, 20 days can be out of the nursery, 30 days after flowering. Later easy to fall, and branches and leaves withered old, if the timely removal of residual flowers, thinning dense stems and leaves, fertilizer once, can bloom again. Red spider is easy to occur in hot summer, can spray 1000 times dicofol control.

Bermudagrass

Alias step by step, high, high, on the leaf plum, five-color plum

Scientific name Zinna elegans

Specialty Asteraceae Bermudagrass

Ecological habit is native to North America, Mexico, and South America, and so on, all over the world there are planted compensation. It prefers warmth and is not hardy. It should be full of sunshine

sufficient, in the long sunshine conditions, tongue-shaped flowers increase. Resistant to drought, barren, avoid cropping, the soil requirements are not strict. For annual flowers.

Cultivation and management of seed propagation. Germination temperature 20 ~ 25 degrees Celsius, 7 ~ 10 days seedling, about 70 days after sowing flowering. True leaves 2 ~ 3 pieces when moving seedlings, true leaves 4 ~ 5 pieces of heart to promote branching, seedlings can be planted after 2 ~ 3 transplantation. Transplanted 14 days after the fertilizer can be applied, and timely plowing. Cut flower varieties can be live in early April, true leaves 1 ~ 2 time seedlings, true leaves 4 ~ 5 pieces of heart, each plant retains 4 ~ 5 branches, timely fertilization, watering, plowing, weeding, etc., in mid-June can be cut flower branches.

Cucurbita pepo

Alias dry day lily. Fling time Pa

Scientific name Senecio hybridus

Senecio hybridus

Family Asteraceae Guayule daisy

Ecological habits Guayule daisy like cool climate, avoid cheese heat, Pa severe cold. It prefers loose, fertile and well-drained soil. The fertile temperature is 10 to 15 degrees Celsius, and the seedlings can withstand a low temperature of about 1 degree Celsius

They do not need strong direct light. Do not need strong direct light, to a slight shade and bright diffused light is preferred.

Cultivation and management of propagation by sowing. sowing in June to September, 20 to 25 degrees Celsius conditions, 10 to 20 days out of the seedlings. Seedlings planted in small pots with a caliber of 15cm, 15 to 20 days after planting, applying dilute fertilizer once, until the first flower opens, stop fertilizer. If you need to delay the flowering period, you can put the plant in a cold bed, to the use of flowers in the first 40 ~ 45 days to turn over the pot into the greenhouse, warming maintenance. If flowers need to open at the same time, shaping is required. Guayule chrysanthemum is an important winter flower, suitable for indoor and balcony planting.

Dendranthema morifolium

Dendranthema morifolium

Cultivated species of plants in the genus Aster. It is a valuable ornamental flower cultivated by long-term artificial selection. Also known as art chrysanthemum, the varieties have reached more than a thousand. Perennial herb, 60-150 centimeters high. Stems erect, branched or unbranched, pilose. Heads 2.5-20 cm in diameter, varying in size. Involucral bracts multilayered, outside of outer layer pilose. Ligulate flowers variously colored. Tubular flowers yellow. Chrysanthemums are not of unitary origin and cannot be summarized by a simple method of germplasm. Chrysanthemums are heterogamous pollinating plants. Sexual reproduction of chrysanthemums can be utilized to select new varieties with the help of genetic recombination and trait segregation or gene mutation, while asexual reproduction can be utilized to fix new traits and cultivate new varieties or to cultivate new varieties by using bud variation and fixing bud variation. Asexual reproduction of chrysanthemums includes cuttings, branching and pressing, etc., and cuttings are the commonly used methods. Chrysanthemums usually bloom in the fall, so they are also called autumn chrysanthemums. However, it is a short-sunlight plant, which can be made to bloom earlier or delayed according to this biological characteristic for festivals or bonsai arrangement. Chrysanthemum varieties, the head can be used as medicine, sweet and bitter taste, slightly cold, wind, clearing heat and detoxification. This is the medicinal chrysanthemum. According to the shape and size of the dried capitulum and the length of the tongue-shaped flower, the medicinal chrysanthemum can be divided into four categories: white chrysanthemum, Chu chrysanthemum, Gong chrysanthemum and Hang chrysanthemum. In each category, it is named according to its place of origin.

For those who often have to face the computer, the health of the eyes will be greatly threatened. Some people drink a lot of water before going to bed in order to moisturize their dry eyes, but the next morning, their eyes will be swollen. Here we introduce friends to a folk method, both effective eye care and can avoid the embarrassment of eye swelling - with a clean cotton dipped in chrysanthemum water coated around the eyes, you can quickly eliminate swelling.

Chrysanthemum is very effective in treating dry eyes, fatigue and blurred vision, and has been known in China since ancient times to care for the eyes. Therefore, in addition to applying to the eyes, you usually may wish to often brew some chrysanthemum tea to drink, if you can drink three or four cups of chrysanthemum tea every day, not only can make the symptoms of eye fatigue disappeared, on the restoration of eyesight is also helpful.

There are many kinds of chrysanthemums, and people who don't know how to do it often choose chrysanthemums with white flowers and big flowers, in fact, this is a misunderstanding, and the real choice should be the flowers are small and ugly, and the color is yellow. Drinking chrysanthemum tea is best not to add another tea, only after the dry chrysanthemum water or boil to drink it. Drink it hot in winter and iced in summer, it tastes great.