The word "fan" of tomato is sometimes written as "fan" with grass prefix. It originated in Central America and South America, and is now widely planted as an edible fruit and vegetable all over the world. There are different opinions about the origin of tomatoes. It is generally believed that the first person to grow tomatoes was Peru. From16th century to17th century, Europeans introduced it as a precious ornamental plant. /kloc-it was planted as a vegetable in southern Europe in the 0/8th century. Until the mid-20th century, experts and scholars found that in the forests of Peru and Mexico in South America, the indigenous people in South America saw that tomato fruit was a bunch of small fruits, which were red and suspected to be highly toxic, so they named it "Wolf Peach" to warn others that it could not be eaten. This kind of fruit has a history of 2000 years in South America. /kloc-In the 6th century, an English duke traveled to America and fell in love with this fruit at first sight, so he brought tomatoes back to England and presented them to his lover, Queen Elizabeth. Europeans call it "the apple of love". However, it is only planted as a precious ornamental plant in my own garden. (See also the last paragraph) There are many stories about eating tomatoes. For example, in the18th century, a French painter was deeply attracted by tomatoes and risked his "death" to eat two or three tomatoes, which he found delicious. After his publicity, more people eat tomatoes. (See also the last paragraph) Tomatoes were introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty, when they were called "Fan Shi". Because they are cool persimmons, red in color and from the west, they are named "tomatoes". Introduced from China to Japan, Japan also called it "Tang persimmon". Historically, China people used to add the word "fan" to things imported from abroad, so they called it "tomato". In the north of Taiwan Province Province, it is usually called "smelly persimmon", and in the south, it is called "mandarin orange" (Taiwanese). Now tomatoes are mainly eaten as vegetables. Tomatoes are easy to be canned because of their acidic substances, and ketchup and tomato juice are also common processed products. Tomato seeds contain fat and can be used to extract edible oil. It also contains nutrients such as sugar, organic acids and vitamins. Sugar is mainly glucose and fructose, and acid is mainly citric acid and malic acid. According to the classification method of American botanist Charles Rick, the genus Lycopersicon esculentum can be divided into the following nine varieties: common tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), gooseberry tomato (L. pimpinellifolium), Cheesmani tomato (L. parviflorum) and Kemeilewskii tomato (L. Hairy tomato). . Hirsutum) Chilean tomato (L. chilense) Peruvian tomato (L. peruvianum) Panali tomato (L. pennellii) Among them, the agricultural cultivation is mainly ordinary tomato. Note: green tomatoes contain solanine, which has a strong stimulating effect on gastrointestinal mucosa, paralyzes the central nervous system, causes vomiting, dizziness, salivation and other symptoms, and is more harmful to raw food. This family is the fresh fruit of Solanaceae tomato. Alias tomatoes, persimmons, plums and fire persimmons. The taste is slightly cold and sweet; Enter the spleen, stomach and kidney meridians. Efficacy is mainly used for promoting fluid production to quench thirst, invigorating stomach and digestion, cooling blood and calming liver, and clearing away heat and toxic materials. Indications: fever, body fluid injury, thirst, loss of appetite, hyperactivity of liver yang, stomach fever, bitter taste and heat annoyance. Every 100g nutrient contains 0.6g of protein, 0.2g of fat, 3.3g of carbohydrate, 22mg of phosphorus, 0.3mg of iron, 0.25mg of carotene, 0.3mg of thiamine, 0.03mg of riboflavin, 0.6mg of nicotinic acid and 0//kloc-0 of ascorbic acid. In addition, it also contains vitamin P, tomato J, glutathione, malic acid, citric acid and so on. The therapeutic effect is 1. It can promote the digestion of citric acid, malic acid and sugar in tomatoes. Lycopene can inhibit many kinds of bacteria and help digestion. 2. Protect skin elasticity and promote bone development. Tomatoes contain carotene, which can protect skin elasticity, promote bone calcification, and prevent and treat rickets, night blindness and dry eye in children. 3. Biological salts produced by cholesterol for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases can be combined with tomato fiber and excreted through the digestive system. Because the human body needs biological salts to decompose intestinal fat, the human body needs to supplement biological salts with cholesterol to reduce the cholesterol content in the blood and play a role in preventing and treating atherosclerosis; Vitamin B in tomatoes can also protect blood vessels and prevent hypertension. 4. Anti-cancer and anti-aging tomatoes contain glutathione. When the content of this substance in the body increases, the incidence of cancer will drop significantly. In addition, this substance can also inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, make people's calm hypopigmentation disappear, reduce freckles, and play a cosmetic role. 5. Anti-fatigue, vitamin B 1 contained in liver-protecting tomatoes is beneficial to brain development and relieves brain cell fatigue; Contains mercuric chloride, which has an auxiliary therapeutic effect on liver diseases. According to its origin, taste and shape, people give it many interesting names, such as: Italians call it sweet potato, French call it sweet apple, Germans call it fragrant pear, Americans call it Irish sweet potato, and Russians call it Dutch sweet potato; China's Yunnan and Guizhou provinces are called taro or potatoes, Guangxi is called sweet potato, Shanxi is called yam egg, and most northeastern provinces are called potatoes. In view of the confusion of the name, botanists gave it a worldwide scientific name-potato. Potatoes have existed since ancient times and have supported the survival of mankind for thousands of years. The origin of potato is South America, and it has become an indispensable part of the diet and cooking culture of all countries in the world. Potato is the fourth largest food crop in the world, second only to wheat, rice and corn, and is widely planted in about 125 countries around the world. Around 200 BC, the Indians of ancient Inca countries in Peru first began to grow potatoes. The Incas also used potatoes to measure time, and the time required to cook potatoes was used as the unit time. The Andes in South America is the birthplace of "Irish" potatoes. At first, in 1570, the short-day type was introduced from Colombia in South America to Spain in Europe, and it became the long-day type through artificial selection. Later, it spread to Asia, North America, South Africa and Australia. Potato has high yield, rich nutrition and strong adaptability to the environment, and now it has spread all over the world. Tropical and subtropical countries can plant and obtain high yield even in winter or cool season. The main potato producers in the world are the former Soviet Union, Poland, China and the United States. The main potato producing areas in China are southwest mountainous area, northwest, Inner Mongolia and northeast. Among them, the southwest mountainous area has the largest planting area, accounting for about 1/3 of the national total area. Heilongjiang Province is the largest potato planting base in China. Spanish colonists first "discovered" potatoes in villages in the Andes in 1537 and brought them back to Europe. However, potatoes did not gain recognition in Europe soon. Later, with the help of leaders and thinkers from Prussia, France and Britain, potatoes were widely used throughout Europe. Potatoes were introduced to North America in 162 1, when the Governor of Bermuda gave Virginia two big boxes containing potatoes and other vegetables. It was not until Benjamin Franklin, an American diplomat, discovered potatoes in France that potatoes became popular in the United States. When Benjamin Franklin was the American ambassador to France, he attended a banquet. At the banquet, he enjoyed twenty different ways to make potatoes. After Franklin returned to America, he praised potatoes as the best vegetables. Since then, Americans have followed the trend led by Franklin and planted potatoes in colonies and remote western regions. 1802, President Thomas Jefferson entertained guests with French fries at the White House, and French fries entered the United States from then on. After that, French fries quickly became the most common potato cooking method in the United States. The invention of potato chips is a coincidence. 1853, a wealthy businessman is having dinner at a fashionable resort in new york. He complained that the fried potatoes were too thick and sent them back to the kitchen. In order to embarrass the arrogant customers, the chef cut some paper-thin potatoes, fried them in oil pan, and then sprinkled salt on them. To everyone's surprise, this guest likes the "Saratoga potato chips" made by the chef, and potato chips have become popular since then. The potato originated in Africa, and the Spanish spread it to the Philippines. Indigenous people in the Philippines used it to satisfy their hunger, and Chen Zhenlong, a China businessman doing business in the Philippines, introduced it to Fujian for planting (locals called it sweet potato because its appearance was red, but the name was actually invented by Chen Zhenlong himself). Of course, the color of potatoes is not just red now, but the crops in Fujian suffered a typhoon at this time. People are threatened by hunger. Chen Zhenlong's son introduced the benefits and planting methods of sweet potato to Governor Jin. Jin Xue once ordered the whole province to plant sweet potatoes. This year, there was a bumper harvest of sweet potatoes, which helped the people survive the famine. So people compete to praise the survival of red potatoes and call them "golden potatoes". In Qing Dynasty, it was widely used in the southeast coastal provinces, central and southwest of China. Sweet potato has been planted in all provinces in northwest China. The introduction of sweet potato into China can be said to be one of the most important achievements in the ancient trade history of China. Because of its appearance, it saved thousands of people in Qian Qian who suffered from natural disasters. If as many species and sciences in the world can be brought to China to benefit more people, China will no longer be affected by the history after the Opium War and become the most brilliant country in the world again. Restore our status as a famous ancient country. If you go abroad in the future, if it is short-term, you can see what we don't have abroad, but we may survive in China. If you can, take it back to your own country, and maybe one day it will save countless compatriots. If you stay abroad for a long time, you can learn to feel their democracy, culture and technology. Feel some ideas and methods worth learning and bring them back to our compatriots in the future. Maybe your efforts will improve the quality of the whole nation, save the whole country, save the whole nation, or make it a world power again.