Milk strawberries in addition to fresh food, but also can be processed into a variety of strawberry products, as a variety of pastry additives. Therefore, the market prospect of growing strawberries is broad. The following is the technical video of milk strawberry planting that I carefully organized for you, take a look.
Milk strawberry planting technology video
Variety selection
Greenhouse production selection of short dormancy, early maturity, high yield, good quality, disease resistance and market best-selling varieties. Such as red: for the Japanese varieties, fruit long conical, bright red color, juicy flesh, sweet aroma, the largest single fruit weighs 100g, is the picking garden to promote the varieties; Dukla: Spain varieties, sweet fruit, superior quality, plant resilience, resistance to disease and yield; Fengxiang, all-star, Mingbao, Chunxiang and other varieties can be used for greenhouse production.
Planting
Adequate bottom fertilizer, make a bed
4000?5000kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 30?50kg of compound fertilizer; late July to early August will be organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer evenly sprinkled on the ground surface, turn over 20?25cm, rotary tillage 2 times, so that the soil and fertilizer mix, soil loosening.
Laying drip pipe
Laying simple drip irrigation equipment in the greenhouse, winter can increase the ground temperature, but also a good control of the amount of watering, effective control of the greenhouse humidity, the realization of water and fertilizer integrated management.
Planting time and density
The use of pseudo-planting seedlings is generally planted in mid-September, non-pseudo-planting seedling planting time for the first half of September; inhibit the cultivation of late August before planting is completed.
The use of double rows of large rows of cultivation, plant spacing 15 cm to 18 cm, small row spacing 30 cm to 35 cm, each 667 square meters planted 8000 to 10000 plants; Of course, there are now many parks in the use of soilless mode, in the later articles, will also give you an introduction to soilless cultivation of strawberries.
Double rows of ridges
Trough substrate cultivation
Planting method
Directional planting
When planting, ? The back of the bow should face the outside of the row. should face the outside of the ridge;
? Triangular planting in two rows;
? Depth of planting? Deep not buried in the center, shallow not exposed roots ?
. Note that this period should not be short of water, the soil is always moist, when the root system under the rooting can gradually reduce the number of times and the amount of watering.
Management techniques after planting
Temperature and humidity management
Budding period during the day 20?28 ℃, 12?15 ℃ at night, this period of humidity control in the 70% below;
Blooming period of the temperature and humidity requirements are more stringent, the general control of daytime 23?25 ℃, the highest can not be more than 32 ℃, the night temperature of 10 ℃ or so appropriate, the lowest can not be below 8 ℃, temperature too high, too high, too high, too high, too high. ℃, the temperature is too high or too low are not conducive to pollination and fertilization burst line. Indoor humidity is controlled at 40% to 50% appropriate; fruit expansion and ripening, daytime temperature control at 20?25 ℃, night 6?8 ℃, humidity can be controlled at 60% to 70%.
Water and fertilizer management
Strawberry like water and fear of flooding, after the buckling insulation, indoor temperature rises, the soil and plant evaporation and transpiration is larger, easy to lack of water, must be supplemented in a timely manner, so that the soil to maintain a moist state; blossoming period to control the watering; fruit fruit to ripening to water in a timely manner to keep the soil moist; strawberry harvest before the control of watering.
After slowing down the seedlings, acres of diammonium phosphate 15?20kg; late October to early November before buckling, combined with watering per acre of potassium sulfate 10?15kg. in order to achieve high-quality and efficient cultivation, from the top of the floral buds, every 20 d of fermented milk 1, is conducive to the transformation and absorption of organic matter. The specific method is to dilute the fermented milk 1000 times through the drip irrigation pipe to the strawberry roots, 30kg per mu each time; fruiting period after each strawberry harvest peak, combined with the watering of milk fertilizer 1 time, 20kg of potassium sulfate per acre, foliar spraying of milk once, the concentration of 2kg of milk to 15kg of water to increase the sweetness of strawberries and yield.
The purpose of irrigating diluted milk is to improve the soil, increase the beneficial bacterial flora of the soil, provide an excellent soil environment for strawberry seedlings, and improve the quality of strawberries. About 30kg per acre per time, relative to the application of other fertilizers did not increase the cost. Why not?
Auxiliary pollination
Strawberry belongs to the self-pollination crop, but due to the high humidity of the air in the solar greenhouse, the temperature changes, ventilation is small, few insects and other factors, not conducive to strawberry pollination. Without auxiliary pollination, the fruit size is small and the number of deformed fruits increases, while auxiliary pollination increases the fruit size, the fruit shape is neat, and the yield increases significantly. Greenhouse bee is the key measure to solve the strawberry pollination, generally per acre of greenhouse bee 1?2 boxes, with labor-saving and uniform pollination characteristics. Beekeeping should regulate the temperature and humidity, and the bees should be sprayed to prevent and control pests and diseases before moving in 10?15d, and no more medication after releasing the bees.
Artificial pollination
Bee pollination
Growth control
Strawberry greenhouse cultivation needs to use plant growth regulators to break the dormancy, after the buckling of the greenhouse spraying 2-5m g/kg concentration of gibberellin. When spraying, focus on spraying to the heart and leaves part of the plant, the dosage should not be too large, otherwise it is easy to cause the plant to grow.
Plant management
15d after planting the plant above ground began to grow, the heart of the leaves and unfolding, at this time should be the lowest axillary buds and just occurred in the Portuguese ten stems and withered leaves, yellow leaves removed, but at least retained 5 a 6 robust leaves. When the plant grows vigorously, more side buds will occur, wasting nutrients and affecting the flowering and fruiting of strawberries. Generally, in addition to the main bud, and then retain 2?3 strong side buds, other side buds removed in a timely manner. Blooming too much, consume more nutrients, the fruit becomes small, should be late to open the senior sub-flower thinning. How much fruit should be retained according to the fruiting ability of the variety and the robustness of the plant. Generally, the first inflorescence retains about 12 fruits, and the second inflorescence retains about 7 fruits.
Strawberry planting techniques1, cultivation mode
Strawberry cultivation can be divided into open-air conventional cultivation and greenhouse greenhouse protected cultivation. Open field cultivation is usually planted in August to September and picked in May to June of the following year. Greenhouse greenhouse protected cultivation, 9 ~ October planting, picking around New Year's Day on the market, the harvest period of up to half a year, high economic benefits. Cultivation of strawberries is generally used in the way of protected cultivation.
2, choose good varieties and de-viralized seedlings
Greenhouse greenhouse protected cultivation should be selected early bud differentiation, shallow dormancy, good cold tolerance varieties. Greenhouse greenhouse commonly used varieties are Chunxiang, Fengxiang, Lihong, Mingbao, Jingbao, female peak, Baojiao early birth, winter flowers, the United States to choose 8 and so on.
Virus disease has a greater impact on the yield of strawberries, after tissue culture detoxification of strawberries, fruit individual increase, the largest fruit to reach 50 ~ 80 grams, and long fruiting period, no deformed fruits, fast plant growth, strong growth, yield than the same varieties of non-detoxification seedlings increased by 1 times. The net benefit per 667 square meters is about 4000 yuan.
The detoxified test tube seedlings are delicate, difficult to apply directly in production, must be carefully cultivated through the stage of detoxified seedlings, when the plant grows to a certain size, and then transplanted to the propagation field for further propagation.
Breeding field selection of fertile sandy loam soil, every 667 square meters planted 500 ~ l000 plants, covered with insect nets, blocking aphids, leafhoppers, lice damage, to prevent infection with viral diseases. Strengthen field management, half a year later you can get a lot of original seedlings for greenhouse cultivation.
For farmers, it is more difficult to get the original seedlings, the price is high, and the cultivation is not cost-effective, you can buy 1 to 2 generations of detoxification seedlings supplied by the research unit.
3, timely planting
Greenhouse greenhouse cultivation of strawberries, the appropriate planting period for late September to early October. Before planting each 667 square meters of organic fertilizer 3000 to 5000 kg, 50 to 60 kg of compound fertilizer. After tilling into a high ridge, the width of the ridge 1 ~ 1.2 meters, each ridge planting 2 rows, row spacing 25 cm, plant spacing 18 cm. Water well after planting. After slowing down the seedling to pick axillary buds, plowing and loosening the soil, in late October to cover the film. In order to improve the fruitfulness, each greenhouse greenhouse in addition to the main varieties, but also configure 3 to 4 pollinated varieties.
4, temperature management
Strawberry planting temperature management should be able to inhibit dormancy, but does not affect the flower bud differentiation for the purpose. Immediately after planting, the temperature in the shed will be raised to 30 ℃; at the end of October, it will be controlled at 20-30 ℃ during the day, and reduced to 12 ℃ at night; during the bud stage, it will be 25-28 ℃ during the day, and 10 ℃ during the night; during the period of fruit enlargement to the picking period, it will be no higher than 25 ℃ during the day, and keep it at 3-5 ℃ during the night. When 30% of the buds in the greenhouse appeared, spraying gibberellin, concentration of 5 to 10 mg / kg, spraying focus on the heart leaf. lower temperatures in December, pay attention to keep the temperature in the greenhouse is not less than 0 ℃.
5, fertilizer management
Strawberry growth needs moist soil, fruit enlargement period and after picking, water demand is greater, soil water shortage should be timely watering. From planting to the end of October fertilizer l ~ 2 times, per 667 square meters with three yuan compound fertilizer 8 ~ 10 kg, fruit growth period combined with watering and then fertilizer 1 ~ 2 times, at the same time outside the root of the fertilizer, to improve the yield of strawberries.
6, auxiliary pollination
After the strawberry blossom, the new brush for artificial pollination. The pollination time is 9:00 to 11:00 in the morning and 2:30 to 4:30 in the afternoon, and it is carried out once every 2 days during the blooming period.
7, flower thinning and fruit thinning
Each strawberry plant generally has 5 to 6 inflorescences, in the pre-flowering bud separation period, the amount of high nodes of inflorescences for bud thinning, the average of each inflorescence to retain the fruit is generally no more than 12. The early stage of fruit formation, the deformed fruit, disease and insect fruit, late small flower fruit and other timely thinning.
8, prevention and control of pests and diseases
The main insect pests on strawberry are red spider, etc. In the early stage of occurrence, spray with mite 800 times liquid and 1000 times liquid alternatively. In mid-March, gray mold is likely to occur, 50% carbendazim or 70% metribuzin can be used to prevent and control, spraying time in the fruit after harvest.