Cholesterol is an indispensable substance in human tissues and cells. It is not only involved in the formation of cell membrane, but also the raw material of bile acid and vitamin D. The treatment of high total cholesterol should be carried out from two aspects: diet and medicine

Dietotherapy: In fact, there are many cholesterol-free foods in the daily diet, including hard-shelled fruits, such as almonds and walnuts. Grain, protein fruit, jam and jelly. In addition, there are vegetables, peanuts, peanut butter, vegetable oil and soybean products such as margarine, gluten, beans, soybean milk and tofu, especially eating more fruits, which contain pectin, can also lower cholesterol. Go to the hospital for treatment: There are many reasons for high total cholesterol, such as obstructive jaundice, liver cell damage, improper diet and so on. High total cholesterol can lead to hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cerebral thrombosis, stroke and cirrhosis. High total cholesterol is very harmful to human body and can induce various diseases. Therefore, patients with high total cholesterol must go to the hospital in time to find out the reasons and actively treat them. suck up

It is generally believed that healthy adults and hypercholesterolemia patients without coronary heart disease or other atherosclerosis should consume less than 300 mg of cholesterol per day (equivalent to 1 egg yolk). However, hypercholesterolemia patients with coronary heart disease or other atherosclerosis should consume less than 200 mg of cholesterol every day.

It is best to use foods rich in dietary fiber, such as celery, corn and oats. Tea pigment in tea can reduce blood total cholesterol and prevent atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Green tea is better than black tea. Vitamins C and E can reduce blood lipid and regulate blood lipid metabolism.

They are rich in dark or green plants (vegetables, fruits) and beans. Limit high-fat foods: such as animal offal, eat vegetable oil instead of animal oil.

Food Distribution Cholesterol in nature mainly exists in animal food. There is no cholesterol in plants, but there is a substance that is very similar to cholesterol in structure-phytosterol. Phytosterols have no effect on atherosclerosis. In intestinal mucosa, phytosterols (especially sitosterol) can competitively inhibit the absorption of cholesterol.

Although cholesterol exists in animal foods, the content of cholesterol varies greatly in different animals and different parts of animals. Generally speaking, the cholesterol content of animal meat is higher than that of poultry meat, fat meat is higher than that of lean meat, shellfish and mollusks are higher than that of general fish, and the cholesterol content of egg yolk, fish eggs and animal viscera is the highest.

Generally, foods with cholesterol content below 100 mg per 100 g of food are called low-cholesterol foods, such as eel, pomfret, carp, lean pork, lean beef, lean sheep and lean duck. Foods whose cholesterol content reaches 100 ~ 200mg per 100g are called medium cholesterol foods, such as grass carp, crucian carp, silver carp, eel, turtle, crab meat, pork chop and chicken. Foods with cholesterol content of 200 ~ 300mg per 100g are called high cholesterol foods, such as pig kidney, pig liver, pig belly, mussel meat, worm-eaten meat, egg yolk, crab roe, etc. Patients with hypercholesterolemia should try to eat less or not to eat foods with high cholesterol.

What to eat with high total cholesterol?

First of all, patients with high total cholesterol should take enough vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, potatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, strawberries, papaya and dark green leafy vegetables, which can increase the content of vitamin C in human blood and ensure smooth blood vessels.

Secondly, patients with high total cholesterol should eat more foods containing fiber. Such as mushrooms, fungus, kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, onions, pumpkins, sweet potatoes and so on.

In addition, soy products are more suitable for patients with high total cholesterol. Such as soybean, adzuki bean, mung bean, pea and broad bean.

People with high cholesterol should avoid eating foods rich in cholesterol, such as pig kidney, pig liver, chicken liver, shrimp skin, fresh crab roe, quail eggs, sheep head meat, preserved eggs, salted duck eggs, duck egg yolk, pig brain and so on. The cholesterol content of these animal foods is above 300 mg100g, especially the latter three. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia should eat less animal fat and sweets, because eating a lot of sugar will enhance the activities of various enzymes related to fat synthesis, thus increasing fat synthesis and aggravating hyperlipidemia.

cookbook

breakfast

Milk 250ml+ instant oatmeal (30g) is mixed into paste.

Bake 2 slices of whole wheat steamed bread and add 1 spoon of chopped walnuts.

1 fruit (e.g. 1 small bowl of big cherry or 1 apple).

lunch

Stir-fried diced meat with dried peas, fungus and bean curd (50g lean meat, 30g fragrant dried peas, 70g fresh peas, 50g water-borne fungus, 8g vegetable oil, such as oil with high phytosterol content).

Spinach150g, seasoned with sesame sauce10g.

Sweet potato rice (50m, sweet potato100g diced)

Beverage: soybean milk1300g (including soybean15g).

dinner

1 bowl of eight-treasure porridge (40g for red beans, mung beans, brown rice, glutinous rice, barley, peanuts, dried yam and lotus seeds, plus 2-3 dates).

Stir-fried cauliflower (cauliflower150g, vegetable oil10g)

Steamed egg soup (half an egg)

Flammulina velutipes and shredded carrots are mixed with shredded kelp (vegetables add up 100g, and 3g sesame oil is added).

The recipe uses 28 kinds of ingredients, including various food categories, which reflects the diversity of food, realizes high satiety and sufficient supply of various nutrients on the premise of reducing energy, among which the supply of phytosterol and dietary fiber is extremely rich.

Barley: This grain will destroy low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides. A review of a study in 2009 shows that it can reduce your total cholesterol level by 13 points on average without affecting your high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol) level. Researcher David Grouteau, the author of 10 1 the best longevity food, said: "Barley contains β-glucan, which is a soluble fiber that can be excreted quickly after being combined with cholesterol." 1 half-cooked coix seed contains 3 grams of soluble fiber, which meets the daily recommended dose of the US Food and Drug Administration.

Huadou: Like barley, it is very suitable for patients with high total cholesterol! This food also contains β-glucan, which can resist cholesterol. In one study, the researchers asked some volunteers with moderate resistance to insulin (precursor patients with high cholesterol) to take insulin every day.

After eight weeks, their total cholesterol level decreased by 19 points, among which low-density lipoprotein decreased by 13 points.

Grapes: People only need to eat a quarter cup of grapes every day to prevent the harm and influence of high-fat food on human body. Researchers at the National Children's Medical Center in Columbus, Ohio, said: "High-fat foods will slow down blood circulation and increase the risk of coronary artery disease." Scientists believe that eating grapes every day is generally beneficial to blood vessel health, because this fruit contains a lot of antioxidants called polyphenols.

Mineral water: Most mineral water is rich in magnesium and calcium (Shengpeilu mineral water contains 56 mg of magnesium and 208 mg of calcium), which has potential antihypertensive effect. A study in Sweden showed that 70 men and women with borderline hypertension aged between 45 and 64 drank 1 liter of mineral water every day (instead of imitation mineral water and soda water), and after drinking for 4 weeks, the blood pressure level dropped significantly. Avoid energy drinks: "Caffeine and Brazilian cocoa powder are usually added to energy drinks, which will make blood pressure soar," said John La Puma, MD, author of "Guide to Cooking Medicine Chefs".

Foods that lower total cholesterol.

1. Well-known oatmeal: According to the research report, eating about 3/4 cups of oatmeal every day can help reduce total cholesterol by 4-8% because oatmeal contains water-soluble fiber. In addition to cereals, apples, orange fruits and dried beans such as kidney beans, soybeans and plum beans are also rich in water-soluble fiber.

2. Isoxanthine in soybeans also helps to lower cholesterol, so eat more soy milk, tofu and soybeans.

3. It has long been proved that fish (especially salmon and tuna) contain omega-3 fatty acids.

It helps to lower cholesterol. It is recommended to eat fish two or three times a week instead of meat.

Finally, traditional foods in China, such as auricularia auricula, corn and mushrooms, also help to lower cholesterol. pay attention to the diet

Control total heat

The staple food is 4 Liang (female) and 6 Liang (male) every day, with whole wheat bread, oats, machine rice, potatoes and pumpkins as the best. Eat less snacks and don't eat fried food.

Reduce or reduce intake

Eat less animal fat, especially pay attention to hidden animal fat such as sausages and ribs. Cooking oil per person per day

Eat fish twice a week. If possible, olive oil or tea seed oil can be used instead of other edible oils. Matters needing attention

Such as fat, animal viscera, butter, etc. Pay attention to the invisible fat, such as sausages and ribs. Avoid eating too much sugar, drinks and snacks.

Pay attention to the calories of snacks, such as eating two handfuls of peanuts every day, which will increase fat 1.3 kg a week; Eating 2 liang sunflower seeds is equivalent to eating 4 liang rice.

Avoid fast food. French fries, fried chicken, ice cream and hamburgers all contain amazing calories. Eat more vegetables, coarse grains and fruits.

Change the way of cooking, eat more steamed, boiled and mixed, and avoid fried food.

1. The diet is light, low in fat, sugar and salt. Low fat includes two things, one of which is not.

Eat fat meat and animal skins; 2. Do not eat foods with high cholesterol, such as animal viscera and scaleless fish, including crab roe, shrimp brain, eel and squid. Low-sugar includes controlling rice and high-sugar foods, because excessive carbohydrate intake exceeds human consumption, and the excess will be converted into triglycerides through a series of biochemical reactions. Because of the low consumption after meals, it is more necessary to control the staple food. Low salt means strict control of tangible and intangible salt intake. The physiological demand of human body for salt is about 5 grams per day, but the average intake of China people greatly exceeds the standard. Patients with hyperlipidemia should eat light dishes, but they should also avoid high-salt foods such as pickles, preserved eggs and bacon. Generally, the cap of China small toothpaste is 1g, and patients can control it by themselves.

2. Quit drinking. Mainly quit liquor, liquor will disturb the body's fat metabolism. Others, such as wine and yellow rice wine, can activate blood vessels in moderation, but remember not to drink too much. Excessive drinking will increase blood lipids.

3. It is advisable to use the cooking methods of steaming, boiling, stewing, boiling and stewing instead of frying, frying, roasting and smoking.