Twelve four solar terms
The twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar are supplementary calendars formulated by China to guide farming in ancient times, and they are the crystallization of the long-term experience and wisdom of the working people of the ancient Han nationality. The 24 solar terms are: beginning of spring, Rain, Sting, Equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, Changxia, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Xiaoxia, Daxia, beginning of autumn, Chushu, Bailu, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, First Frost, beginning of winter, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice, Slight Cold and Severe Cold. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the ancient sages of China set four solar terms, namely midsummer, midsummer, midsummer and winter solstice, and constantly improved and perfected them. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established. The intangible cultural heritage of the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar is very rich, including related proverbs, songs and legends, traditional production tools, utensils, handicrafts, calligraphy and painting, as well as Han festival culture, production ceremonies and folk customs closely related to festivals. Twenty-four solar terms are the concrete expression of ancient Han agricultural civilization, which has high research value of agricultural history and culture. 2011June was selected as the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
First, twenty-four solar terms handwritten newspaper materials:
Twenty-four solar terms can reflect the changes of seasons, guide agricultural activities and affect the food, clothing, housing and transportation of thousands of families. The twenty-four solar terms are determined according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). 20 14 In April, the Ministry of Culture of China officially launched the "Twenty-four Solar Terms" to declare the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.
Second, the twenty-four solar terms handwritten newspaper materials: the meaning of the names of the twenty-four solar terms
The twenty-four solar terms are divided according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). Depending on the sun starting from the vernal equinox (longitude zero, at this moment the sun shines vertically on the equator), every advance of 15 degrees is a solar term; After running for a week, it returns to the vernal equinox, which is a tropic year with 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms precipitation phenomena, indicating the time and intensity of rainfall and snowfall; The three solar terms, White Dew, Cold Dew and First Frost, on the surface reflect the phenomenon of condensation and condensation of water vapor, but in essence reflect the process and degree of gradual temperature drop: when the temperature drops to a certain extent, water vapor condenses; The continuous drop in temperature not only increases condensation, but also gets colder and colder; When the temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius, water vapor condenses into frost.
Xiaoman and awn seeds reflect the maturity and harvest of related crops; Frightening and Qingming reflect natural phenological phenomena, especially stinging, which indicates that spring will return with the recovery of early thunder in the sky and underground stinging insects.
Twenty-four solar terms reflect the apparent movement of the sun in one year, so the dates of solar terms are basically fixed in the current Gregorian calendar, with the first half of the year being 6 days and 2 1, and the second half being 8 days and 23 days, with a difference of 1 ~ 2 days.