First, the principle of ice making machine.
1, the chilled water in the water storage tank of the ice maker is continuously circulated through the plate-type or gridded evaporator by the water pump;
2. After the compressor of the ice maker is operated, it is sucked-compressed-exhausted-condensed (liquefied)-throttled, and then evaporated in the evaporator at a low temperature of-10℃ to-18℃. Frozen water condenses into ice layer on the surface of evaporator at lower temperature at water temperature of 0℃. When the ice layer condenses to a certain thickness, and the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant reaches the set temperature of temperature control, the defrosting solenoid valve is turned on to remove ice in the form of heat pump, and then the next cycle is realized.
Second, the use of ice machine skills.
1 The ice maker should be installed in a well-ventilated place far away from the heat source, without direct sunlight, and the ambient temperature should not exceed 35℃, so as to prevent the condenser from poor heat dissipation due to excessive ambient temperature and affect the ice making effect. The ground on which the ice maker is installed should be firm and flat, and the ice maker must be kept level, otherwise it will not de-ice and generate noise during operation.
2. The gap between the back and the left and right sides of the ice-making machine shall be not less than 30cm, and the gap at the top shall be not less than 60cm.
3, ice machine should use independent power supply, special line power supply and equipped with fuse and leakage protection switch, and reliable grounding.
4. The water used for the ice maker should meet the national drinking water standard, and a water filtering device should be installed to filter impurities in the water, so as to avoid blocking the water pipe and polluting the sink and ice mold. And affect that ice-making performance.
5. Turn off the power supply when cleaning the ice maker. It is forbidden to use water pipes to directly aim at the fuselage for washing, and use neutral detergent to scrub. It is forbidden to use corrosive solvents such as acid and alkali for cleaning.
6. The ice maker must unscrew the head of the water inlet hose for two months, and clean the filter screen of the water inlet valve, so as to prevent sand and mud impurities in the water from blocking the water inlet, which will cause the water inlet to become smaller and lead to no ice making.
7. The ice maker must clean the dust on the condenser surface every two months. Poor condensation and heat dissipation will cause damage to compressor parts. When cleaning, use a vacuum cleaner, a small brush, etc. to clean the oil and dust on the condensation surface, but not sharp metal tools to avoid damaging the condenser.
8. The water pipe, sink, refrigerator and protective film of the ice maker should be cleaned every two months.
9. When the ice maker is not in use, it should be cleaned, and the water in the ice mold and the box should be dried by a hair dryer. It should be placed in a dry and ventilated place without corrosive gas to avoid being stored in the open air.
Three, the use of ice machine matters needing attention
1, the water used in the ice machine needs to be salted (dosed). As for the amount, the modulation pump (plunger pump) will automatically adjust according to the amount of ice.
2. The main body of the ice maker is divided into two cavities. The copper tube (evaporation cavity) with a certain density inside the outer cavity is the refrigeration thing.
3. The outer cavity of the ice maker is a regular round stainless steel cavity with a three-blade scraper in the center, and the distance between it and the inner wall can be adjusted by itself, generally 3 mm.. There are several groups of evenly distributed copper nozzles above the skates.
4. The working principle of the ice maker is that when the machine is turned on, the plunger pump will spray 0.2kg of water mixed with salt on the surface of the inner cavity through several filters, and then the cooling surface of the outer cavity will instantly form an ice surface with a thickness of 3mm, which is rotating. Under the action of the ice knife, the freshly made ice will be broken into small pieces and dropped into the storage bin!
Ice making cycle
The ice maker automatically enters a water storage tank through the supplementary water valve, and then the water is pumped to the shunt head through the flow control valve, where the water is evenly sprayed on the surface of the ice maker and flows through the wall of the ice maker like a water curtain, and the water is cooled to freezing point, while the water that has not been evaporated and frozen will flow into the water storage tank through the porous tank and start the circulating work again.
Ice picking cycle
When the ice reaches the required thickness (the thickness can be arbitrarily selected by the operator/user), the ice maker will re-introduce the hot gas discharged from the compressor into the ice maker clamping wall to replace the low-temperature liquid refrigerant. In this way, a water film is formed between the ice and the wall of the evaporation tube, which will play a role in lubrication when the ice falls freely into the lower groove under the action of gravity. The water generated in the ice harvesting cycle will return to the water storage tank through the porous tank, which also prevents the wet ice from being discharged by the machine.
Refrigerator condensation
The ice maker can be realized by air cooling, water cooling or evaporative condenser. The evaporative condenser is installed above the ice maker, the water-cooled condenser is installed below the ice maker or the refrigeration system, and the air-cooled condenser can be installed with the ice maker or outdoors according to the actual situation. If necessary, water-cooled condensers can be used on ships or along the coast, and seawater is used for cooling. Evaporative cooling can be used in high ambient air temperature, but it is not suitable for water-cooling or air-cooling refrigeration from the point of view of efficiency and economy.
Extended data:
Ice maker (English name: ice maker or ice machine) is a kind of refrigeration machinery and equipment that cools water through an evaporator and turns it into ice by the refrigerant in the refrigeration system. The water carrier is used in the refrigeration system to make ice after passing through a certain equipment in the electrified state. According to the principle and production mode of evaporator, the shape of the generated ice is different; People generally divide ice makers into particle ice makers, flake ice makers, plate ice makers, tube ice makers, shell ice makers and so on.
Ice making process
Through the water inlet valve, water automatically enters a water storage tank, and then is pumped to the shunt pipe by the water pump. The shunt pipe evenly flows the water to the evaporator cooled by the low-temperature liquid refrigerant, and the water cooled to freezing point will solidify into ice, while the water not frozen by the evaporator will flow into the water storage tank again, and the circulating work will be resumed by the water pump.
When the ice reaches the required thickness, it enters the deicing state, and the high-pressure hot gas discharged from the compressor is drained to the evaporator through the reversing valve to replace the low-temperature liquid refrigerant. In this way, a layer of water film is formed between the ice cubes and the evaporator, which makes the ice cubes separate from the evaporator, and when the ice cubes freely fall into the ice storage tank below under the action of gravity.
Main classification
Ice makers can be divided into commercial ice makers, household ice makers and industrial ice makers.
Ice-making machines are divided into three types: granular ice (cylindrical, square and moon), snowflake ice, flake ice, plate ice, tube ice and the newly developed spherical ice.
Granular ice is divided into spray type, running water type and immersion type according to ice making methods.
Cylindrical ice is generally spray-type ice making, which has a low freezing point, which can reach below MINUS 20℃. The contact surface between cylindrical surfaces is small, so it is not easy to stick together and it is convenient to use ice. Cylindrical ice cubes have high hardness, low temperature and crystal clear, and are suitable for the cooling of foreign wine. The slow melting speed will not dilute the foreign wine, which will affect the taste of the foreign wine. The disadvantage of cylindrical ice makers is that the ice production efficiency is relatively low, and they are generally used to produce small table-top ice makers.
The temperature of flake ice is -6℃~-12℃, which is most suitable for industrial processing and transportation of perishable goods. It is often used for seafood display in the supermarket fresh table, and large scale ice can also be used in cement plants, chemical plants, meat plants, marine fisheries and so on.
Refrigeration methods can be divided into: water-cooled ice maker and air-cooled ice maker.
General situation of development
By 20 12, there are still three major shortcomings in China's refrigeration industry. First, the imported technology cannot be digested and absorbed in time. In the industrial field, the contact between China's refrigeration industry and foreign countries is relatively early. In the mid-1980s, China began to introduce technology and set up some joint ventures. In the 2 1 century, the technological progress of China's refrigeration industry is far from meeting the needs of the development of other industries, especially some cutting-edge technologies and products still cannot be independently developed. After the reform and opening up, a large number of imported products flooded the domestic market, and the market share of the original products was gradually swallowed up by foreign products because the domestic products were not updated and developed in time. Second, the overall quality of the refrigerator industry needs to be improved. Like other industries in China, it is an indisputable fact that there is a serious shortage of senior technicians in refrigerator industry in China. Third, insufficient investment in technology development, serious brain drain, and domestic brands are unknown. As we all know, compressor is the most critical component of refrigeration equipment. But when it comes to compressors, people first think of American grain wheels. Their products are of excellent quality and have taken root in the market. Domestic manufacturers, in order to prove that their products are good and the quality is guaranteed, always like to tell users that our products are made of American grain wheel compressors. In the long run, there has been such a concept in the minds of Chinese people that the quality of products can only be guaranteed if the refrigeration equipment of foreign compressors is adopted. Domestic brands of compressors will have no "bright future". The main reason for the above phenomenon is that China has not invested enough funds in technology development, and "digesting, absorbing and innovating" is an empty talk. In addition, most domestic enterprises have short-term behaviors and like to do things with quick results, but they are often not active in technology investment with high investment, which can only receive benefits after 5 years or 10 years. In this respect, domestic enterprises are quite different from foreign enterprises.
Ice shape of ice maker: square, cylinder, diamond, moon, snowflake, flake ice, ice brick, etc. The freezing point can reach below minus 20℃. Ice cubes are beautiful, not easy to stick together, and it is convenient to use ice. Ice cubes have high hardness, low temperature, crystal clear, difficult to melt, and fast cooling. Stainless steel shell is luxurious and generous, corrosion-resistant, easy to clean, durable technology, and efficient heat preservation performance. Microcomputer control, fully automatic water intake, drainage and ice making, no need for special personnel to operate, safe to use. Scientific configuration of condensation system and condensation temperature sensing device can adapt to different environmental temperatures; Ice model sample preparation: flowing ice model ice making is an advanced ice making method in the world, with crystal clear ice, excellent texture and lasting cooling effect.
Industry development prospect
In order to regulate the healthy development of refrigeration equipment industry, China has successively issued a series of related standards, such as the safety refrigeration appliances for household and similar appliances such as snowflake ice makers, large-scale ammonia ice makers, and flake ice makers, and the special requirements for ice cream makers and ice makers. Since 2007, CCC certification has been implemented for household ice makers, which are classified as "household refrigerators", and commercial ice makers have been listed in the catalogue of supervision and spot checks.
Because the ice maker industry involves food safety, the standards, certification and supervision that have been promulgated and implemented are far from enough, especially the lack of national standards for product performance, which also means that ice maker technology still has great room for development in energy consumption, hygiene and safety.
China's ice machine industry belt has gradually formed. With the rapid development of domestic ice maker industry, most of the technicians in domestic ice maker enterprises are not from refrigeration major, and the shortage of technical talents leads to the difficulty in improving the quality of domestic ice maker products and research and development. Secondly, it is difficult to open large-scale ice machines in the domestic market because of customers' arrears and other reasons.