Corn kernel, is the corn threshing after the leftover close to the wood of the waste stick. Agricultural production in the waste material, the original in the countryside just use it instead of firewood, as a fire cooking materials. In fact, this "waste stick" is rich in crude fiber, wood fiber, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, potassium and other mineral elements. In recent years, the use of it as the main material for culture, flat mushroom planting, have achieved very good results.

In the use of corn cobs as the main material, in the planting must pay attention to the following issues.

One, the crushing problem.

The use of corn cobs as cultivation material for planting flat mushrooms must be crushed. Crushing equipment using agricultural pulverizer can be, crushing should pay attention to the particle size problem.

The particle size of the crushed corn cobs, in the end, how big is the most suitable for use as culture material, which is determined by the needs of mushroom cultivation, experiments have proved that the particle size of 0.1 to 0.3 centimeters is the most conducive to the growth of flat mushrooms.

1Holding water.

The water needed by the flat mushroom is supplied by the culture material, and the corn cob, which is the main material of the culture material, must have a certain degree of water-holding capacity in order to lock the water and be used to supply the growth of the flat mushroom. If the particle size is too small, the water-holding capacity is low, and if the strength is too strong, the water-holding capacity is large, which is the objective existence of the law of questioning, and the water needs of the growth of flat mushrooms can be satisfied between 0.1 and 0.3 centimeters.

2Permeability.

Flat mushroom growth, especially the growth of mycelium, need to consume a certain amount of oxygen to maintain the respiration in view of the mycelium not only in the growth of the surface of the culture material but also in-depth and diffusion of the culture material inside the culture material, which requires the existence of a certain amount of gaps in the culture material, between the gaps penetrate enough oxygen for the respiration of the mycelium. Granularity between 0.1~0.3cm, the gap formed by squeezing each other is just enough to carry the oxygen that can satisfy the respiration of the mushroom mycelium, so as to achieve the purpose of facilitating the growth of the mushroom mycelium.

Two, the problem of carrying bacteria.

Corn cob has the property of water absorption, which is determined by its internal loose structure, so it is very easy to moisture, once the ventilation is not good, it is easy to produce mold, rot and deterioration, reduce its own nutritional content at the same time, but also to the mold fixed on top of itself, these molds, once they enter the planting process, they can bring the risk of mushroom cultivation, or a small or large bacterial contamination, once the infestation of fungi on the culture material, it will bring harm to the growth of the flat mushroom. Once infestation of culture material by stray molds occurs, it will harm the growth of flat mushrooms, which may affect the yield of flat mushrooms, and will certainly affect the quality of flat mushrooms, and finally affect the whole planting.

Therefore, when choosing corn cobs as culture material, we must pay attention to the problem of selection. It is best to choose the fresh corn cobs of the year and crush them. In the time and then some liberalization, corn cobs can not be stored for more than two years. This kind of corn cobs can ensure its own nutritional content is sufficient, in the case of other culture material raw materials to provide nutritional assistance, to be able to meet the growth of flat mushrooms on the nutritional needs, not because of the lack of nutrients to affect the normal growth of flat mushrooms. In the selection, but also pay attention to the problem of mold and rot, must eliminate mold and rot raw materials corn cobs into the planting process, from the root to do a good job in preventing the infestation of stray bacteria.

Three, pre-wetting problem.

The use of corn cobs, flat mushroom cultivation, in the selection of raw materials, grasp the quality of corn cobs under the premise of the production process in the culture material, corn cobs must be pre-wetted. This is based on the structural characteristics of corn cob, after years of repeated experiments and practice, summed up the valuable experience.

1 Structure of corn cobs.

The corn kernel consists of the inner flesh and outer wall. The inner flesh is white, flocculent, loose structure, hygroscopicity, good water holding capacity. The outer wall is mostly white or red, with a burr-like appearance, a uniform grid-like depression distribution, the depression is the growth point of corn kernels. In the contact between the corn kernel and the outer wall, it is customary to call the umbilicus, umbilical tissue is dense and hard.

The hard umbilicus is watered and stirred together with other culture materials in the process of culture material production. Within the same period of time, the water can not penetrate into the hard interior of the culture material, the culture material production is completed, the umbilicus is still in the state of very low moisture content. As a result, the water content of the culture material, which was in the normal water content state, becomes low, causing the lack of water during the growth of flat mushrooms and seriously affecting the normal growth of flat mushrooms. At the beginning of the use of corn cobs, growers did not find the problem, so it also brought some losses to the planting. It took many years to find out the reason. It can be said that it is the hardness of the umbilicus that determines the use of corn cobs as raw material must be pre-wetted.

2 pre-wetting method.

Pre-wetting method is very simple, is to be used as a forgiveness of corn cobs, soaked in water in advance of the site, soaking time is generally about 48 hours, special conditions, can be extended indefinitely, in order to soak through as the final standard. In this case, the pre-wetted corn cobs and other culture material mixing and stirring is in a synchronized state, no longer affect the overall moisture content of the whole culture material.

Four, sterilization.

Corn cobs as the main material of the flat mushroom culture material, in the choice of sterilization methods, it is best to use high-pressure sterilization methods, in view of the high-pressure sterilization equipment pre-investment is too large, the existence of poor universality, is not suitable for ordinary growers to invest in the method of atmospheric mold sterilization can also be used. In the atmospheric sterilization process, to be carried out using special means.

This special means of sterilization is not complicated, is the use of two-stage sterilization method. Two-stage sterilization method of the same procedures and normal atmospheric sterilization, the same is placed in the bag? → exhaust the cold air in the sterilization chamber → heating sterilization → stew pot. Sterilization temperature is still 100 ℃, only the length of sterilization from 12 hours increased by 1/3, into 18 hours. After 3 to 4 hours after the cessation of sterilization, start the boiler again, conveying steam, in the state of 100 ℃, to maintain 4 to 5 hours, the specific principle can not be explained, but concluded from practice, since the use of this two-stage sterilization method, corn cob culture material sterilization is very thorough, the effect is very good, never because of the corn cob due to sterilized impermeable to bacterial contamination.

Sterilization of culture material is a key point in the process of mushroom cultivation, which can really eliminate the possible presence of fungi in the culture material or fungus material, and can really block the fungi from entering the cultivation process, and prevent the invasion of fungi through a door, which is closed tightly and tightly, and gives a strong insurance to the mushroom cultivation and guarantees the safety of the mushroom cultivation.

Fifth, the problem of water replenishment.

Flat mushroom planting cycle is long, no matter what kind of raw materials to do the main material of the culture material, generally have to carry on the rehydration, corn cob culture material is no exception, but the rehydration of corn cob has its own characteristics.

1 hydration timing.

Relative to cottonseed husk and other raw materials, corn cobs made of culture material is relatively loose, which the water removed from the growth of flat mushrooms consumed part of the remaining water evaporation is more, the loss of speed is also faster, so corn cobs as the main material for the rehydration of the culture material, in the cultivation process of flat mushrooms to be early, cottonseed husk culture material is generally in the 5th stubble to rehydration, and corn cobs in the 3rd or 4th stubble to rehydration after culture material, to 1~2 stubble earlier than the rehydration. In the process of planting, we should pay attention to observe the growth condition of the mushroom and the actual condition of the culture material (under the condition of normal humidity in the space, the dry surface of the culture material, the weight of the material bag becomes obviously lighter, and the growth of the mushroom's seed body is normal but obviously water is not enough are all the manifestations of insufficient water content of the culture material), and find that there is a sign of water shortage in the culture material, we should replenish the water at once.

2Methods of water replenishment.

1) Spraying method. It is to spray water directly on the surface of the material at the mushroom end in combination with humidification after the mushroom picking is finished, and this method is only suitable for replenishing water when there is a small amount of water shortage.

(2) Irrigation method. It is to put the mushroom bag standing, to the mushroom end of the water, water soak the bag culture material 3~4 hours, pour out the bag of water. Both ends of the mushroom bag, can be alternated between the two ends, the same method. This method is the same for palletized mushroom bags, it is more troublesome and labor-intensive to dismantle the pallet.

3) High-pressure forced water injection. That is, the combination of high-pressure water pump and special water injection gun, the high-pressure column water gun inserted into the bag culture material, open the pump, the pump produces high pressure, the water injected into the culture to.

When replenishing the water of culture material, it can be combined with replenishing the water for the nutritional supplementation of the culture material, and also can be added to the quicklime water solution for the PH value adjustment of the culture material.

With corn cob as the main material of culture material, planting flat mushrooms, the raw material is easy to get, the input cost is low, and the nutritional content of corn cob can fully meet the nutritional needs of flat mushrooms, corn cob is a kind of raw material that is most used in planting flat mushrooms at present, but a little bit of planting should pay attention to the above mentioned aspects, and do a good job of all kinds of operations in order to ensure the success of planting flat mushrooms.