First, the Brazilian tortoise has an active life habit, likes to live in water, is not afraid of people, and has strong adaptability to the environment. The suitable water temperature for growth is 20-32℃, and the optimum water temperature for growth is 25-30℃. When the temperature is lower than 20℃, the food intake decreases and the activity is less; When the temperature is lower than 65438 05℃, the feeding is basically stopped; The activity decreased obviously below 10℃, and it was in a semi-dormant state. Brazilian tortoise is an omnivorous turtle, which mainly eats meat in artificial culture, especially in the larval and larval stages, mainly eat small fish, shrimp, lean meat of animals and so on. In the adult stage, you can also eat plant feed (bananas, fruits, etc. ) and workers compound feed. Brazilian tortoises eat a lot and grow faster than turtles. Generally, young turtles hatched from July to September can reach an average of 25-40 grams before overwintering in that year, more than 200 grams of turtles can be cultivated in the next year, and more than 400 grams of commercial turtles can be cultivated in the third year. However, the growth rate of male and female Brazilian tortoises is different, and the latter is obviously faster than the former. Second, the advantage of artificial breeding 1 has strong appreciation. The color of the Brazilian tortoise is very bright, and there are conspicuous erythema on the eardrum behind the eyes. It is an almost indispensable fine species in the pet ornamental fish market at present. 2. Breeding is easy to grow quickly, has strong adaptability to the environment, and is easy to raise artificially, but the market price is lower than other soft-shelled turtles. Compared with the same specifications of Brazilian tortoise, tortoise, Maureen tortoise and crocodile tortoise, Brazilian tortoise is cheaper, almost a popular commodity, and more easily accepted by market consumers. 3. The market development space is not saturated. Although the Brazilian tortoise is the largest species at present, with an annual output of more than 65,438+100000 tons and an output value of 400 million yuan, its seedlings are mainly imported, and the number of seedlings supplied in China is in short supply, resulting in a big gap. With the upsurge of turtle breeding, it is bound to aggravate the situation that the supply of turtle seedlings is in short supply. In addition, soft-shelled turtle has edible and medicinal value. Third, disease prevention From the current feeding practice, the Brazilian tortoise has strong disease resistance. As long as early introduction and disease prevention measures are taken, reasonable breeding mode is adopted, diseased turtles are isolated in time and treated actively, better breeding benefits will be obtained. 1. The prevention of turtle diseases is generally related to the environment, turtles themselves, feed and pathogens. Keeping a good turtle breeding environment, such as the water quality meets the breeding requirements, the surrounding environment is quiet and the turtle habitat is reasonable and scientific, can reduce the occurrence of turtle diseases. Similarly, when introduced, seeds should be planted nearby to avoid long-distance transportation and from farms unfamiliar with the recent breeding situation. The soft-shelled turtle is healthy without defects, and the feed meets the growth needs of soft-shelled turtle, which is fresh, comprehensive and nutritious. Cutting off the transmission of pathogens to healthy turtles can play a preventive role. 2.( 1) Treatment of white eye disease: due to high density in artificial breeding, turtle trauma or deterioration of water quality. Young turtles and young turtles of Brazilian turtles are more susceptible to white eye disease. Symptoms: the eyes of the sick turtle are inflamed and congested, and gradually turn gray and swollen. The cornea and its surroundings are eroded by inflammation, and the outside of the eyeball is covered with a layer of white secretion. After illness, turtles often wipe their eyes with their forelimbs, so they can't eat anything. In severe cases, they will be blind, have difficulty breathing, and die of emaciation. Prevention and control methods: strengthen feeding management and focus on disinfection. Strict disinfection of soft-shelled turtles, water bodies and utensils for raising soft-shelled turtles; Strengthen the nutritional components of turtle feed and enhance the disease resistance of turtle. Soak the sick turtle in 40 ppm erythromycin solution for 60 minutes; Apply chlortetracycline eye ointment to the eyes of sick turtles. (2) Etiology of gastroenteritis: Most of them are feed deterioration or tableware and water bodies are contaminated by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, which leads to the onset of soft-shelled turtle. Symptoms: The sick turtle has dull eyes, thin body, dislike crawling, like drinking water, loose bowels and loose stools. The disease mostly occurs in spring, summer and autumn, and it is more popular in summer and high temperature season. Prevention and control methods: improve water quality, keep water fresh, feed fresh feed, and strictly disinfect utensils. Soak the sick turtle in 30 ppm erythromycin solution for 60 minutes, and then mix an appropriate amount of oxytetracycline into the feed to feed the sick turtle. (3) Etiology of onychomycosis: After the carapace is damaged, bacteria invade the wound, leading to the decay of the carapace. Symptoms: the surface crustaceans rot, or caves are formed, and even muscles can be seen. Don't eat and move less. Control method: soak the sick turtle in 40 ppm potassium permanganate solution for 65438 0.5 minutes, and then gently smear a small amount of potassium permanganate crystal powder on the sick turtle. (4) The cause of death in winter: most of them died because of lack of nutrition before winter, weak constitution and inability to resist long-term cold attack. A small number of postpartum parents and turtles with chronic diseases died because of overwintering. Symptoms: Before overwintering, soft-shelled turtle lost weight and muscle atrophy. It's light to pick up a sick turtle. Often floating on the water. Prevention and control methods: In the southern region, from July to August every year, especially after the parents stop laying eggs, the feeding of meat and other concentrate is gradually strengthened, and appropriate trace elements are added to restore the physique of turtles and reserve enough nutrients for the winter. Sick turtles are cured quickly; Young turtles should take certain heat preservation measures for the winter. (5) Etiology of internal and external parasites: Most of them live in water for a long time, resulting in parasites such as ticks, fleas and trypanosoma on the surface or internal organs of turtles. Symptoms: there are worms on the turtle's body surface and it is emaciated. Prevention and control methods: Remove worms from body surface immediately, soak them in copper sulfate solution (0.5 mg/L) for 30 minutes, and feed them once every six months. Fourth, defending against enemy injuries is more vulnerable to snakes, rats, cats, etc. Brazilian tortoises in infancy and infancy, so facilities should be used to prevent enemy damage. In pond culture, attention should be paid to the species and specifications of fish so as not to endanger the safety of soft-shelled turtle. Young Brazilian tortoises can be kept in flat-bottomed containers without any difficulty. Plastic pots, plastic cans or boxes and aquariums are all suitable, and the water should not be too deep.