1, symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning, also known as gas poisoning, has the following symptoms:
(1) Mild poisoning
The poisoning time is short, and you may have headache, dizziness, palpitation, nausea, vomiting, weakness of limbs, and even a short-term fainting. Generally, you are still conscious. After inhaling fresh air and leaving the poisoned environment, the symptoms quickly disappear, and generally no sequelae are left.
(2) Moderate poisoning
The poisoning time is a little longer, and on the basis of mild symptoms, collapse or coma may occur. Cherry red appears on lips, nails and skin mucosa. If the rescue is timely, you can wake up quickly and recover completely within a few days. Generally, there is no sequelae.
(3) Severe poisoning
It is found that if the time is too late and the gas is inhaled too much, the patient will be in a deep coma, all kinds of reflexes will disappear, incontinence, cold limbs, blood pressure drop, shortness of breath and will die soon. Generally, the longer the coma time, the more serious the prognosis, and there are often sequelae such as dementia, decreased memory and understanding, and limb paralysis.
2, carbon monoxide poisoning emergency measures
(1) Get out of the poisoned environment quickly.
When someone is found to be poisoned by carbon monoxide, don't panic, and transfer the poisoned person to a place with fresh air while ensuring their own safety; At the scene of poisoning, doors and windows should be opened quickly, and the fire source and power supply should be turned off, because CO is a flammable gas, and sparks can easily cause an explosion.
(2) Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed
Let the poisoned patient lie flat, untie his collar and belt, clean up the dirt in the nose at the exit, and pull out or press his tongue to ensure the smooth respiratory tract.
(3) On-site first aid
For patients who have lost consciousness and stopped breathing, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately: let the poisoned person lie on his back, raise his neck so that his head leans back and his mouth is open. The rescuer takes a deep breath, aims at the mouth of the rescued person, holds the nostril of the rescued person with his hand, and blows. After blowing, he releases his nostril, and the blowing frequency is 16- 18 times per minute. If the pulse of the aorta disappears, we need to do external cardiac compression. Also pay attention to calling 120 emergency number.
(4) correct hypoxia
Inhalation of oxygen immediately can accelerate the dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin and promote the discharge of carbon monoxide. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be performed immediately if conditions permit. Hyperbaric oxygen chamber therapy can increase dissolved oxygen in blood, improve arterial oxygen partial pressure, and quickly correct tissue hypoxia.
(5) Symptomatic treatment
For those who are in a coma for a long time, have high fever or frequent convulsions, hibernation therapy with head cooling as the main method can be adopted to reduce brain metabolic rate. Use dehydrating agent and diuretic to prevent brain edema. Hypotension shock patients were given volume expansion anti-shock, convulsions patients were given diazepam and phenobarbital, and pulmonary infection patients were given broad-spectrum antibiotics.
3. Precautions
1, when using the coal stove during the day, open the window to let the air circulate in the house and ensure the supply of oxygen.
2, the use of gas stoves, check whether the rubber tube connected to the gas tank is loose, aging, broken, insect bites, and whether the switch is abnormal.
3. It is best for families with stoves or coal stoves to install combustible gas leakage alarms. When gas or liquefied gas leaks around them, you can take hedging measures as soon as possible.
4. Do not use obsolete water heaters, such as in-line water heaters and flue water heaters, both of which are prohibited from production and sales by the state; Do not use water heaters that have been in extended service.
5. Don't close the bathroom doors and windows when taking a shower in winter, and don't take too long to take a shower.
4, the harm of carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide is the product of incomplete combustion of tobacco, and the content of carbon monoxide in the smoke of a cigarette is about1~ 5%. After being inhaled into the lungs, carbon monoxide in the smoke quickly combines with hemoglobin in the blood, and forms carboxyhemoglobin (the affinity of CO for hemoglobin is 250 times greater than that of O2), which weakens the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen, reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood and reduces the oxygen available to the heart. The synergistic effect of carbon monoxide and nicotine harms the cardiovascular system of smokers, and has a direct impact on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and thromboangiitis obliterans, and the resulting mortality rate is very alarming. Compared with non-smokers, coronary heart disease is 5 ~10 times higher, sudden death is 3 ~ 5 times higher, myocardial infarction is 20 times higher and large aneurysm is 5 ~ 7 times higher.