How to care for coronary heart disease with scientific methods

1. Main nursing issues

1. Pain

It is related to myocardial ischemia. The pain of coronary heart disease may be related to the patient's myocardial ischemia. Ischemia of the patient's myocardium will lead to the occurrence of heart pain symptoms.

2. Activity intolerance

It is related to the impact of angina pectoris on activities.

3. Irregular pulse

Coronary heart disease is related to myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia caused by myocardial disease.

4. Edema and dyspnea

When a patient has edema and dyspnea, it may be related to heart failure in the advanced stage of coronary heart disease.

2. Nursing measures

1. When angina pectoris attacks, you must stay in bed, monitor closely, and keep the environment quiet.

2. Understand the patient’s psychological state, eliminate bad emotions, avoid various inducements, and strengthen daily care.

3. When angina pectoris occurs, stop activities immediately and take nitroglycerin sublingually. Observe the adverse reactions of anti-angina drugs. For example, vasodilator effects such as headache, dizziness, flushing, and dizziness often occur after nitrous acid medication. People who are sensitive to this drug are prone to orthostatic hypotension.

4. Patients with coronary heart disease should not smoke or drink. In terms of diet, they should pay attention to eating low-fat, low-cholesterol and high-vitamin foods. They should eat light foods and do not eat too much at one time.

5. The room temperature should not be too cold or too hot, because cold and heat will increase the load on the heart, which can easily cause angina pectoris.

6. Give oxygen inhalation, 3-4 liters/minute.

7. After the pain stabilizes, you can do appropriate physical activities.

Closely observe the following indicators

(1) Heart rate, rhythm, pain location, nature, duration and whether the medicine is installed properly after use.

(2) Patrols should be strengthened at night, because angina pectoris often attacks at night and early in the morning.

(3) If the nature of the pain changes or the angina pectoris increases in frequency or worsens, the patient should notify the doctor immediately if the pain lasts for more than 15 minutes or is not relieved by taking medicine.

3. Health Guidance

1. Eat a reasonable diet, a low-fat, low-calorie, low-cholesterol easy-to-digest diet, eat more vegetarian vegetables, fruits and other light foods, and quit smoking and drinking. It is strictly forbidden to overeat or overeat, and do not drink strong coffee and tea.

2. Maintain a balanced mentality, avoid tension, anxiety, agitation and anger, and ensure adequate sleep.

3. Keep the stool smooth and avoid exerting force when defecating.

4. Introduce the prevention methods of angina pectoris. When an attack occurs, stop activities immediately and rest on the spot. Take sublingual nitroglycerin, Xintongding or Suxiao Jiuxin Pills. If you have frequent attacks, you should go to the hospital immediately.

5. Provide psychological care. When patients have an angina pectoris attack, they have a fear of dying. Care and comfort should be given to the patients and relieve their worries.

6. Teach patients the use of nitroglycerin and how to store it, familiarize them with the side effects of the drug, and inform them to carry it with them.

7. Insist on taking medicines as prescribed by the doctor, and keep emergency medicines at home.

When it comes to heart failure, many people may not know what heart failure is. In fact, heart failure, also called heart failure, is mainly caused by weakened myocardial contraction. So how to care for heart failure? What are the nursing measures for heart failure? Today I will introduce them to you one by one. If you are a heart failure patient and don’t know how to care for it, then hurry up and take a look.

Nursing measures for heart failure

What are the nursing measures for heart failure? If you don’t know, then let me introduce to you the nursing measures for heart failure. It also helps everyone learn more about heart failure care.

1. General care

(1) Ensure that patients have adequate rest

The principle of activity and rest should be determined according to the heart function: patients with first-level heart function may not Limit activities, but should increase lunch breaks; patients with mild heart failure (heart function level 2) can get up and do light activities, but need to increase the interval time between activities and sleep time; patients with moderate heart failure (heart function level 3) , it is advisable to rest in bed and limit the amount of activity; patients with severe heart failure (cardiac function level 4) must strictly rest in bed and be given a semi-recumbent or sitting position. Bedridden patients should be taken care of in order to facilitate their lives. After the condition improves, the amount of activity can be gradually increased to avoid adverse consequences such as muscle atrophy, venous thrombosis, skin damage, decreased digestive function, and psychopathy caused by long-term bed rest.

(2) Diet

Patients should eat a low-calorie diet. After the condition improves, appropriate calories and high nutrition can be added. It is advisable to eat a light, low-salt, easy-to-digest diet; choose foods rich in vitamins, potassium, magnesium and moderate amounts of fiber; avoid gas-producing foods, which may aggravate dyspnea; avoid irritating foods; eat small amounts frequently, and eat more frequently according to blood potassium The level determines how much potassium is in the food.

(3) Keeping stool smooth

Keeping stool smooth is an important nursing measure for patients with heart failure. Therefore, patients need to practice defecation, and dietary fiber can also be added to the diet to help patients with defecation.

(4) Oxygen inhalation

The general flow rate is 2 to 4L/min. Changes in the patient's respiratory frequency, rhythm, and depth after oxygen inhalation should be observed, and the improvement of dyspnea should be evaluated at any time. degree.

(5) Strengthen skin and oral care

Patients who are bedridden for a long time should turn over frequently to prevent skin damage caused by local pressure. Strengthen oral care to prevent oral mucosal infections caused by bacterial imbalance caused by drug treatment.

(6) Control the intravenous rehydration speed

Generally 1 to 1.5m1 (20 to 30 drops) per minute.

2. Psychological care for patients

For patients with heart failure, psychological care is very necessary. This can reduce the patient's psychological burden and increase the patient's sense of security.

3. Emotional observation and symptomatic care

(1) Pay attention to the clinical manifestations of early heart failure. Once exertional dyspnea or nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea occurs, increased heart rate and fatigue , dizziness, insomnia, irritability, decreased urine output and other symptoms, you should contact your doctor in time and strengthen observation. For example, symptoms such as extreme irritability, profuse sweating, and blue lips may occur rapidly, as well as chest tightness, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Cyanosis and coughing up a large amount of white or pink foamy sputum should alert you to the occurrence of acute pulmonary edema and prepare to cooperate with rescue immediately.

(2) Regularly observe changes in water and electrolytes and acid-base balance. Hypokalemia can cause fatigue, abdominal distension, palpitations, increased U waves and arrhythmia on the electrocardiogram, and can induce digitalis poisoning. A small number of cases cause hyperkalemia due to decreased kidney function and excessive potassium supplementation. In severe cases, it can cause cardiac arrest. Hyponatremia manifests as fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, etc.

4. Complication prevention and care

(1) Respiratory tract infection

Indoor air circulation, open windows for ventilation twice a day, avoid gusts of wind and cold weather Pay attention to keeping warm. Those who are bedridden for a long time are encouraged to turn over and assist in patting on the back to prevent respiratory tract infection and accumulation pneumonia.

(2) Thrombosis

Due to long-term bed rest and hemodynamic changes caused by the use of diuretics, thrombosis is easy to form in the veins of the lower limbs. Patients should be encouraged to move their lower limbs and contract their muscles in bed, and assist in massage of their lower limb muscles. Soak your lower limbs in warm water to speed up blood circulation and reduce venous thrombosis. When the patient has local swelling in the distal limbs, it indicates that venous thrombosis has occurred, and the patient should contact the doctor as soon as possible.

IV. Nursing routine for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris

Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome caused by insufficient blood supply to the coronary arteries and acute, temporary ischemia and hypoxia of the myocardium. It is characterized by a squeezing pain in the back of the sternum that can radiate to the precordium and left upper limb, lasting for several minutes, and can be relieved by rest or taking nitroglycerin.

Physical labor, emotional excitement, satiety, cold, smoking, tachycardia, shock, etc. are predisposing factors.

Nursing routine

1. When angina pectoris attacks, you must stay in bed, monitor closely, and keep the environment quiet.

2. Understand the patient’s psychological state, eliminate bad emotions, avoid various inducements, and strengthen daily care.

3. Observe the adverse reactions of anti-angina drugs. For example, vasodilator effects such as headache, bloating, flushing, and dizziness often occur after nitrous acid medication. People who are sensitive to this drug are prone to orthostatic hypotension.

4. Give the child a light, low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-vitamin, easy-to-digest diet, small and frequent meals, not overeating, and no smoking or drinking.

5. The room temperature should not be too cold or too hot, because cold and heat will increase the burden on the heart and make angina pectoris more likely to occur.

6. For those whose diagnosis is not yet clear or whose condition needs to be further estimated, the electrocardiogram should be recorded when angina pectoris attacks, and changes in consciousness, pulse, and blood pressure should be closely observed.

7. If the patient's pain lasts for more than 15 minutes or is not relieved by taking medicine, attention should be paid to distinguishing it from pre-myocardial infarction syndrome, report to the doctor immediately, and take effective measures in a timely manner.

8. Provide psychological care. When patients have an angina pectoris attack, they have a sense of fear of dying. Care and comfort should be given to the patients and relieve their worries.

9. Teach patients the use of nitroglycerin and how to store it, familiarize them with the side effects of the drug, and inform them to carry it with them at all times.

5. Nursing routine for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris

1. According to the general nursing routine of the circulatory system.

2. Let the patient eat low-calorie, low-fat foods, eat more vegetarian vegetables, fruits and other light foods, and quit smoking and alcohol.

3. Avoid fatigue, mood swings, mental stress, heavy meals, colds and other triggering factors, and provide psychological care and hygiene education.

4. Pay attention to the typical manifestations of angina pectoris, which are sudden, short-lived (relieved in 1-5 minutes) retrosternal or precordial pain that can radiate to the left arm, accompanied by cold limbs, Pale complexion etc.

Conclusion: Through the above introduction, everyone must have a certain understanding of coronary heart disease care. Although in our modern society, our lives are slowly getting better. , but some diseases are still not far away from us. For patients with coronary heart disease, care becomes more important.

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