a [ei]：

base, cake, chase, date, face, gate, hate, jade, kale, late, make, name, pave, quake, rate, same, take, vane, wake

a [? ]：

bag, cat, dad, fat, gas, hat, jam,kat, lad, map, nab, pan, rack, sad, tap, vat, zap

wa, wha [? ]：

want, wash, what, watch

a/a:/:

ass/a:s/, ast/a:st/, ask/a:sk/, asp/a:sp/, ath/a: θ/, aff/a:f/, ant/a:nt/

class, last, ask, grasp, bath, staff, plant

a[? ]:

ago, about, above, again, sofa, china, america, canada

a[i]:

cabbage, message, village, climate, necklace, palace

ai/ei/:

aim, fail, pain, rain, tail, wait, (said)

ai/i/:

captain, mountain, fountain

air[ε? ]:

chair, fair, hair, pair, stair

al[? :]:

chalk, talk, walk (shall, half)

ar[a:]:

arm， car, dark, far, garden, harm, jar, large, mark, park, star， yard, (warm)

ar[? :]:

quar/kw ? :/, war /w? :/，whar/w? :/

quarter , war, warm, warn

ar[? ]:

dollar, beggar

are[ε? ]:

care, dare, fare, share

au[? :]:

autumn, cause, pause, (aunt, laugh)

aw[? :]

draw，law, raw, saw, yawn

ay[ei]:

day, lay, may, pay, ray, say, pay, way, (says)

ay[i]:

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday

Pronunciation of the letter b in words

b[b]：

base, bad, bed, be, bike, bit, book, both, bus, cab, job, rob

mb/m/, bt/t/:

climb, comb, lamb, doubt

bb/b/:

cabbage, hobby, rabbit, rubber, rubbish

ble/bl/, bble/bl/:

table, bubble

Pronunciation of the letter c in words

C/k/(c comes before vowel letters a,o,u):

ca/kei/, ca/ k? /, ca/k ? /, co/k ? u/, co/k ? /,co/k ? /, coo/ku/, cu/k ? /

cage, cap, cock, come, cup, cut

C/k/(c comes before consonants):

clean, clear, cry, cross, fact, doctor

C/k/(c at the end):

music, picnic, traffic

C/s/(c comes before vowels E, I, Y):

cent, centre, city, cycle

Ce/s/ (at the end):

face, nice, ice

c/ ? /:

cia, cie, ciou[? ]：

social, sufficient, precious

Cc/k/ (before vowel letters A, O, U and consonant letters):

occasion, tobacco

Cc/ks (before vowels e, i, y):

accept, accident

ch[t? ]

china, child, children, each, lunch, much, teach

Ch [? ]:

ma-chi-ne ，champagne

ch/k/

ache, chemical, christmas, echo, technical

ck/k/

back, duck, lack, thick, chicken, pocket

Pronunciation of the letter d in words

d[d]

and, card, hand, need, dust, study

de/d/

made, ride, wide

dd/d/

add, odd, ladder, sudden, middle

d/ d? /

soldier

d//

wednesday, handsome, handkerchief

dge/ d? /

bridge, edge, judge, badge, knowledge

dj/ d? /

adjust, adjudge

dr/dr/

dream, dress, draw, hundred

Pronunciation of the letter e in words

e/i:/

he, she, even, fever, metre, these

e/e/

bed, desk, get, leg, lesson, message, neck, pen, rest, send, ten

e/i/

before, cinema, decide, enjoy, jacket, harvest, English, England

e/ ? /

open, garden, lilent, travel

ea/i:/

each, easy, eat, beat, cheap, dream, leaf, meat, sea, team

ea/e/

read, dead, head, breakfast, feather, ready, sweat, weather

ea/ei/

break, great

ea/i? /

area, idea, real, theater

ee/i:/

beef, deep, free, meet, green, sleep, agree, between, three

ee/i/

coffee, committee

ei/ei/

veil, vein , rein

ei/i:/

ceiling, receive

ei/ai/

either, neither

er/ ? :/

her, term, certain, persom, serve

er/a:/

clerk

er/ ? /

teacher, farmer, dinner, order, modern

ear/ i? /

ear, dear, fear, near, tear, year

ear/ε? /

bear, pear, wear

ear/ ? : /

early, earn, earth, learn, search

ear/a:/

heart

eer/i? /

beer, deer, pioneer, engineer

ere/ i? /

here, adhere, sphere

ere/ε? /

there, where

ere/ ? :/

were

eigh/ei/

eight, neighbor, weight, freight, sleigh

eigh/ai/

height

Pronunciation of the letter f in words

f/f/, fe/f/, ff/f/

leef, roof, fat, fan, fox, left, after, life, wife, off

f/v/

of

Pronunciation of the letter g in words

g/g/

game, gas, gold, good, gulf, get, got, gun, gift, girl, give, forget, begin

G/g/ (before consonants)

glad, glass, ugly, single

G/g/ (at the end of the word)

bag, dog, fog, leg, pig

g/ d? /

pigeon, vegetable, magic, gym

ge/ d? /

age, cage, large, page

gn/ ? /

foreign, gnaw, gnash, design

gg/g/

egg, foggy, wiggle, luggage

gg/d? /

suggest

gh//

fight, light, might, right, high, darghter,straight

gh/f/

laugh, tough, rough, enough, cough

gh/g/

ghost, ghastly

Pronunciation of the letter h in words

h/h/

hat, help, hill, home, hope, house

h//

hour, hourly, honest, vehicle, forehead

Pronunciation of the letter I in words

i/ai/

ind/aind/, ild/aild/

find, kind, mind, child, wild

i/i/

big, fish, gift, milk, give, pick, rich, ship, thin, this, give, wind, animal, capital, English, family, mistake

i/ ? /

holiday, april

ie/i:/

field, piece, thief, believe

ie/ai/

die, lie, pie, tie

ie/ai? /

diet, quiet, science, society

ie/e/

friend, firiendly, friendship

ir/ ? :/

bird, circle, first, girl, dirty, shirt, skirt, thirty

ire/ai? /

fire, hire, tire, wire, admire, desire, require

igh/ai/

bright, fight, light, night, right, high

ign/ain/

sign, assign, design, resign

Pronunciation of the letter j in words

j/d? /

injure, jeep, joke, jump, just

Pronunciation of the letter k in words

k/k/

ask, book, cake, desk, joke, kill, park, work

Kn/n/

knee, kneel, knife, knock, know

Pronunciation of the letter l in words

apple, black, clean, flag, hole, leg, nail, place

alf/a:f/, alm/a:m/, alk/ ? :k/,

calf, half, calm, chalk, talk

olk/? uk/,olm/? um/

folk, yolk, holm

ould/ud/

could, should, would

ll/l/

bill, call, dull, million, silly, yellow

Pronunciation of the letter m in words

m/m/

arm, camp, gum, lamp, room,map, room, warm

mm/m/

grammar, hammer, summer, swimming

Pronunciation of the letter n in words

bend, enter, fond, noble, pine, spend

nk/ ? k /, ng/ ? g/, nx/? ks/

bank, drink, ink, think

ng/ ? g/

anger, angle, English, single, hunger

ng/ ? /

bring, hang, king, long, sing, thing

mn/m/

autumn, column, hymn

nn/n/

dinner, funny, sunny, winner

Pronunciation of the letter o in words

o/ ? u/

go, no, hope, note, rose, smoke, hotel, both

o\ u:\

do, to, move

o/? /

come, love, some

o/ ? /

box, clock, dog, fox, job, shop, wrong

o/ ? /

consider, memory, obey, today, November

o/ ? /

come, some, money, none, ton, cover, glove, love, mother, other,one

oa/? u /

boat, coat, goal, road, soap, toast

oa/ ? : /

abroad, broad, broadcast

oar/ ? :/

board, roar, blackboard, keyboard

oi/ ? i /

boil, coin, point, soil, noise, choice

oy/ ? i /

boy, joy

oo/u:/

boot, choose, food, moon, pool, room, tooth, shoot, zoo

oo/u/

book, cook, hook, look, foot, goot, wood, wool

oo/? /

blood, flood

or/ ? :/

for, horse, north, short, sport, morning

or/ ? : /

word, work, world

or/ ? /

actor, doctor, mirror, visitor, forget, comfort

ou/ au /

loud, cloud, about, blouse, ground, mountain

ou/ ? u /

mould, shoulder

ou/u:/

group, route, soup, you, wound

ou/u/

could, should, would

ou/ ? /

country, courage, double, touch, young

ous/? s/

famous, dangerous, nervous

our/ au? /

our, hour, sour, flour

our/? :/

four, your, course, source

our/ ? /

colour, harbour, honour, labour

ow /au /

cow, how, now, down, flower, shower, power

ow/ ? u /

flow, grow, know, show, bowl, snow, window

ow/ ? /

knowledge, acknowledge

p/p/

cup, map, top, help, pig, open

p//

receipt, cupboard, psychology

ph/f/

graph, photograph, telegraph, geography, orphan, physics

pp/p/

apple, happen, happy, supper, upper

Pronunciation of the letter q in words

q/k/, que/k/

Iraq, cheque, unique, liquor, antique, technique

qu/kw/

quest, question, request, equal, square, quick

Pronunciation of the letter r in words

r/r/

red, rest, rat, read, agree, free, reach, thread

rr/r/

berry, carry, hurry, narrow, arrow

Pronunciation of the letter s in words

star, smile, spring, school, sweet, books, maps, helps

sk/sk/, sp/sp/, sq/sk/, st/st/

ask, desk, grasp, cast, list, rest, mosquito

s/z/

gosling, husband, wisdom, cosmetic, girls, rooms, begs

sia/ ? /

Asia, Asian, Persia

sion, ssion/ ? n/, sure, ssure/ ? u? /

version, mansion, ensure,extension, fassion, Russia, Russian,issure, pressure

sion/ ? n /,sure/? /

measure, pleasure, television, occasion

sh/ ? /

dish, brush, wash, she, ship, shell

ss/s/

lesson, possible, assist, message

Pronunciation of the letter t in words

t/t/

bat, cat, east, west, best, table, text, teddy, tell, told

t/? /, tial/? l/, tient/? n/

essential, potential, patience, patient

t/t? /, stion/t? n/

century, question

t//

listen, often, faster, castle, nestle, whistle, Christmas

tch/ t? /

catch, match, watch, Dutch, switch

th/θ/

three, thing, thank, throw, both, cloth, earth, mouth, tooth, nothing, method, birthday, athlete, through, throughout

th/ ? /

with, smooth, this, these, they, then, there, thus, than, the,though, although, bathe, father, mother

tion/ ? n /

nation, caution, mention, function

tt/t/

letter, matter, bottle, cattle, settle

ture/t? /

nature, adventure, future, mixture

Pronunciation of the letter u in words

u/ju:/

use, duty, future, excuse, huge, pupil

u/u:/

blue, rule, june, junior, include

u/? /

bus, cut, dust, just, sun, gun, fun, club, brush

u/u/

bush, full, pull, push

u/ ? /

autumn, column, injury, industry, minimum, support

ui/ju:/

suit, suitable, suitcase

ui/u:/

fruit, juice

ui/i/

build, biscuit, guitar, circuit, guilt

ur/ ? :/

nurse, turkey, hurt, church, burn, suburb

ur/ ? /

Saturday, surprise, survive, murmur, pursue,

ure/ju? /

cure, endure, mature, pure, secure

ure/ u? /

sure, insure, assure

ure/ ? /

nature, figure, measure, capture, closure, exposure

uy/ai/

buy, guy

Pronunciation of the letter v in words

v/v/

five, drive, travel, cover

Pronunciation of the letter w in words

w/w/

week, wet, well, winter, win, way, swim, twice, between

wr/r/

write, wrong, wrap, wreck, wrinkle

w//

who, whom, whose, whole, answer, two

wh/w/

what, when, where, which, white, why

Pronunciation of the letter x in words

x/ks/

box, six, text, next, exit

x/gz/

exist, exact, exam, example, exhaust, exhibit

x/ k? /

anxious

Pronunciation and spelling exercises of the letter y in words

y/j/

yes, year, you, yellow, young

y/ai/

my, sky, fly, cry, try, satisfy

y/i/

any, early, heavy, symbol, system

Pronunciation of the letter z in words

z/z/

zoo, zero, lazy, size

zz/z/

buzz, jazz, puzzle