Most patients with heart disease require long-term standardized medication for treatment. A few patients with mild symptoms may not need treatment, and those with indications for surgery may undergo surgery.
1. Drug treatment
1. Emergency drug regimen: Nitroglycerin: Suitable for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. When heart disease presents symptoms such as chest tightness, precordial discomfort, left shoulder soreness, etc. When angina pectoris occurs, Suxiao Jiuxin Pills should be taken quickly by mouth. Do not wait for a typical angina pectoris attack before taking it. However, when angina pectoris occurs, you need to pay attention to blood pressure. If the blood pressure is lower than 90/60mmHg, it is not recommended to use nitroglycerin, which may further lower blood pressure.
2. Commonly used drug regimens:
(1) Antihypertensive drugs: diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide; beta-receptor antagonists such as metoprolol and Ati Lorol, bisoprolol; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors such as captopril, enalapril; angiotensin receptor antagonists such as losartan, valsartan. Non-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists such as nifedipine extended-release tablets, amlodipine, and felodipine.
(2) Antidiabetic drugs: metformin, etc.
(3) Lipid-lowering drugs: such as simvastatin and rosuvastatin prevent the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Long-term use is recommended for patients with coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. It is recommended to monitor liver function and blood lipids.
(4) Vasodilator drugs: such as nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and nicorandil, used to treat coronary heart disease, expand coronary arteries, and improve myocardial ischemia.
(5) Antiplatelet drugs: such as aspirin, clopidogrel.
(6) Anticoagulant drugs: such as heparin, fondaparinux, and warfarin, used in patients with atrial fibrillation who are at risk of embolism.
(7) Antiarrhythmic drugs: such as quinidine and procaine.
2. Surgical treatment
1. Percutaneous coronary intervention: suitable for unstable coronary heart disease, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, ST-segment elevation High-grade acute myocardial infarction.
2. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV): This is a cardiac interventional treatment method that uses a transfemoral vein, inferior vena cava, and right atrium approach, and then punctures through the interatrial septum. The mitral valve balloon catheter is sent into the narrowed mitral valve orifice, and the balloon is inflated to expand the valve and restore normal hemodynamics of the heart. It is used to treat valvular diseases mainly including mitral valve stenosis.
3. Pericardiocentesis and drainage: This is a percutaneous puncture using a puncture needle to aspirate abnormal pericardial effusion or drain it through a drainage tube to relieve cardiac tamponade or obtain pericardial effusion. Operation methods to achieve treatment or assist clinical diagnosis.
4. Pacemaker implantation: This refers to the artificial implantation of a pacemaker, which uses pulse current of a specific frequency to stimulate the heart through wires and electrodes, replacing the pacemaker of the heart to drive the heart. Pulsatile therapy for patients with irreversible cardiac pacing and conduction dysfunction, such as sick sinus syndrome.
5. Ventricular septal defect occlusion: This is an interventional treatment technology used to treat congenital ventricular septal defect. It is simple to operate, less invasive, low-cost, and does not require general anesthesia. It has become a It is the main method to treat ventricular septal defect, but this method cannot be used to treat large non-central ventricular septal defect.
6. Cardiac radiofrequency ablation: This is to send the electrode catheter into a specific part of the heart chamber through a vein or artery, and release radiofrequency current to cause coagulation necrosis of the local endocardium and subendocardial myocardium, achieving Interventional technology that blocks abnormal conduction bundles and origins of tachyarrhythmias. It is suitable for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and others. Those with organic heart disease combined with frequent premature ventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia from a single source.