Ingredients: contains saponin, benzoic acid, mucilage and a lot of starch.
Tropism of nature and taste: bitter, pungent, warm and toxic. Enter lung, liver and spleen meridians.
Function: eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, expelling wind and relieving spasm. Pharmacological experiments show that the saponin can stimulate the gastric mucosa, cause slight nausea, reflexively increase bronchial secretion and produce expectorant effect. Experiments show that this product has obvious sedative, antispasmodic and analgesic effects.
(2) Polygala tenuifolia
Ingredients: containing saponin, polygala acid, resin, fatty oil, etc.
Tropism of nature and taste: pungent, bitter and slightly warm. Return to lung and heart meridian.
Function: calming the heart and calming the nerves, eliminating phlegm and inducing resuscitation, and eliminating carbuncle and swelling. It has been reported abroad that the saponin can stimulate gastric mucosal reflex to cause ciliary movement of respiratory mucosa, showing expectorant effect, and the polygala alcohol and polygala acid have expectorant effect, which can also increase the secretion of bronchial mucosa, and its expectorant effect is similar to that of Platycodon grandiflorum, but the intensity is slightly lower. It is often used in combination with other drugs as expectorant to treat chronic bronchitis and expectorant cough caused by various reasons.
Adverse reactions: large doses can cause nausea and vomiting. Patients with gastritis and gastric ulcer and pregnant women should use it with caution.
(3) Aster
Ingredients: contains aster saponin, aster ketone, quercetin, etc.
Nature and taste: bitter, sweet, slightly warm. Return to lung meridian.
Function: Eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. Traditional experience holds that this product can relieve cough and resolve phlegm; Experiments show that this product can significantly increase the secretion of respiratory glands, dilute sputum and cough up easily.
Its antitussive effect is not obvious. Experiments show that this product has antibacterial effect on staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus, typhoid Bacillus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is mainly used to treat cough with excessive phlegm and saliva and uncomfortable cough and vomiting.
(4) White mustard seed
Ingredients: contains glucosinolate, fatty oil, sinase, sinapine, etc.
Tropism of nature and taste: pungent and warm. Return to lung meridian.
Function: Warming lung, eliminating phlegm, benefiting qi, dispersing stagnation, dredging collaterals and relieving pain. As an anti-nausea expectorant, white mustard oil has slight irritation to gastric mucosa, resulting in mild nausea, reflecting the increase of bronchial secretion and expectorant. It is suitable for cough with excessive phlegm, fullness in chest and hypochondriac pain.
Adverse reactions: Excessive dosage can cause gastroenteritis, diarrhea, abdominal pain and other symptoms.
(5) Radix Peucedani
Ingredients: Peucedanum praeruptorum contains coumarins, Peucedanum praeruptolactone A, B, C and D.
Peucedanum purpurea contains furan coumarin, such as nodakenin and peucedanum purpurea.
Nature and taste: bitter, pungent, slightly cold. Return to lung meridian.
Function: lowering qi and eliminating phlegm, and dispersing wind and heat. Significantly increased respiratory secretion, no significant antitussive effect. Clinically, it is often combined with other traditional Chinese medicines to treat cough due to lung heat, thick phlegm and adverse qi, such as acute bronchitis.
(6) Farfara
Ingredients: It contains farfaral, arnica, saponin and volatile oil.
Nature and taste entering the meridian: pungent and warm, entering the lung meridian.
Function: moisten lung and lower qi, relieve cough and resolve phlegm. Experiments show that the expectorant effect of this product is similar to that of Platycodon grandiflorum. It still has a certain antitussive effect, which is not as good as Pinellia ternata and lasts for a short time.
Its alcohol extract can relieve bronchospasm caused by histamine in guinea pigs. This product is a commonly used expectorant and antitussive drug, which is often combined with Aster, and both of them have synergistic effect.
(7) Wild cassia
Ingredients: It contains saponin, volatile oil, alkaloids such as indirubine and sophocarpine.
Tropism of nature and taste: warm, cold, sweet and bitter. Return to lung meridian.
Function: Eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. The whole herb has expectorant effect, and high dose has emetic effect. Can partially replace the root-spitting preparation. Suitable for phlegm, asthma and cough. The monocrotaline has a strong respiratory excitation effect, and can be used for respiratory failure and neonatal asphyxia caused by acute infectious diseases. Sophocarpine has inhibitory effect on autonomic ganglia.
(8) Bai Qian
Ingredients: Contains triterpenoid saponins.
Tropism of nature and taste: pungent, sweet and flat. Return to lung meridian.
Function: Eliminating phlegm, reducing qi and relieving cough. It can be used for treating common cold, cough, acute bronchitis, chronic cough and excessive phlegm. It is often combined with Radix Platycodi, Radix Asteris and Radix Stemonae.
(9) Bamboo juice
Nature and taste: sweet, cold. Heart, lung and stomach meridian.
Function: clearing away heat and resolving phlegm. Clinical application has obvious expectorant effect, and also has antitussive, antipyretic and sedative effects, and is often used for cough with excessive phlegm.
Adverse reactions: generally no adverse reactions. Excessive can have mild diarrhea, so diarrhea should not be taken.
(10) light bamboo liquid
Function: This product has a good expectorant effect, and is suitable for chronic bronchitis to eliminate phlegm, and the symptoms are obviously relieved.
Adverse reactions: No adverse reactions were found.
(1 1) rhododendron
Ingredients: Leaves contain volatile oil, flavonoid quercitrin, quercetin (Eriobotryn -2), gossypol (Eriobotryn -3), etc.
Nature and taste: bitter, cold. Return to lung meridian.
Function: expectorant, antitussive and antiasthmatic. It is an expectorant from Chinese herbal medicine. It can directly act on respiratory mucosa, not through the central nervous system or through nerve reflex to produce expectorant effect. Pharmacological tests show that this product can promote the movement of tracheal cilia in rabbits, that is, promote the function of mechanical removal of foreign bodies in respiratory tract; It can gradually reduce the protein excreted from the respiratory tract, reduce the protein content secreted by the respiratory tract, and alleviate the non-specific inflammatory exudation. Clinically used in patients with chronic bronchitis, it can gradually reduce the amount of sputum, reduce the viscosity, dilute the sputum and cough up easily, thus alleviating the symptoms. Clinical comparison with bromhexine: taking this product 300mg or bromhexine 36mg a day, this product is more effective than bromhexine.
Adverse reactions: dry mouth, loss of appetite and heartburn. Large doses may have a reaction to the liver.
(12) pork dish
Ingredient: The whole grass contains hogwash and hogwash amide.
Tropism of nature and taste: pungent and cool. Return to lung meridian.
Function: clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation. Clinically, it is used to treat various types of chronic tracheitis with high curative effect and less toxicity and side effects. It is believed that its main function is expectorant, followed by antitussive. After taking the medicine, the amount of sputum in most patients is obviously reduced, and the sputum is easy to cough up, which has a good short-term effect.
Experiments show that the blood concentration of this product reaches its peak after oral administration for 6 ~ 8 hours. After the structural modification of this product, the cyano group was replaced by hydroxyl group, which did not affect the curative effect, but the toxicity could be greatly reduced.
Adverse reactions: mainly dry mouth, a few patients may have stomach discomfort, loss of appetite, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, dysuria and so on.
(13) Adenophora adenophora
Ingredient: that root of Adenophora verticillata contains triterpenoid saponin, and the root of Adenophora armeniaca contains coumarins.
Tropism of nature and taste: sweet and slightly cold. Enter the lung and stomach meridians.
Function: clearing lung and nourishing yin, benefiting stomach and promoting fluid production. Adenophora adenophora has expectorant effect, but the effect is worse than that of Aster and Arisaema, which can last for more than 4 hours. The water extract of Adenophora adenophora (1 ∶ 2) has inhibitory effects on dermatophytes such as Microsporum Odouangensis and Microsporum woollen in vitro.
(14) Phytolacca acinosa
Ingredients: The root contains pokeweed alkaloid and starch about 25%, and the roots and leaves all contain pokeweed toxin, oxidized myristic acid, triterpenoid acid, saponin and potassium nitrate.
Tropism of nature and taste: bitter, cold and toxic. Enter lung, kidney and large intestine meridian.
Function: diarrhea and diuresis, detumescence and stagnation, and phlegm. Phenol red method in mice and rabbits proved that the decoction, chloroform extract, sapogenin and ethanol extract of Phytolacca acinosa had obvious expectorant effect after intraperitoneal or intragastric administration. The effect of ethanol extract is more obvious. Injection is more effective than intragastric administration and is not affected by vagotomy. Initially, it is considered that it directly acts on tracheal mucosa, which increases gland secretion, dilutes sputum and is easy to discharge. However, because Phytolacca acinosa contains saponins, its expectorant effect of stimulating gastric mucosal reflex cannot be completely ruled out. Phytolacca acinosa alcohol extract can also accelerate the movement of tracheal cilia mucus in rabbits, which is beneficial to clear sputum in trachea. In addition, it can also make peripheral blood vessels contract, reduce vascular permeability and reduce inflammation, which is related to its expectorant effect. The experiment of inducing cough with ammonia water spray in mice proved that Phytolacca acinosa alkaloids had antitussive effect. Decoctions and tinctures have inhibitory effects on pneumococcus, dysentery bacillus and influenza bacillus. It also has different degrees of inhibition on skin fungi such as favus Hurland and Microsporum Odouane. Triterpenoid acid extracted from this product has anti-inflammatory effect, and its anti-inflammatory effect on rat foot swelling is similar to that of hydrocortisone.
Adverse reactions: A few patients may have symptoms of nasopharyngeal trunk and digestive tract. A large amount can stimulate gastrointestinal peristalsis to cause diarrhea, stimulate the center, cause muscle twitching of limbs, inhibit the heart, and finally die of respiratory muscle paralysis and myocardial paralysis.