Since Monsanto launched the first genetically modified herbicide-resistant soybean variety GTS40-3-2 for commercialization in 1996, the global planting area of ??genetically modified soybeans has continued to increase. According to statistics from the International Organization for the Application of Agricultural Biotechnology (ISAAA), In 2018, the global soybean planting area was 95.9 million hectares, accounting for 78% of the total soybean planting area. While the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans has brought huge economic benefits, the potential dangers to environmental safety have received a lot of attention. Current status of my country's genetically modified soybean imports: Soybeans originate in China and have a 5,000-year planting history in my country. They are one of the important food crops in my country. Since the 1990s, the domestic soybean industry has developed slowly, with low yields and low competitiveness. Coupled with the impact of imported soybeans, my country's soybean market is in trouble, and domestic soybean production cannot meet demand.

Since 1995, my country has begun to import soybeans. In 1997, it began to import 2.88 million tons of genetically modified soybeans from the United States into the country. As people's living standards improve, the demand for soybeans is getting higher and higher. According to data released by the General Administration of Customs of my country, my country’s total grain import volume in 2019 was 11.44 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 3.6%. Among them, soybean imports were 88.51 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.5, accounting for 79.4% of the year's grain imports. The imported soybeans were mainly genetically modified soybeans. In 2019, domestic soybean production was only 18.1 million tons. By 2020, my country has approved Dow AgroSciences’ herbicide-tolerant soybeans DAS-4406-6 and insect-resistant soybeans DAS81419-2. Monsanto Far East Co., Ltd. has herbicide-resistant genetically modified soybeans GTS40-3-2, herbicide-resistant soybeans MON89788, herbicide-resistant soybeans MON87708, improved quality characteristics herbicide-resistant soybeans MON87705, quality-improved soybeans MON87769, and insect-resistant soybeans M7751.

Insect-resistant soybeans MON Bayer CropScience’s herbicide-tolerant soybeans A2704-12, herbicide-tolerant soybeans A5547-127, and herbicide-tolerant soybeans FG72. DuPont's herbicide-resistant soybean 356043; and the imported biosafety certificates for genetically modified soybeans developed by Good Governance Danai herbicide soybean SYHT0H2 and other companies. In 2020, the herbicide-resistant soybean DBN-0904-6 also obtained an import safety certificate. The genetically modified soybean was developed by Beijing Dabeinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and commercially grown in Argentina. This is the first time that China has imported genetically modified soybeans developed by a domestic company. product. At the same time, in July 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs officially approved the safety certificates for agricultural genetically modified organisms such as SH\90; D? 3201 developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and China Sulfur 6106 developed by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Environmental safety assessment of genetically modified soybeans.

Possibility of exogenous gene drift in transgenic soybeans. With the expansion of the planting area of ??genetically modified soybeans, the problem of genetic drift caused by cultivated seeds, wild relatives, other crops and field weeds in genetically modified plants has become one of the main ecological dangers of the commercial release of genetically modified plants. China, the origin of soybeans, has more than 6,000 wild soybean varieties. If genetically modified soybeans are released into the environment, it is very likely that genetically modified soybeans will be transferred to wild relatives of soybeans. Research shows that hybrid suitability, breeding systems, pollination methods, seed dispersal pathways, etc. have various effects on genetic drift. Soybeans are highly magnetized water plants and can initiate water during the bud stage. Poehlman (1987) research showed that the natural pagan rate of American soybeans is less than 1, but research shows that some varieties have a pagan rate of 2.5. If two varieties are planted particularly close together, the pagan rate can reach 6.3.

In terms of the outcrossing rate of genetically modified soybeans, Japanese research shows that within a planting range of 0.7 meters, the outcrossing rate of grass-resistant genetically modified soybeans is 0.16 ~ 0.19, and no genetic drift will occur beyond 10.5 meters. Phenomenon. Research in Brazil shows that within a 1-meter planting range, the hybridization rate of grass-resistant transgenic soybeans is 0.52, and the maximum distance of genetic drift is 10 meters.

Through safety evaluation experiments and genetically modified component inspections, Huang Wenkun and others found that both wild soybeans and cultivated soybeans in China are likely to undergo genetic drift, with a drift frequency of 0.32 to 4.19 and a maximum drift distance of 15 meters. However, foreign genes are affected by firearms, vector insects, wind direction, etc. through pollen drift, so the risk of genetic drift can be minimized through firearm isolation, physical barriers, and other biological expressions. Will there be a super weed?

Herbicide-resistant soybeans are the main category of commercially grown genetically modified soybeans. The industry is worried that the resistance genes will not drift to weeds and will lead to super weeds. Years of research by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences on grass genetically modified soybeans AG5601, Huqiao 03-263, and Huqiao 06-698 have shown that the planting of genetically modified soybeans does not have much impact on the diversity of major weeds in soybean fields. Research by Song Xiaoling and others has shown that the survival competitiveness and breeding ability of genetically modified soybean GTS40-3-2 in Nanjing are significantly lower than existing local varieties. Studies by Hu Yuji and others have shown that the grass-resistant transgenic soybeans in MON? 87701RR2Y and MON? 87701 are comparable to the recipient soybean A5547 and cultivated soybean South in terms of competitiveness, breeding ability, volunteer seedlings, seed persistence, and shattering properties in farmland environments. There is not much difference between Agricultural 99-10. At the same time, two types of genetically modified soybeans contain ethylamine and ethylamine respectively. The impact of genetically modified soybeans on the biodiversity of non-target arthropods

The potential impact of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified soybeans on non-target arthropods in the field has been studied personnel and the focus of public attention. Current research shows that after 3 years of artificial weeding of genetically modified soybean GE-J16 sprayed with glyphosate and non-electronically modified soybean Jack, the arthropod diversity index, uniformity index, advantage concentration index, have the same change trend, and the same There are no finger differences during childbirth. According to research by Chen Wei et al., glycyrrhizic genetically modified soybeans SH\90; D? 32-01 are super licorice, SH\90; There was no statistical difference in the number of major arthropods such as worms and Chinese grass lobsters, and the characteristics of the arthropod community. The impact of genetically modified soybeans on soil microbial communities

The soil ecosystem is most closely related to the cultivation of genetically modified crops. The impact of genetically modified soybeans on non-target microorganisms in the soil is one of the most important research contents in the environmental safety assessment of genetically modified crops. . Dopamine et al. compared the genetically modified herbicide-resistant soybean ZH10-6 with Zhongsulfur 10 for three consecutive years. The results showed that the changes in the number of soil bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in different years and different growth stages were similar, and the impact on the number of microorganisms was consistent. The differences Not significant (P greater than 0.05). Zhang Zhuo et al.’s analysis of the functional diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial community by the grass-resistant transgenic soybean AG5601 showed that the grass-resistant transgenic soybean AG5601 did not have a long-term and important impact on the functional diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial community. Studies by Yang Zhiguo and others have shown that insect-resistant/grass-resistant compound transgenic soybean ZB (ZB) and grass-resistant transgenic soybean GTS40-3-2 (GTS) do not have much impact on field soil microbial communities and nematode communities.

Looking forward, with the major special implementation of the national cultivation of new varieties of genetically modified organisms, my country's research on genetically modified soybeans has made great progress, and genetically modified technology has gradually matured, and genetically modified technology will play an increasingly important role in the process of genetic improvement of soybeans. In 2020, the country approved three domestically produced genetically modified soybeans to enter industrialization. At the same time, our country continues to improve regulations related to genetically modified safety, protect consumers’ right to know, and establish a reasonable and feasible regulatory system from the central to local governments. my country’s genetically modified safety management system is very strict. We have established and improved an overall regulatory system, and the environmental safety of genetically modified soybeans has been effectively guaranteed. .