One-year-old seedlings are 3~4cm in height, with 1~2 leaves, 10 ~ 14cm in length and 0.4 ~ 0.8cm in thickness. They are shaped like small carrots, with 3-4 thin roots and a terminal bud at the root neck of the ground. 2-year-old seedlings are 25 ~ 30cm high,12 ~16cm long,14 ~1.6cm thick, with 6~8 fine roots and 1~2 terminal buds at the root neck, which are generally transplanted from summer to the millennium.
Three-year-old seedlings (in the first year after planting) have a plant height of about 30 cm, a root length of 20-25 cm, a root thickness of 2-25 cm, 5-6 roots, a diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm and 3-4 terminal buds. 4~5-year-old seedlings can bloom.
Paeonia lactiflora generally has 1 ramet in 2~3 years, and the rooting and propagation methods of ornamental and medicinal types are different. When propagating by dividing roots, dig out the mother plant (the original pond), remove the host soil, cut off the old hard rot with a sharp knife, and cut 3~5 buds into a cluster, which conforms to the natural texture and does not hurt the bud mouth.
Each 3-year-old mother plant can be divided into 3~5 clusters, and the roots can be combined with root sets to process peony. Proper rooting is beneficial to the growth of new plants and the yield of Paeonia lactiflora, but don't covet that rooting will affect the growth of new plants. After rooting, dry it in the shade. When the wound forms a soft scar, soak the plant in the soil (properly mix some sulfur powder and calcium superphosphate), and then plant it in the leeward.
Generally, ramet propagation can only bloom every other year. In order not to affect the appreciation of flowers, the methods of stealing ponds or changing ponds are usually adopted. The difference between the method of stealing pond and the general propagation by dividing roots is that instead of digging up the original pond, only one side is dug with a small shovel to expose some root buds, and then they are quickly cut off and taken out for planting. The clearing in the original pond was filled with soil and compacted. Don't cut more than half of the original pond.
The replacement method is to dig up the plants in the nursery every two rows, reproduce them according to the general rooting method, and add a new pond on the basis of the original pond, and so on for three years.
Cultivation techniques of ornamental peony;
First, variety selection
Potted plants should choose double or semi-double varieties with short plant type, strong adaptability and bright colors. In addition to large flowers, many petals, bright colors, beautiful shapes and long flowering period, fresh cut flowers also require varieties with high and hard stems, developed roots, strong branches and vigorous growth.
Second, land selection and land preparation
The site selection is the same as the cultivation of medicinal materials. When preparing the soil, apply 3000 kilograms of decomposed compost and manure. Disinfect the soil with 1% chloropicrin or formaldehyde before planting. You can choose pots with a diameter of 25-30 cm and a depth of 20-25 cm. The culture soil is required to be loose, fertile and easy to drain.
Third, colonization.
1Average daily temperature in early and middle October 14- 17℃. If it is as low as 10℃, cover it with black plastic film until it germinates. When planting, the plant spacing varies with varieties, and the hole is about 30 cm wide and 20 cm deep.
When planting seedlings, it is practical to cover the soil and check whether the buds are flush with the ground. If it is lower than the ground, it should be raised to be flush, and then covered with soil until the holes are full, compacted, and covered with soil by 8- 10 cm to make a small mound, so as to achieve the purpose of heat preservation and moisture preservation and prevent people and animals from trampling. When potted, the covering thickness shall be subject to the covering of flower buds.
Fourth, on-site management
When planted in the ground, water it 1 time after planting. Potted water, like other plants, should be watered in time according to the season and the needs of plant growth. In 1 year after planting, 2,500-4,000 kg of decomposed compost or manure is applied to the field where fresh cut flowers are harvested, and 2,500 kg is applied in the following year. Fertilization time is divided into spring fertilizer, autumn fertilizer and post-flowering fertilizer, and post-flowering fertilizer is the most.
The key points of management are to strengthen fattening after planting 1 year, cultivate plants, pick buds without flowering, cover the border with grass in early autumn, and cut flowers the next year after planting.
Through management, the coordinated growth and development of aboveground and underground parts of plants can be adjusted, and 5000-7000 fresh cut flowers can be produced per mu without affecting the growth of roots. During pregnancy and flowering, axillary buds and extra buds should be picked in time. 1 Only buds are left on the flower stem.
Fifth, adjust the flowering period
The flowering period of Paeonia lactiflora in Zhejiang is from April to May, which is in the peak season of flowers, which is not conducive to the supply of Paeonia lactiflora in the market and needs to be adjusted. There are two methods: promoting culture and inhibiting culture.
1. Promote cultivation: give the plants a low temperature period below zero, release the dormancy of low-temperature plants, and then carry out heat preservation and heating cultivation to advance the flowering period.
2. Suppression culture: The plants before germination are kept at -2℃ and taken out about 50 days before flowering, and the flowering is delayed by conventional culture.
Both of the above methods use temperature control, which requires controlled conditions and equipment. In commodity production, there is no doubt that investment and production costs need to be increased. Therefore, cultivating varieties that bloom in different seasons and taking effective fresh-keeping measures will help peony to enter the market.