Meat is divided into two kinds of animal meat and poultry meat. Livestock meat, including pork, beef and lamb; poultry meat, including chicken, duck and goose. They can provide the protein, fat, inorganic salts and vitamins that the human body needs. The nutritional composition of meat varies greatly depending on the type of animal, age, part and degree of fatness. Protein content is generally 10% to 20%; carbohydrates in meat content is very low, an average of 1% to 5%; vitamin content of the animal's viscera, especially the liver for the most, which is not only rich in B vitamins, but also contains a large number of vitamin A; the total amount of inorganic salts is 0.6% to 1.1%, generally lean meat in the content of the fat meat, and the visceral organs and more than the lean meat in the more.
Summary: meat food can provide the body needs protein, fat, inorganic salts and vitamins.
Vegetable nutrition
Vegetables contain a lot of water, usually 70% to 90%, in addition to a small amount of protein, fat, sugar, vitamins, inorganic salts and fiber. To determine the nutritional value of vegetables, mainly depends on the amount of vitamin B, C, carotene. According to scientific analysis, the darker the color of the vegetables, the more vitamins B, C and carotene, green vegetables are listed by nutritionists as Class A vegetables, mainly spinach, rape, cabbage, parsley, cabbage, cabbage, potherb mustard, potherb mustard and so on. These vegetables are rich in vitamins B1, B2, C, carotene and a variety of inorganic salts, their nutritional value is high.
Of course, not all, carrots contain carotene is high, and also contains cancer prevention of essential elements and can lower blood pressure succinic acid potassium salt; purple eggplant contains high vitamin D; chili peppers, persimmon peppers contain vitamin C and carotene is also high. Vegetables are rich in inorganic salts, such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, etc. These inorganic elements, the last metabolite in the body is alkaline, so vegetables are very important for the maintenance of acid-base balance in the body.
However, some vegetables, such as spinach, amaranth, water spinach, bamboo shoots, onions, wild rice, although rich in calcium, but also high in oxalic acid, easy to form calcium oxalate precipitation, affecting the absorption of calcium. So for infants, pregnant women, patients with bone fractures, minimize the consumption of vegetables containing too much oxalic acid. There is experimental evidence that too much partiality spinach affects the absorption of zinc.
Vegetables contain cellulose, hemicellulose, essential oils and pectin are not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, which can prevent or reduce the absorption of cholesterol. So eat more fresh vegetables is conducive to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Leaf moss:
It is an important source of inorganic salts and vitamins. In this kind of vegetables especially green leafy vegetables for vegetable food representatives, such as rape, cabbage, potherb mustard, capers, leeks and so on contains more carotene, vitamin C, and contains a certain amount of vitamin B2.
Leafy green vegetables contain more calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese and so on, and calcium, phosphorus and iron are better absorbed and utilized, and become an important source of calcium and iron It is an important source of calcium and iron because of better absorption and utilization of calcium, phosphorus and iron. However, some vegetables (spinach, amaranth, cabbage) contain more oxalic acid, which can be combined with calcium to form insoluble calcium oxalate, which cannot be absorbed by the body. If you blanch the vegetables with water before frying to remove the astringent flavor, you can remove the oxalic acid.
Oilseed rape. Oilseed rape a brassica, seeds and vegetable oil can be used for medicinal purposes. Gleanings from the Materia Medica says: "Brassica rapa breaks the blood, and is boiled and eaten by women in labor. Zi pressure to take the oil, head to make the hair long black, and cooking, the main waist and feet paralysis". Luo's will be about the medical realm" said: "rue moss ...... pounded canker sores and poison, the effect is as God." "Zi and the same function, cure difficult labor." Oilseed rape seeds or leaves can cure pediatric dandruff. Oilseed rape boiled juice or pounded and twisted juice can cure acute breast pain, nameless swollen poison. Vegetable oil can also cure all insects into the ear.
Cabbage. Cabbage is rich in nutrients, soft and tender, fresh and palatable, rich in vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene. And there is also a pass through the stomach and intestines, in addition to the chest annoyance, detoxification, sobering up, eliminating food and gas, and in the middle, and the big, small stools and other functions. Pounding juice can cure cassava poisoning, but also can cure colds, and brown sugar, ginger together with the decoction. Cabbage and mung bean sprouts, amaranth, together with pounded, external application can be cured of dengue poisoning.
Mustard. Mustard is pungent, warm and non-toxic. Eating for a long time is the accumulation of warmth into heat, pungent dispersal is too abundant, consume people's true energy, liver and wood disease, dim people's eyes, hair people hemorrhoids.
Mustard leaves for potherb mustard, its nutritional value is very high, each gram contains calcium, iron, carotene, vitamin C a lot, but also contains vitamin B1, B2, niacin.
Mustard sticks can cure swollen gums. Fresh mustard pounded juice can cure coughing blood. Mustard seeds and radish seeds, orange peel, licorice decoction can cure chronic bronchitis. Fresh mustard decoction tea drink to cure urinary incontinence. Mustard root powder, honey water can cure dysentery.
Chives. Chives warm in the lower gas, fill the deficiency, harmonize the internal organs, benefit the sun, stop bleeding pus. Leek warm liver and kidney. Helping the sun to fix the role of the essence is outstanding. Leek leaves hot root temperature, raw is pungent dispersal of blood, cooked is sweet and tonic. Leek is good for high blood fat and coronary heart disease, because it not only contains volatile oil and sulfide has the effect of lowering blood fat, and it contains cellulose also plays a role.
Chives still have more carotene, vitamin B, C and calcium, phosphorus, iron and other minerals.
In the clinical application of leek juice can cure choking and regurgitation, chest and epigastric pain; root decoction can cure hemorrhoids, prolapse, uterine prolapse. Roots and leaves pounded juice can cure chronic constipation. Leek juice, ginger juice with sugar can cure nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Leek seed powder, and flour to make cakes steamed food on children's bedwetting has a certain effect.
Spinach. Spinach is rich in vitamin A original, B, C and iron. Can be beneficial to the five organs, through the stomach and intestines heat, detoxification of alcohol, cold large and small intestines; through the blood, open the chest and diaphragm, down the gas regulating the middle, quench thirst and moisten dryness.
Spinach fried, the nature of its bias in the calm; boiled soup to eat, there is a cold lubricating properties, can pass urine, stomach, clear heat.
Spinach seeds and white and, the hundred powder to do pills can cure tuberculosis. With wild chrysanthemum decoction water service can cure the wind fire red eyes. Fresh spinach mashed juice is good for night blindness. At the same time, spinach root, dry chicken gold decoction can cure diabetes. It is also useful for high blood pressure, headache, dizziness and constipation.
Roots and tubers:
Roots and tubers are foods between grain and vegetables. Such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, taro, etc., containing more starch, can supply more calories. This kind of vegetable per 100 grams can supply 330 ~ 420 kilojoules (79 ~ 100 kcal), (general vegetables per 100 grams of heat for 40 ~ 170 kilojoules (10 ~ 41 kcal). Its protein, inorganic salt and vitamin content is relatively low. But carrots and sweet potatoes, which have a reddish-yellow color, are a good source of carotene.
Potatoes. Potatoes are sweet and flat in nature and belong to the stomach and large intestine meridians. It has the function of tonifying the qi, anti-inflammatory and strengthening the spleen, and is the main treatment for mumps, stomach and duodenal ulcers, habitual constipation and burns.
The protein content of potato is only about 2%, but it is rich in potassium salts and vitamin C, and less vitamin C loss in the cooking process. It is also an easy food to digest and absorb.
Sweet potato. Contains a mucus protein, a mixture of polysaccharide proteins, with the role of maintaining the elasticity of the arterial blood vessel wall, can prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis, as well as reduce subcutaneous fat, to avoid the role of obesity. In addition, contains more vitamin C and carotene. Therefore, there is a "longevity food" said.
Chi mushrooms. Ci mushrooms are bitter and sweet in flavor, slightly cold. It has the effect of moisturizing the lungs and stopping coughs, and promoting the flow of blood. The main treatment of postpartum blood stuffy, fetal clothing, cooked food has moisturized the lungs to stop coughing. Where the lungs are hot and dry, coughing up blood, it is appropriate to add honey steamed food.
Taro. Taro is sweet and pungent, flat. It has the effect of tonifying the qi and kidney, breaking the blood and dispersing knots. Taro cooked food has the effect of tonic moisturizing dryness. Where the spleen and kidney yin deficiency, yin deficiency due to internal dryness, eating less thin, long diarrhea and blood, thirst and constipation should be eaten. Boiled soup or medicine, has the effect of breaking the blood to disperse the knot. Where qi and blood stagnation, meridian stasis caused by abdominal fetish lumps, scrofula, swelling and poison should be eaten.
Melons and eggplant fruits:
This group of vegetables is relatively low in nutritional value, most of which are marketed in the summer and fall seasons, and are a source of inorganic salts and vitamins in seasons when there are fewer leafy greens.
Chili peppers top the list of vegetables in vitamin C, and are also richer in carotene and phosphorus. Pumpkin and bonnet contain more carotene.
Bitter melon. Bitter melon smell bitter cold and non-toxic, with the removal of evil heat, relief of fatigue, clearing the mind and eyesight, beneficial to the efficacy of Yang. Cooked is red in color, taste sweet and flat, nourish the blood and calm the liver, moisten the spleen and tonify the kidney. Bitter melon vitamin C content is higher than the average leafy greens, and has a hypoglycemic effect.
Tomatoes. Tomatoes are sweet, sour and slightly cold. It has the effect of generating fluids to quench thirst, strengthening the stomach and eliminating food, cooling the blood and calming the liver, clearing heat and removing toxins, and lowering blood pressure.
Contains a variety of minerals, vitamin A original and B.
Eggplant. Eggplant is sweet, cold, non-toxic, with blood dispersal, pain relief, remove blood stasis, diuretic, swelling, wide intestinal function. Eggplant contains saponin, with cholesterol-lowering efficacy.
Mycorrhizae:
Edible mushrooms can be divided into two categories: wild mushrooms and cultivated mushrooms. There are about 200 kinds of wild, delicious flavor, such as mushrooms, chanterelles and so on. Cultivated edible mushrooms are mainly mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, fungus, black fungus and so on. The nutrient content of edible mushrooms is not outstanding, but the flavor is beautiful, is a good cooking dishes, while some kinds of health effects and medicinal value.
Shiitake mushrooms. Otherwise known as shiitake mushrooms. Sweet and flat, appetizing, cure ulcer turbidity incontinence. After chasha bean, postpartum, after the disease avoid. Performance of wind. Contains many kinds of amino acids, but also contains substances to reduce blood lipids, or a kind of anti-rickets food, can cure intestinal wind and blood, cervical cancer.
Mullein. Taste sweet, flat, function for the benefit of gas not hunger, moistening the lungs and brain, light body and strong will, break the grain to cure hemorrhoids, and blood and nourish the glory.
Contains protein, fat, sugar and inorganic salts. Mainly used for treating leakage in collapse, bleeding hemorrhoids, hypertension, vascular sclerosis, constipation. It can reduce blood clotting and has the effect of preventing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Wild vegetables:
Wild vegetables are rich in carotene, riboflavin, ascorbic acid and folic acid and other vitamins, the content of which generally exceeds the usual vegetables. The carotene content of many wild vegetables is higher than 4mg/100g. The protein content of wild vegetables is generally higher than that of vegetables, and the amino acid composition is more balanced, and its tryptophan and lysine can supplement the defects of cereal protein.
Wild vegetables are rich in many kinds of vitamins, but some of them often contain toxic substances when serving should pay special attention.
Amaranth. Sour taste cold, with heat detoxification, blood dispersal and swelling effect. The main treatment of hot dysentery pus and blood, fever, blood gonorrhea, pain and swelling, dengtoxin, scrofula, etc., on acute enteritis, lung disease is effective. It contains vitamin A original, B, C and potassium salt, etc. In addition, it also contains oxalic acid, flavonoids, resin, etc..
Amaranth has an inhibitory effect on dysentery bacillus, typhoid bacillus and staphylococcus aureus.
Shepherd's purse. Taste sweet, flat. It has the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxification, stopping bleeding and lowering blood pressure. Shepherd's purse decoction has the effect of excitation of nerves, promote respiration, reduce blood pressure and shorten the clotting time in animals. Contains carotene, flavonoid glycosides, choline, calcium, iron, vitamin C and so on.
High blood pressure, celiac disease, vomiting blood, hemoptysis, epistaxis, bleeding gums, nephritis and edema have a certain effect.
Vegetables for the family in the daily diet of essential food, due to improper storage of vegetables or cooking methods are not appropriate, can occur after eating the phenomenon of poisoning, not to mention that some vegetables themselves contain certain toxins, therefore, eat vegetables should pay attention to the following points:
Vegetables should not be stored for too long. Some vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, radish and other nitrate substances, storage for too long, decay will occur. Certain bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, prismatic bacillus, etc., will reduce nitrate to nitrite; make the blood-carrying low iron hemoglobin oxidized into high iron hemoglobin that can not carry oxygen, which causes headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms.
Unripe tomatoes should not be eaten. Unripe tomatoes contain a toxic component of lycopene. The content of ripe tomatoes is very small, and the content of unripe ones is higher, and people will be poisoned after eating them, manifesting as dizziness, nausea, vomiting and so on.
Wild mushrooms should not be eaten. Wild mushrooms such as white cap mushrooms, saddle mushrooms, lady's mantle mushrooms, etc., peculiar appearance, bright color, containing a variety of toxins, after accidental ingestion of central nervous system poisoning, insanity; some of them are vomiting, diarrhea, liver failure, acute hemolytic anemia, and in severe cases, life-threatening.
Fresh cauliflower should not be eaten. Fresh yellow cauliflower contains a non-toxic colchicine, absorbed by the human intestinal tract, transformed into toxic dioxycolchicine, which can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, etc., and in severe cases, blood in the stool, blood in the urine. Dried cauliflower is made from fresh cauliflower by steaming and drying, which contains colchicine has been destroyed, so it can be safely eaten. Fresh cauliflower poisoning after eating, available mung beans, licorice boiled hydrolysis of its poison.
Bitter melon with bitter seeds should not be eaten. General bitter melon contains bitter melon glycosides, usually no obvious toxicity. The seeds of bitter melon with a bitter taste of bitter melon, which contains a lot of bitter melon glycosides, people eat can cause dizziness, abdominal pain and other symptoms of poisoning.
Uncooked fall lentils should not be eaten. Lentils contain two kinds of toxins: one for the lentils in the agglutinin; another for the beans in the hemolysin. Mature fall lentils contain extremely high levels. If they are not fully cooked, headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms often occur after consumption. Therefore, cooking lentils, should be thoroughly heated and cooked cooked.
It is not advisable to eat pickles that are not well-pickled. Some families in the pickle, often with insufficient salt, so that part of the bacteria are not inhibited, so that the nitrate in the dish is reduced to harmful nitrite, this chemical change in the pickle about a week or so after the peak. If eaten at this time, very unsafe, acute nitrite poisoning can occur.
Nutritional preservation
●Picked and washed
①Running water rinse, do not soak in water, so as to avoid the loss of vitamin C and vitamin B in the vegetables;
② vegetables washed and then sliced, cut, can reduce the loss of inorganic salts and vitamins in the vegetables;
③ Do not cut too much chopped, or easy to be oxidized and lead to the loss of vitamins; can use the If you can tear or break it with your hands, you don't need to cut it with a knife, which can also reduce the loss of vitamins;
④Cutting vegetables should be cooked immediately after cutting them, and the longer they are left, the greater the loss of nutrients.
●Cooking
①The loss of vitamins in vegetables varies with different methods of cooking. The shorter the heating time, the less nutrient loss. Rapid stir-frying over high heat results in the least loss of nutrients in vegetables; blanching and boiling vegetables results in less loss of nutrients, but the water-soluble vitamins and minerals in the vegetables will dissolve in water, so if possible, you can drink the broth to absorb the nutrients. Barbecue, frying is the most serious method of nutritional damage to vegetables, try not to use this method.
②Blanching vegetables, the fire should be big, time should be short, to be in the water boiling vegetables, to boil into boiling out. Do not squeeze the water in the vegetables to avoid the loss of vitamins.
③If you like to eat fried vegetables, you must give the vegetables on the batter hanging paste. Mixed with starch and egg batter wrapped around the vegetables and then fried, the batter on the surface of the vegetables to form a protective "wall", so that the water and nutrients in the vegetables will not be a large number of overflow, but also reduce the vitamins due to the high temperature and a large number of decomposition.
④Vegetables to eat how much cut how much fried how much, a meal to eat the best, repeated heating of the leftovers will be less and less nutrients.
⑤ Cooking tools are best iron pot, iron spoon, iron heat transfer fast, can reduce the cooking time, but also can make the dish to increase the body's need for iron, prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia and other diseases.
6 do not use copper pot. Copper ions will accelerate the destruction of nutrients in vegetables.
⑦ Do not use aluminum pots, aluminum can cause Alzheimer's disease.