I, biological characteristics. Yellow cauliflower is a perennial herbaceous hosta, plant height 30~90 cm, with short rhizomes and thick spindle-shaped fleshy roots. Fleshy roots can be divided into fusiform roots and cylindrical roots, the root system is tufted, adventitious roots occur from the nodes of the shortened rhizome, mainly distributed in the soil layer 20~50 cm from the ground. The adventitious roots first form tuberous roots and long fleshy roots, and in the fall, slender roots emerge from the fleshy roots. The stems can be divided into aboveground scapes (pseudostems) and underground rhizomes. The scape is 80~130 cm long, and the flower shoots are drawn out from the leaf clusters, bearing racemose or pseudo-bifurcate branched panicles at the top, with 4~8 flowering branches. Branches with lanceolate bracts, branches bearing single flowers.
Each flower shoot produces 20-60 flowers one after another. Underground stem is also called a short stem, leaf basal, broad linear, in two rows, 2-3 cm wide, up to 50 cm long, abaxial keel protrusion, tender green. Early summer flowering, flowers large, funnel-shaped, about 10 cm in diameter, perianth lobes oblong, the lower part of the synthetic perianth tube, the upper part of the spreading and revolute, the edge of the undulate, orange-red. Anthers with different varieties of yellow, brown or purple, flowering period in early June to mid-July, each flower only open 1 d. Capsule oblong angular, 1.5-2 cm long, about 1 cm in diameter, dorsal cleft, within the glossy black seeds, irregularly prismatic, smooth, the fruit is rarely able to develop, the production of seed is often required to pollinate artificially. The mass of 1,000 grains is 20~25 g.
As shown in the picture
II. Cultivation Technology
(A) Plot Selection
Yellow cauliflower has strong adaptability to growth and a wide range of soil conditions, but if you want to get a high yield, you should prefer the flat and gently sloping land that has a loose, deep, fertile soil layer, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and convenient drainage and irrigation, and cultivate the area that is relatively centralized and continuous, free of environmental pollution, and conveniently accessible. The cultivation area is relatively centralized, free of environmental pollution and convenient for transportation.
(2) Selection of varieties
Select varieties with strong resistance to disease, more tillers, good quality, high yield, can also be used in a combination of early and late maturing varieties of cultivation methods, make full use of the farm time, to facilitate the picking of buds, reasonable arrangement of labor.
(C) Planting
Spring and fall are the prime seasons for planting cauliflower. Spring planting in mid to late April, fall planting in late September or early October. Autumn planting of cauliflower, root storage nutrients are more conducive to the formation of tillers and high survival rate, so autumn planting is better than spring planting. Before planting, the seedling roots should be pruned to remove all the old nodes and roots at the base, leaving only 3~4 layers of new roots, and the new roots can be cut and left 3~5 cm to stimulate the formation and development of the root mass. Generally 33 cm×66 cm spacing, planting density of 3000 holes / 667 m2, planting hole depth of 20 cm, diameter 25 cm. Before planting, a certain amount of basic fertilizer is applied to the hole and mixed evenly with the soil, and then the rooted seedling is planted in the hole, with 2-3 pieces in each hole, seedling spacing of 10 cm, and a planting depth of 15-20 cm, so that the seedling is exposed to the surface of the soil by 3-4 cm. After planting, watering in a timely manner, when the soil is moist, timely cultivation and loosening of soil to retain moisture.
As shown in the picture
(4) Field management
1. Spring seedling cultivation. In the spring before the sprouting of cauliflower seedlings, shallow ploughing 1 time, followed by burying the seedling fertilizer, per hectare of 15 t of rotted farmyard manure or urea 150~225 kg, 150 kg of calcium superphosphate, 75~150 kg of potassium sulphate, and watering in a timely manner, to promote the spring seedling early, fast development and growth of thick, for the flower shoots and buds to lay the foundation for the differentiation of the number and quality of the flower shoots. Yellow cauliflower after vigorous nutritional growth into the flower shoots differentiation period, both yellow cauliflower yield and quality of the decision stage, but also its entire life span of the period of the most fertilizer needs.
Before the sprouting of flower shoots, it is necessary to do shallow plowing and weeding for 1 time, and then fertilize in time with plowing for 1 time (known as sprouting fertilizer), applying three-element compound fertilizer (17-17-17) 225 kg/hm2 to promote the development of flower shoots and buds, and to make the shoots thick and sturdy with more branches and buds early. When it is about to enter the harvesting period, in order to supplement the nutrition of cauliflower, keep the leaves green, prevent the early decline of fertilizer, and achieve the purpose of promoting the buds, improving the rate of buds, prolonging the harvesting period, increasing the yield of cauliflower, and maintaining the good quality of cauliflower, it should be fertilized one more time (known as the increase of buds fertilizer) by applying the three-element composite fertilizer (17-17-17) 225-300 kg/hm2, and mixing it with water to sprinkle the inter-root of cauliflower. In addition, during the whole period of bud picking, the fertilizer should be applied to the roots of cauliflower. In addition, during the whole period of picking buds, several times of extra-root fertilization can be carried out to promote yellow cauliflower buds and prevent de-budding. That is, use 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sprayed after 17:00. In the rainy season, do a good job of ditching and drainage and preventing flooding and stains. Yellow cauliflower shoots and blooms in the drought will cause bud loss and yield reduction, should be watered in time to preserve moisture, improve yield and ensure quality.
2. Autumn seedling management. One is to mow the shoots in time. Yellow cauliflower buds harvested, should be cut in a timely manner flower shoots, prompting early leaf early fall seedlings. Second, timely fertilization. The end of the last harvest of cauliflower, watering with the application of rotted farmyard manure 18~22.5 t/hm2, prompting the autumn seedling thick and strong, thus laying the foundation for the next year's high-yield stable production. Thirdly, plow and weed. Autumn seedlings on the ground part of the growth of frost withering, timely removal of dead leaves, weeds, while in the rows of deep plowing and loosening the soil 1 time. Fourth, heavy application of winter fertilizer. Combined with plowing, heavy application of winter fertilizer to promote the long roots of cauliflower, enhance the plant's ability to resist the cold, and promote its safe winter. The amount of winter fertilizer should be based on soil fertility and fertilizer type, generally per hectare of rotted pig and sheep manure 22.5~30 t, or 15 t of rotted human urine, or cake fertilizer 600~900 kg, mixed with three-element composite fertilizer (17-17-17) 300 kg. Fertilizer application method is to be between the rows of yellow cauliflower and from the bush 10 cm, open a width of 15~20 cm, 15 cm deep fertilizer furrow, deep application, mulching after application, and then the soil is covered. The method is to open a 15-20 cm wide and 15 cm deep fertilizer furrow between the rows and 10 cm from the plants, and then apply the fertilizer y and cover the soil after application to improve the fertilizer effect.
As shown in the picture
Three, reasonable harvesting
(a) Harvesting time
Yellow cauliflower bloomed 1~2 h, when the buds are dark yellow, full and shiny, start picking. Requirements for picking before 10:00. Harvest every day during the harvesting period without any reason.
(2) Harvesting method
Hold the top of the inflorescence with one hand, pick the buds with one hand, gently and carefully, with the tip of the flower without a stalk, without damaging the flower, without touching the young buds. At the same time, it is important to prevent the removal of inflorescences from affecting the regrowth of inflorescences and resulting in a reduction in yield.