Heat stroke refers to the disorder of human body temperature regulation caused by high temperature, excessive accumulation of heat in the body, resulting in damage to nerve organs. In the classification of heat stroke, it is severe heat stroke. The disease usually occurs in summer when high temperatures are accompanied by high humidity. In hot weather, if you are sweating profusely or feeling dazed, you should pay attention to cooling down. If someone becomes comatose under high temperatures, the unconscious person should be immediately moved to a ventilated and cool place, and cold water should be poured to lower the body temperature of the unconscious person. Subsequently, body temperature changes should be continuously monitored. Those with a high fever of around 40°C that persists should be immediately sent to an experienced hospital. Fluid resuscitation treatment is carried out in hospitals, and it must not be underestimated as ordinary heat stroke, which will delay the treatment time.

Symptoms and signs

Patients may experience local muscle spasm, high fever, no sweat, dry mouth, coma, elevated blood pressure, cough, asthma, difficulty breathing, or even respiratory failure. The most severe type of heat stroke.

Etiology Analysis

Because continuous muggy heat will reduce the heat dissipation function of human skin, and infrared rays can penetrate the skin directly to the deep layers of the muscle, and the heat in the body cannot be dissipated. At this time, the heat accumulates in the organs. organs and muscle tissue, causing dry skin, increased muscle temperature, inability to sweat, and further damage to the central nervous system. This in turn affects the functions of various organs and tissues throughout the body. Patients may experience local muscle spasms, high fever, no sweat, dry mouth, coma, elevated blood pressure, cough, asthma, difficulty breathing, or even respiratory failure. It is the most serious type of heatstroke. . This severe form of heat stroke can be triggered by physical or non-physical activity in hot conditions. Without timely and proper treatment, the mortality rate can be as high as 40% to 50%.

Identification method

Sunstroke

Sunstroke: only related to direct sunlight exposure. When you are at the beach, mountain climbing, or doing sports in hot summer, due to prolonged exposure to the sun and lack of head protection, you may suddenly develop high fever, tinnitus, nausea, headache, vomiting, lethargy, photophobia, etc. This is sunstroke. . Severe sunstroke can also cause death. Do not be careless and take emergency treatment.

Symptoms: A high degree of consciousness disorder, body temperature rising above 40°C, indistinct sweating, and dry skin.

Treatment: Emergency admission and cooling therapy as soon as possible.

Heat syncope

Heat syncope: Waking up from prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. It is caused by dehydration caused by sweating and dilation of terminal blood vessels, which reduces blood circulation throughout the body.

Symptoms: Sudden loss of consciousness. Body temperature is higher than usual, and sweating is noticeable.

Treatment method: Infusion and cooling therapy.

Thermal fatigue

Thermal fatigue

(heat exhaustion): It occurs when the supply of water and salt cannot keep up with the large amount of sweating, causing dehydration symptoms.

Symptoms: There are various symptoms, such as: rectal temperature rising to 39°C, cold skin, obvious sweating, etc.

Treatment: Infusion and cooling therapy.

Heat cramps

Heat cramps: occur when only water is replenished after heavy sweating, and there is insufficient salt and minerals.

Symptoms: Sudden onset of painful cramps and stiffness. Body temperature is higher than usual, and sweating is noticeable.

Treatment method: Inject saline solution orally.

First aid measures

1: Those with mild symptoms should quickly go to a cool and ventilated place to lie on their backs and rest, unbutton their clothes, belts, and open their coats. You can take Shidishui, Rendan and other medicines to prevent and treat heatstroke.

2: If the patient's body temperature continues to rise, if possible, soak the lower body in warm water in the bathtub and wipe the upper body with a wet towel.

3: If the patient becomes unconscious or has convulsions, he should be in a coma position. While notifying the emergency center, make sure your respiratory tract is open.

Preventive measures

In hot and muggy weather, pay attention to preventing "heat stroke", especially for people who work outdoors for long periods of time under high temperatures. There are some easy ways to beat the heat easily.

1. Maintain natural ventilation indoors and bring light green tea water or light salt water when going out. Salt water preparation method: 1 liter of water, mixed with 1/2 teaspoon of salt, drink half a cup every 15 minutes, 3-4 times a day.

2. When going out in the car, use an ice pack to cool down. You can buy medical ice packs at the hospital, or make your own: prepare some wet flannel to wrap the ice cubes, then put it in a clean plastic bag and put it in the refrigerator. Go outside and wipe your face and arms to feel cool.

3. Take a shower with warm water when you get home. If your body feels hot, you can wipe it with some Huoxiang Zhengqi water, Fengyoujing and other medicines to absorb the heat through evaporation.

4. Rinse your wrists with cold water. Put your wrists under the tap for 5 seconds every few hours to lower the blood temperature.

5. Drink watermelon rind porridge. If you suffer from internal heat and loss of appetite in summer, drinking watermelon rind porridge can reduce heat, relieve heat, and improve immunity. Specific method: Peel off the hard skin from the watermelon rind, cut into cubes, and cook with japonica rice. First bring to a boil over high heat, then turn to low heat and cook until it becomes porridge, then add sugar.

Notes

1: As a means of cooling, you can also use alcohol to rub your body and blow on an electric fan to achieve the purpose of cooling. However, this method can cool down quickly, so it is best not to use it when the doctor is not on site.

2: Some people who have mild symptoms and participate in sports should pay more attention to prevent getting sunstroke again.

3: There is another kind of heat stroke similar to sunstroke. This is caused by excessive heat build-up while working or traveling in hot weather. Symptoms include dry, hot skin without sweating, body temperature as high as 42°C, fatigue, headache, dizziness, frequent urination, redness, unsteady gait, drowsiness or lethargy. The reasons for the two are somewhat different, but the first aid measures are exactly the same.

Experts remind

For the elderly, we do not advocate excessive outdoor activities in hot seasons. They try to stay at home. We do not want to turn on a large air conditioner at home. We especially emphasize the need to have A regular diet. We recommend drinking some lightly salted water. You can also make tea, and put some salt in the tea. Experts suggest that citizens must drink more water, reduce outdoor activities, maintain a regular diet, avoid using air conditioners for long periods of time, and pay attention to indoor ventilation.

In addition, in order to avoid E. coli infection, experts also suggest that everyone try not to eat late-night snacks on the roadside, such as mutton skewers, hot pot, cold dishes, etc. Because E. coli is susceptible to infection after eating unsanitary food. If E. coli is infected and enters the blood, E. coli septicemia will easily occur, and the mortality rate is very high. [2]

Experts remind: Don’t be greedy for temporary comfort and neglect your own health. The hotter the day, the more attention should be paid to reducing the time spent in air-conditioned rooms. In addition, heat-resistant exercises should be strengthened. People who often work in air-conditioned environments should try to use air conditioners as little as possible after returning home.

Relevant knowledge

Ten diseases caused directly and indirectly by high temperature

1. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

High temperature can easily cause the body's Metabolism is accelerated, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular blood volume increases, resulting in rapid rise in blood pressure, accelerated heartbeat, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart disease, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. Many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are caused by depression and the harm of high temperature itself to blood vessels.

2. Sunstroke

Sunstroke is also a type of heat stroke. It is due to long-term exposure to high temperatures in the scorching sun, which causes a state of inhibition in the central nervous system of the human brain, which can cause neurasthenia and nausea. , dizziness and other mild heatstroke symptoms.

3. Kidney damage

High temperature has direct damage to human kidneys, which can lead to dehydration, low urine output, increased renal load, and loss of balance in water and salt metabolism in the body. Affect normal physiological functions and cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The best way to protect the kidneys in summer is to drink cold water in small amounts many times to promote normal metabolism and ensure kidney health.

4. "Psychological Heat Stroke"

It is not uncommon for patients who have been admitted to the Armed Police General Hospital to suffer injuries due to fights. Director Wang said that weather with higher temperatures can easily affect the emotional regulation center of the human body's hypothalamus, manifesting as irritability, disordered thinking, and a tendency to lose temper. This is "psychological heatstroke," which is medically known as summer affective disorder.

5. Gastroenteritis

Hot flashes help the growth of bacteria and microorganisms in the air. Food cannot be stored for too long. Cooked food must be heated at high temperatures before eating. The diet should be mainly light, eat more vegetables, fruits, etc., and eat less greasy, spicy food and cold drinks. In addition, since food is perishable, things taken out from the refrigerator must be heated through.

6. Heat cold

In the high temperature environment in summer, the human body’s metabolism is strong, energy consumption is large, and immunity is reduced. If air conditioners or fans are used without restraint to relieve the heat, the human body Being in an environment with too low temperature for a long time will reduce the body's adaptability and resistance, making it easy for germs and viruses to take advantage of the situation. The most common disease is heat cold.

7. Venous thrombosis

As the weather gets hotter, many patients with venous thrombosis find that the blood vessels in their legs seem to bulge more obviously, and their legs are sore and swollen. It’s also more powerful. High temperature conditions aggravate the condition. Experts say that many patients with venous thrombosis are engaged in occupations that require them to stand all the time. If they do not pay attention to hydration, it is easy to increase blood viscosity, causing venous thrombosis and aggravating venous thrombosis.

8. Floor Sick Syndrome

Research has shown that high-temperature environments can increase formaldehyde release by 20%-30%, which increases the amount of formaldehyde inhaled by the human body. Healthy cause harm to. In medicine, this condition is called floor sickness syndrome. Experts suggest that for friends who move into newly renovated apartments, they should maintain as much ventilation as possible and try to avoid the elderly and children from moving in prematurely.

9. Solar dermatitis

In hot weather, the human body does not perspire smoothly and can easily lead to skin inflammation, especially for children and the elderly. Due to their imperfect body temperature regulation function, Or functional decline, dysfunction, etc., prone to papular urticaria, eczema, contact dermatitis, etc.

10. Air-conditioning disease

An environment where the air conditioner is turned on for a long time can easily breed bacteria and microorganisms. For people with weak resistance, it can easily lead to the occurrence of various diseases, such as Sore throat, tonsillitis, dizziness, loss of appetite, etc. are all typical symptoms of air conditioning disease.

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