Emperor Gaozu Tianfu was appointed deputy envoy to Yunnan, and served as Grand Servant of Gansu Province.

The great-grandfather Zhang Yuanbian passed the imperial examination in the fifth year of Longqing's reign (1571), and went to the Hanlin Academy to serve as an attendant.

His grandfather, Zhang Rulin, was a Jinshi in the 23rd year of Wanli (1595) and went to Guangxi to participate in the Council.

His father, Zhang Yaofang, was born in Fubang and was the right chief historian of the Lu vassal.

Zhang Dai was born into a scholarly family with a rich family background.

The ancestors were all well-educated Confucians, proficient in history, Confucian classics, Neo-Confucianism, literature, primary school and geography.

Tianfu and Yuanbian's father and son once wrote and edited Shaoxing Prefecture Chronicles, Kuaiji Chronicles and Shanyin Chronicles. "Three Chronicles were published together, and they are known as Tan Qian and his son." ("Family Biography") (quoted from Zhang Dai's poems and essays below)

Those who commented on "The Collected Poems of Zhang Dai" published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House and edited by Xia Xianchun in 1991 only noted the title of the chapter.) Grandfather Rulin "was fond of ancient studies when he was young, and he was well-read." (ibid.) To the old man,

Can't let go of the scroll.

He had accumulated thirty years of energy to write and compile "Yunshan", but later stopped writing because it was similar to "Yongle Dadian" ("Tao'an Meng Yiyunshan").

The third generation of the Zhang family collected books, and Dai "has been collecting books for forty years, and there are no less than 30,000 volumes." ("Tao An Mengyi III Collection of Books") Zhang Dai was born in a literary and artistic family.

For generations, ancestors and descendants were good at poetry and writing, and they have written many works.

Tianfu has "Mingyutang Manuscript", Yuanbian has "Buerzhai Manuscript", Rulin has "Shijieyuan Collected Works", Yaofang is "good at singing poems, and his voice can produce gold and stone." ("Family Biography") Zhang's descendants from Rulin

Start by accumulating your voice skills and pay attention to this.

Yaofang "taught Xiaoqi and advocated drama." ("Family Biography") When it comes to Zhang Dai's generation, "the master appreciates it carefully, Yanshi teaches drama, and the children have thousands of fingers. When the Qi children come to his home, they say 'passing the sword gate',

How dare you do it carelessly?" ("Tao An Meng Recalls the Sword Gate") He studied the piano with a teacher and learned more than 30 pieces of music, and his fingering skills were "refined and mastered" (ibid., "Shaoxing Qin School").

And "when we join the Silk Society, we will meet three times a month." (ibid. "Silk Society") Zhang Dai Zhongshu Lianfang, "can sketch from life, is said to be able to paint", and is "on par with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, Dong Qichang, and Li Liufang"

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He was also fond of antiques, rich in collections, and sophisticated in appreciation. "He left behind thousands of statues, statues, famous paintings, and Buddhist brocades." ("Additional Biography") Zhang Daier's eyes were wet, and his hands and eyes were not low, and he wrote various cultural relics and antiques.

Ming, the evaluation of many porcelain kiln bronzes is indeed made by experts.

Zhang Dai lived during the revolution between the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

After the mid-Ming Dynasty, eunuchs were in power, treacherous officials were in power, spies were rampant, party struggles were fierce, and internal and external troubles intensified.

Those who are capable, loyal and upright may be demoted or expelled or tortured.

At the same time, a trend of thoughts against Neo-Confucianism and ethics emerged in the ideological world.

The left wing of the Wang School, represented by Wang Gen and Li Zhi, openly flaunted the desire for profit and desire as human nature, opposed the pretentiousness of Neo-Confucianists, and advocated innocence and innocence of children, and acting with spontaneity.

This is undoubtedly a rebellion against traditional ethics and a challenge to Cheng and Zhu's Neo-Confucianism of "preserving heaven's principles and destroying human desires".

Driven by this trend of thought, literati, desperate for the darkness of society, pursued individual liberation one after another: they indulged in lust, indulged in mountains and rivers, and pursued material and spiritual satisfaction to the greatest extent.

On the one hand, they flaunt elegance, elegance, leisure and refinement, and deliberately create a pleasing and eye-catching atmosphere among the scenery, landscapes and gardens, pavilions, flowers, birds, fish and insects, the Four Treasures of the Study, calligraphy, painting, silk and bamboo, food and tea ceremonies, antiques and treasures, opera and juggling, and games.

The artistic taste of leisure and entertainment obtains the interest of life and the poetry of art in wandering around; on the other hand, under the banner of rebelling against the etiquette of famous religions, they indulge in sensual pleasures, indulge in extravagance and lust, and burn ointment

Following the sundial, I am not ashamed, but proud.

"Humanity is based on dissipation, and worldly customs are based on extravagance." (Volume 7 of Zhang Han's "Dreams in the Pine Window") If the former mainly expresses their cynicism, then the latter mainly vents their arrogance and cynicism.

Among the friendships between Zhang's ancestors and grandchildren, there are many such literati and celebrities.

Such as Xu Wei, Huang Ruheng, Chen Jiru, Tao Wangling, Wang Siren, Chen Zhanghou, Qi Biaojia brothers, etc. It is this kind of family background, such social ideological trends and humanistic atmosphere that created Zhang Dai's dandy habits and celebrity demeanor, which determined his "Tao"

The main contents of "Memories of An Meng", "Dreams of the West Lake" and "Collected Works of Wang Lang?".

Zhang Dai claimed that he was a playboy when he was young and loved prosperity very much.

What a fine house, what a beautiful maidservant, what a prostitute, what fresh clothes, what delicious food, what a fine horse, what lanterns, what fireworks, what a pear orchard, what propaganda, what antiques, what flowers and birds, and also tea, oranges, and books and poems.

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("Self-Made Epitaph") can be said to be a combination of the extravagant and hedonistic habits of dandy children and the indulgent, cynical and decadent style of celebrities and scholars in the late Ming Dynasty.

Zhang Dai has extensive knowledge of many classics and history, and is familiar with all the classics and history. He has also dabbled in astronomy and geography.

Although he has no chance of fame, he has the ambition to write.

He keeps writing all his life, and he never gets old.

In addition to the fifteen types of works listed in "Self-made Epitaph", there are also "Wang Lang? Poetry Collection", "You Ming Yu Yue San Immortal Illustrated Praise", "Shikui Shuhou Collection", "Qi Zi Wen",

"Old Taoist Collection", "Behind Tao'an's Elbow", "Tea History", "Taoyuan Calendar", "Almanac Eyes", "Julang Qi Qiao Lu", "Pair of Pillar Inscriptions", "Night Sailing", Zaju "Qiao Sitting"

There are more than 30 kinds of movies, including "Yamen" and the legendary "Ice Mountain".

Among them, the book "Night Sailing" has almost the same content as an encyclopedia. It is all-inclusive, with more than 4,000 entries in twenty categories.

Zhang Dai's extensive research, rich writings, and diligence can be seen here.

This is also the boundary between him and ordinary playboys and cynical celebrities.

Zhang Dai was extremely angry at his high talent and poor life, and embodied his cynicism in the landscape: he was governed by the Shaoxing Prefecture, which was as big as a silkworm basket.

All the mountains among them are as bright as eyebrows. They are still beyond the eight mountains, and they are still yellow.