China's intangible cultural heritage base-Seventy-two Old Workshops
The only "living fossil of old workshops" in China
refers to all kinds of Chinese traditional old crafts and workshops. Chinese traditional handicrafts, profound and handed down from generation to generation, are precious intangible cultural heritage and the essence of China's 5,-year civilization that we are proud of. Visitors can appreciate and participate in all kinds of handicrafts made in ancient and modern times, and they can also learn from the master to increase their knowledge and experience, which will have the most intuitive shock to the national crafts.
the ancestral blacksmith shop of the Jin family-as early as the Shang Dynasty in China, people mastered the manufacturing technology of bronzes. The technology of smelting iron with bellows, which was inherited by the Jin family in Song Cheng, was formed in the Han Dynasty, and by the time of the Song Dynasty, the ironmaking was developed to a considerable extent, and many blacksmith workshops also appeared.
why is it called strike while the iron is hot? That's because every piece of iron is heated at a high temperature, and after the old masters match with each other, a rhythmic sound of striking iron is formed between a hammer and a knock. Generally, in an iron shop, the master holds the small hammer, the apprentice holds the big hammer, and the small hammer is called the lead hammer. Wherever it hits, the sledgehammer will follow it, and only when they cooperate tacitly can the iron be played well.
Brewery-China mastered the brewing technology five thousand years ago. In the Song Dynasty, the brewing industry was very developed, and restaurants and wineries were all over the streets in Beijing. The wine tax revenue has become one of the important financial resources of the government. In Song Dynasty, there were processes of koji-making, rice washing, steamed rice, cold rice, koji mixing, fermentation, target-opening, wine pressing, etc. The wine produced was mainly grain wine, mainly various grain wines in the north, rice wine in the south, and fruit wine, red wine, chrysanthemum wine, lamb wine and other varieties.
Maltose-Maltose is a traditional flavor snack in China. In Song Dynasty, maltose was made of soluble malt, which was mellow and delicious, golden in color, and had the effects of invigorating the middle energizer, invigorating the spleen and moistening the intestines. It was truly reproduced in the workshops in Song Cheng.
Hoop bucket-one of the 72 lines in ancient times, is a wooden bucket specially made for people's household use. Because of the inherent metal hoop on the bucket, it is called "Hoop bucket", and the hoop products are also called "round pieces". The hoop industry respects Luban's wife as the granddaddy. It flourished in the Song Dynasty and gradually became an indispensable living appliance in ancient times.
pyrography-also known as pyrography. Originated from the Western Han Dynasty and matured in the Song Dynasty, it is a pattern formed by burning traces on wooden boards with a hot soldering iron, and blanket pyrography is one of the most famous ones.
Bamboo weaving-Bamboo weaving utensils have appeared in Liangzhu cultural relics in Hangzhou 5, years ago. First, the bamboo is cut into strips with even thickness, and then through the processes of shredding, scratching, polishing and chopping, it is woven into various exquisite daily necessities and ornamental furnishings, which are advocated and popular in modern society.
Ciba-In southern China, it is a custom to make Ciba every traditional festival or family celebration. There is a ballad in the south that says, "Twenty-eight, take a nap." In the Song Dynasty, the common people had to eat Ciba every holiday to show the bumper harvest and happiness of the whole family in the coming year.
homespun-homespun is a kind of pure cotton hand-made textile that has been used by working people for thousands of years. It has a strong local flavor and distinctive national characteristics. In the Song Dynasty, 72 processes, large and small, from picking cotton yarn to weaving on the machine, such as embossing, bouncing and weaving, were gradually formed, and more than 1,99 colorful patterns were transformed with 22 basic color lines.
Woodblock New Year Pictures-Zhuxian Town New Year Pictures originated in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. They are called the originator of Woodblock New Year Pictures. The New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town are full in composition, rough in lines and exaggerated in image, with unique regional color and quaint local style.
straw sandals-there are many kinds of straw sandals in the Yangtze river valley in China. The shoes woven with cloth instead of grass are called "straw sandals" and those woven with hemp are called "straw sandals". In the Song Dynasty, straw sandals were widely used, and many counties had straw sandals markets.
root carving-Song Huizong likes to collect strange things. In order to please the emperor, many officials have racked their brains to collect rare treasures from the people, and root carving is one of them. Root carving is a process of turning decay into magic. Rotten roots in the eyes of others are good materials in the eyes of artists. After processing, they become fine works of art..
Hangzhou Painting Fan Village-Hangzhou is a famous fan-making city in China, and it has the reputation of "elegant fans in Hangzhou are all over the world" since ancient times. Hangzhou Yashan, Silk and Longjing Tea are called "Hangzhou Three Musts". Painting poems on fans was very popular in Song Dynasty, so Hangzhou painting fans became popular all over the world.
Tofu Shop-Tofu first appeared in Han Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty, such as the famous Dongpo Tofu. Tofu is made by soaking beans, grinding beans, boiling pulp, lighting brine, forming and other processes. It is said that Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star, loved tofu since he was a child. When the court recruited Yue Fei to Beijing with twelve gold medals, someone once gave him a tofu banquet to see him off.
copper shop-according to archaeological excavations, China has entered the period of using copper and stone four thousand years ago, and has been able to make and cast small red bronze wares. After the Song Dynasty, bronzes have become household daily necessities, such as bronze mirrors, lamps, musical instruments, jewelry, hip flask, dishes and so on.
batik-batik is a printing and dyeing process in Guizhou, with rich patterns and elegant colors. When making it, you will dip a wax knife in wax juice and draw patterns on white cloth. Put the cloth into the dyeing vat to stain it, take it out and boil it with clear water. When the wax melts, it will show a white pattern.
Suzhou Embroidery Workshop-Suzhou Embroidery has a long history of more than 2,6 years, and it is an ancient embroidery process in China, especially in the area around Zhenhu, Wuxian County, Suzhou. Suzhou embroidery is characterized by flatness, uniformity, fineness, density, uniformity and luster, with nearly a thousand kinds of threads and more than a hundred kinds of stitches. Embroidery in the Song Dynasty can embroider Buddha statues and calligraphy on brocade and silk, and can also copy paintings, which is of great collection value. .
coloured glaze, an ancient China material, is a kind of handicraft made of Tao Wei tire, glazed with coloured glaze and baked in a kiln. It started in the Warring States Period and took shape in the Song Dynasty. Legend has it that the earliest cornucopia of the god of wealth was made of colored glass, so colored glass was considered as a token of the god of wealth.
Embroidery —— Embroidery is the process of using colored silk, velvet and cotton thread to puncture the base fabric such as silk, satin, hemp, cloth and silk with the help of needles to form patterns, images or characters, which are called "needles" or "needlework" in ancient books. According to "The Secret Record of Yunqing Xuan", "The embroidery of Song people is fine in needle and thread, with velvet to stop one or two threads, and with needles as fine as hair, it is beautifully colored and radiant."
The old carpenter-carpenter, also known as "carpenter", "craftsman" and "catalpa", reveres Luban, an outstanding inventor in China, as his granddaddy. They use wood as a material, use rope ink and stroke lines, plane with a plane, and then measure with a measuring tool to make all kinds of exquisite and beautiful furniture, buildings and handicrafts. Song Cheng mainly shows some commonly used means of transportation, agriculture, industry and daily necessities in ancient times.
She women's ribbon-In the old days, ribbon was a necessary skill for every She woman. The ribbon of the ribbon is made of cotton yarn as the warp and weft, and the piece is taken as the shuttle as the lead. The patterns are auspicious patterns such as flowers, birds, insects, fish and geometric patterns, and the colors are bright and beautiful. The ribbon craftsmanship of the She nationality has been listed as an "intangible cultural heritage" declaration item by the local government.
Taoni Workshop-The utensils fired with pottery clay are called pottery, and the utensils fired with porcelain clay are called porcelain, which is the general term for pottery and ceramics. In the Song Dynasty, the ceramic technology was extremely developed and the variety was extremely rich. The Song kilns were divided into folk kilns and official kilns, and the kilns dedicated to firing porcelain for the court were called official kilns. Here in Song Cheng, people are shown the pottery-making processes such as blank drawing, kneading and kiln firing.
Handmade cloth shoes-Handmade cloth shoes are one of the oldest traditional handicrafts in China. The working procedures include sample preparation, cutting, bottoming, stamping, trimming, etc., and are refined by hand.
Poems inscribed with names —— Poetry flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties. One kind of Tibetan poems embedded names in poems became popular at that time. Poems inscribed with names originated from "Tibetan poems" and expressed good wishes with famous poems.
surname root-do you want to know the origin of your surname? Do you want to know who famous people have been born in your ancestors? Please trace the inquiry according to your surname and find out. As early as 5, years ago, a surname culture was formed in China, and Hundred Family Names is the most widely circulated and deeply influenced textbook of Mongolian studies in China.
Dongba handicraft, the mysterious Dongba culture of Naxi nationality in Yunnan, was first published in 1894 by French Taryn Lacopelen's The Origin of Characters Near Tibet. Its unique and rich national culture has attracted worldwide attention.
playing cotton-playing cotton is an old craft. With strings ringing and flowers flying, it is like playing magic, and finally a pile of cotton is pressed into a neat quilt. "Sandalwood hammer, Chinese fir tip; The golden rooster crows and snowflakes float "vividly describes the labor scene of craftsmen."
The loom-"Haw and Haw, Mulan weaves at home", slowly weaves beautiful and bright cloth with hands and feet through a series of complicated components such as shuttle, perforated strainer, cloth winding roller, thread roller, pedal and brace. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Huang Daopo, a female weaver, invented the pedal "three-split and three-thread" spinning wheel and the "sitting waist knitting machine", which was 4 years earlier than Europe.
Chen's straw weaving is a popular handicraft in China. Its raw material is grass or plant stems and leaves produced in various places. It has a history of more than 4, years. The most famous straw weaving in the Tang and Song Dynasties was Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province, with straw sandals, straw mats, futons and other daily necessities. Chen's straw weaving integrates technology, applicability and leisure, and its products are close to life, which is very popular among tourists.
rattan weaving-rattan weaving is an ancient traditional craft in China, which is mainly produced in southern provinces. There are dozens of varieties such as baskets, baskets, boxes and boxes, which are elegant and popular in Xian Yi and have strong practicability and artistry.
paper-cutting-the history of paper-cutting can be traced back to the 6th century. By the Song Dynasty, there had been artists who took paper-cutting as their profession, and some of them specialized in cutting "colorful patterns". At that time, people also used paper-cutting as a model for embroidery and painting. Now it is mostly used to decorate walls, doors and windows, house columns, mirrors, lights and lanterns.
making new year's cakes-originated from Suzhou and Hangzhou in the Spring and Autumn Period. Making new year's cakes is divided into washing rice, steaming rice, beating and cutting quickly. Song Cheng showed visitors all kinds of tools and procedures for making rice cakes. Visitors can personally participate in making rice cakes and taste their own rice cakes.
printing, known as the "mother of civilization", is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. I have seen that during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, high-quality paper could be mass-produced. At that time, Taoism prevailed, and engraving symbols became a common practice. On this basis, printing came into being. In the early Tang Dynasty, woodblock printing came into being. However, block printing and engraving are time-consuming and labor-consuming. During the Song and Qing Dynasties, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing, which revolutionized the printing of books and periodicals. In the 7th and 8th centuries, printing gradually spread all over the world.
Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, a thousand-year-old camphor tree, tried to hang it on this tree, and then every cloud has a silver lining made the Song Dynasty last for more than 15 years. This camphor tree is also regarded as a sacred tree by the world. Although it has experienced thousands of years of wind and rain, it is still flourishing and stands here, smiling at guests from all directions.
Longxutang-Song Zhenzong traveling incognito, saw a street performer in Beijing making "silk-rolled candy", which tasted delicious, so he ordered the palace chef to make it and named it "Longxutang". Since then, asparagus candy has become a famous imperial dessert in the palace.
Shadow Play-started in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was almost lost. Shadow Play developed rapidly in the Song Dynasty. It mainly carved various characters from donkey skin or cowhide, and used the singing of lights and operas to show various characters and wonderful story lines on a few-foot curtain. Therefore, the Song Dynasty called it: "Three feet were born as a stage, and it was all humorous with ten fingers. Sometimes, under the bright moon lamp window,
snacks in the Great Song Dynasty
Song Cheng has gathered local snacks, all of which are made and sold now, so visitors can enjoy all kinds of human delicacies. Mainly include: the historical flavor of Dasong barbecue, Wu Dalang cake in Shandong, barbecue in Yunnan, Zanba and Xiancao cake in Fujian, peanut cake in Henan, mold cake in Hebei, spicy powder in Sichuan, casserole in Chongqing, asparagus sugar in Beijing, Goubuli steamed stuffed bun in Tianjin, rice cake in Suzhou, baked sweet potato, Sugar-Coated Berry in Wang Po, fried stinky tofu and bamboo rice.
baked sweet potatoes-if an official is not the master of the people, it is better to go home and bake sweet potatoes.
Wang po sells melons? -Wang Po is actually a man, whose original name is Wang Po. People gave him a nickname-Wang Po because he acted like a mother-in-law. Once, Song Shenzong went out to visit the palace and saw Wang Po boasting that his cantaloupe was delicious. When the emperor tasted it, it was extremely delicious. He said happily, "What's wrong with doing business or boasting, like an old woman selling melons and boasting herself?" Since then, "Wang Po sells melons and boasts herself" has become a well-known allusion.
Immortal jelly-It is said that during the Song Dynasty, there was a great fairy named Mei Fu in Fujian, who often collected a kind of wild grass and cooked it with rice. Every summer, people will make this kind of grass into green tofu cubes, which are soft, smooth and fragrant, and the whole body will be cool after eating. It is called "Xiancao jelly" and has become a popular cool snack in the southeast coast.
Hakka tea smashing-tea smashing is a unique tea culture of Hakka people. According to legend, in the Song Dynasty, in the process of migration, Hakka ancestors often collected herbal medicines for clearing away heat and toxic materials, such as tea, and smashed them to treat diseases, which later became a custom.
Wu Dalang sesame seed cake-Wu Dalang is a character in Water Margin. He is less than five feet long and has a simple and honest personality. He is called the bark of three-inch Dinggu. The sesame cakes he made are crispy and delicious, and have become a favorite food of ordinary people throughout the ages.
Xingong Bridge-the Privy Council of Song Dynasty was once located here. Legend has it that Shi Quan stabbed Qin Gui here.