Dongxiang nationality in Gansu has its own national characteristics and culture. Their culture is so long that people can't help but want to explore one after another. "Food is the most important thing for the people". Of course, Dongxiang nationality is no exception. Their long-standing culture has created a rich diet culture. Do you want to know the different daily diets of Dongxiang people?
Daily meal
Dongxiang people's daily diet is mainly wheat, highland barley, corn, beans, millet, buckwheat, flax and "Dongxiang potato", which is delicious and delicious. Dongxiang potato is rich in water, sweetness and sand, and its starch content is high. Dongxiang people often treat potatoes as snacks, vinegar, vermicelli and other foods, which are deeply loved by people.
Non-staple foods include fresh and mellow "stacked sheep", cattle, chickens, eggs, vegetables and fruits. They eat three meals a day, and cooking with various raw materials is a prominent feature of their diet. For example, barley fried noodles, mixed with sesame seeds to cook thick soup; After the tender ears of wheat are cooked, they are ground into "wheat stalks" and mixed with stir-fried dishes, oil peppers and garlic paste. Mixing highland barley and soybean, grinding into powder, and mixing with acid water to make dough; Stir the flour into paste, add potato pieces and sour water to make "scattered rice". Add leeks, carrots, pickles, green onions, peppers, garlic paste and sour water into the thick batter to make a "stirring ball". "Rehoboam porridge" is made of various grains, including beef, sheep, head and hoof soup.
Dongxiang people's diet is also very simple, such as the bottom of the pot after highland barley is fermented, the Guo Qiong steamed stuffed bun after hard dough is put into the pot, the bud flavor after sprouting wheat is ground into paste, the rice nest in the double-layer pancake, and the rice noodle nest baked in the kang cave after millet flour is stirred into paste with boiling water. Because many grains have to be crushed in advance, every household in Dongxiang has a pair of exquisite small stone mills.
In daily diet, Dongxiang people have a special preference for potato products, which is almost inseparable from diet. At the same time, baking in the ashes of kang fire, sometimes roasting on the fire, sometimes frying with shredded mutton, and sometimes cooking with highland barley powder, sauerkraut and garlic paste, is really a constantly changing process.
Dietary pattern
Dongxiang people eat three meals a day and sit cross-legged at the kang table. Women usually eat at different tables. When guests go home, they must sit on the kang. Then entertain the guests with teacups, cakes, straws, fried potatoes with Chili peppers, etc. "Maisuo" is a kind of food with Dongxiang flavor. Immature barley or barley is picked and steamed. Make a chopstick-head-sized cylinder with a small stone mill, and then mix with garlic and Chili powder to eat. It has unique local characteristics and is a precious food for Dongxiang people to entertain guests.
Sometimes they also entertain customers with food such as oil, mutton and chicken. Dongxiang people attach great importance to entertaining guests with chickens. The host must respect the guests and let them eat the chicken tail first. If the guest refuses, it is impolite and will cause the host's unhappiness. The burial custom of Dongxiang nationality is also very unique. The host entertained the male guests. Generally speaking, the host will add tea and vegetables to the guests on the edge of the kang. They don't sit or eat alone, and women usually avoid them. The hostess entertains the guests, and the hostess can sit down and have dinner with the guests.
Dongxiang's meat food
Dongxiang's meat products, especially hand-grabbed mutton, are very distinctive. If you eat sheep, the whole sheep will be cooked in the pot. Put the chopped internal organs into a bowl, mix them with ginger rice, pepper, onion and salt, and steam them in a cage. When eating, the whole sheep's fur will be put on first, so there is a saying that "the fur put on first is more fragrant than the meat put on later" When the whole sheep is served on the table, all parts should be put on the table one by one, so that the things on the table are complete.
Boiled mutton soup with a little lean meat and various seasonings, and finally with "full fat". Now Dongxiang people have changed this way of eating mutton, and mutton is very popular all over the country. Another example is chicken, which is usually divided into chicken head, crotch, thigh, spoon meat, wishbone, chicken wings, chicken head, etc. 13. Old people eat big pieces, young people eat small pieces, and chicken strips are the most valuable. Generally speaking, only the guests at the table and the elderly are eligible to enjoy it.
Dong Xiang de Yan
The banquet in Dongxiang is also very unique. Every festival has a "Gulong Yi Jie Banquet", which means "eating spaghetti". The main foods are fried oil flavor, sesame sauce, shortcake, medium cake, Shiha, shabu-shabu, buckwheat pancakes, bean sprouts, rice noodle nests and so on.
In addition, we also need to eat a special kind of delicious meat porridge, similar to the meat and oil rice that Hui people like to eat. Dongxiang people call it "Luo Bo". Its practice is to add wheat, highland barley, broad beans, lentils, corn and shredded pork to the broth and boil it into a delicious paste. If soaked in oil, this is the best food for Dongxiang people. When the guests arrive, they all go to the kang, and the host is responsible for entertaining and not accompanying them. Before the banquet, the venerable old man made a eulogy, and everyone listened attentively. This is the end of the sentence. After that, everyone ate and talked about mountains, the South China Sea and the North Sea. This is a theory. The bigger the appetite, the calmer the mood, the happier the host will be, which shows that the food is exquisite and the guests are satisfied and hospitable.
"Holding the whole sheep" is a grand etiquette for Dongxiang people to entertain distinguished guests. The "whole sheep" of Dongxiang nationality does not mean putting the cooked whole sheep on the table, but gradually putting the neck, ribs, front legs, hind legs and tail on the plate according to the parts of the whole sheep. Picky people entertain guests, and sometimes they fry pork liver to entertain guests. This is the so-called "mutton kebabs". "Both sides of kebabs taste of meat" is a common saying of Dongxiang nationality.
Have a cocktail party. According to Dongxiang people, the top of a chicken is its head. When visiting Dongxiang nationality, the host will serve the guests according to the identity of the newcomer. Give your seat first, let the elderly guests sit in the middle of the table, and then the host will make a "three-bubble table" and cover the guests with tea. After drinking three rounds of tea, some young people brought oil, which was yellow and crisp, followed by hair, stir-fry and mutton. The last course must be chicken.
When Dongxiang people eat chicken, they will ask the imam to slaughter and cook the chicken, and then cut it into 13 pieces according to the parts of the chicken. First cut off the chicken's legs, two chicken legs and two spoonfuls of chicken, then cut the chicken wings and chicken legs into four pieces, cut the fork meat on the chicken breast into two pieces, and the remaining piece is the tail bone or head of the chicken.
According to the guest's qualification, the host will give some chicken pieces to the most distinguished guest after eating the cut chicken pieces. The guests who tip don't eat immediately, but pick up tips to show courtesy to those they think are prestigious and their peers. Generally speaking, guests attending dinner parties show courtesy to each other. This is a polite procedure, which adds a warm greeting and a humble atmosphere.
However, no one can accept polite tips. If someone eats chicken wings on Dongxiang noodles, it means that he represents the guests at the dinner table and accepts the host's hospitality. This shows that he is the host and guest, and today's banquet is prepared for his arrival. The guests who eat chicken wings are also very satisfied and proud of being respected by the guests.
There is also a story about how to eat cocktail parties. It is said that a long time ago, a Dongxiang nationality invited a celebrity from Waizhuang village and a gentleman from the village to their home. Surprisingly, the head of the chicken at the party was rudely eaten by the gentleman in the village. The guests from another village left immediately, thinking that they were distinguished guests and wanted to eat the head of a chicken. As a result, he was eaten by others, indicating that his personality was not respected and he left in a fit of pique. After the incident, the respected man made a judgment. Finally, the gentleman from this village chose S.
In the spare time life of Dongxiang people, more than a dozen people who get along with each other often have the habit of "tying the knot", that is, except one person who has no money to work, everyone else shares a sheep with his master. In the future, each family will take turns to be the master. If Dong Dan takes out his sheep and folds them into money and food, they will share them. When cooking, the host should prepare sesame oil, steamed bread and a bowl of tea. He wants to cook the mutton and divide it into six pieces, namely, breast meat, pork, ribs, front leg meat, hind leg meat and tail meat, and then pile it into a pile, one for each person.
Chopped mutton offal and neck meat are boiled into soup, which is also a big bowl for everyone. You can take it home if you can't finish it. Besides a piece of meat and a bowl of soup, the owner got sheepskin. When eating, everyone "chats" happily while eating. No matter how long it takes, the host will take care of it to the end. This gathering shows Dongxiang farmers' psychology of seeking friendship and support, and their desire for equal cooperation and good-neighborly relations.
Daily drink
Dongxiang people like drinking tea. They like to drink Yunnan spring tea and Shaanxi green tea. Guests will enjoy "three fragrant teas". Ordinary people can't drink tea at every meal. Most people make tea in bowls, and some people like to make tea in small teapots. When tea is in short supply, people will also pick some local hay as tea. Dongxiang people call drinking tea "scraping bowls", which means not only drinking tea, but also chatting. Tea, rock sugar, longan or red dates, raisins, dried apricots, etc. Put them all in a bowl of tea, which is the so-called "three-bubble table".