Malta is also an island that cannot be ignored. The whole territory consists of five islands, of which malta island is the largest, with an area of 316 square kilometers, which is located at the junction of the eastern and western Mediterranean. Malta, located in an island country in the middle of the Mediterranean, is known as the "heart of the Mediterranean". The coastline is 18 kilometers long. It has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. The annual average temperature is 21.3 degrees, the highest temperature is 4 degrees, and the lowest temperature is 5 degrees. The average annual precipitation is 56mm. The population of the island is mainly composed of Arabs, sicilian, (French) Normandy, Spanish, Italian and British. The locals speak English and a Marta language with Semitic characteristics, and many people speak Italian. Everyone believes in Roman Catholicism. In history, Malta was first occupied by Phoenicians, then by Greeks, then by Carthaginians and finally by Romans. Later Arabs, Normans, Turks and finally Napoleon. In the early 19th century, the British expelled the French and became a British colony.
The opening of the Suez Canal in p>1869 promoted the strategic position of Mashima, which became a coal loading and loading station for steamships to India and East Asia.
In the middle of World War II, this was the most thoroughly bombed area by Germany and Italy. In the last century, the island gained independence and became a constitutional country.
Coastal countries and regions
There are 21 coastal countries and regions, which are divided into:
European countries: (in order from the west) Spain, Gibraltar (British overseas territory), France, Monaco, Italy, Malta (island), Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania and Greece.
Asian countries: (in order from north) Turkey, Syria, Cyprus (island), Lebanon, Israel and Palestinian self-government.
African countries: (from east) Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco.
countries that have been active near the Mediterranean:
Kingdom of Egypt
Hittite Empire. Hittites are ancient tribes living in northern Syria and Asia Minor from 2 to 12 BC.
Kingdom of Israel
Kingdom of Judea: ancient southern Palestine, including present-day southern Israel and southwest Jordan. When Jesus was alive, it was a kingdom ruled by Herod, and it was also a part of the Syrian province of the Roman Empire.
Assyrian Empire
Babylonian Empire
Persian Empire
Macedonian N&; Greek Empire Macedonian and Greek Empire
RomanEmpire Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire
Sassanid Empire Sassan Dynasty: a dynasty of Persia (A.D. 224-651) and the last king of Persia before the Arab conquest. The Sasan era was marked by wars against Romans, Armenians and Huns and the revival of Zoroastrianism.
The Caliphate caliphate (Islamic Empire)
The Crusader Kingdom Crusader's reign
Saladin's Empire Saladin Empire
Mongolian Empire
Ottoman Empire Turkish Empire
European Colonialism European colonial rule
Phoenicia was an ancient people on the east coast of the Mediterranean, in the 2th century BC. Around the 1th century BC, this ethnic group's activities have reached today's Cyprus, Sardinia, France, Spain and North Africa.
Cuisine
Mediterranean cuisine generally refers to the cuisines of European countries located in the Mediterranean coast, such as Greece, Spain, southern France and Italy. Seafood is its theme, with healthy olive oil, refreshing fruits and vegetables, mellow cheese, mellow wine and so on, and its flavor is endless.
Mysterious Missing Gate
The plane disappeared mysteriously
At about 18: on May 15th, 1969, an albatross plane of the Spanish Navy inexplicably crashed into the sea in the Mediterranean Sea of arvo. There were eight crew members on board, and the flight altitude was very low. The pilot probably tried to land on the water without success. The captain, Captain McKinley, was lucky to be alive. After being rescued, I couldn't tell the cause of the plane accident. The accident site was only one nautical mile from the coast. People salvaged the bodies of two crew members. The military sent warships and divers to search carefully for several days, but the other five personnel were never found.
At about 15: 5 on July 29, 1969, Another Spanish Navy albatross disappeared mysteriously while performing anti-submarine warning mission in the same sea area. The last call from Captain Boado was that we were flying towards the huge sun, which was hard to decipher. The military authorities used more than 1 planes and 4 surface ships to search the vast sea area and only found two seats on the missing plane.
At 1: 3 on July 11th, 1975, Four Saetta planes of the Spanish Air Force Academy were training in formation in this sea area. Suddenly a flash flashed by, and then the four planes were planted to the sea. The rescue team only found the bodies of five crew members.
The sea area in arvo is called the death triangle of the western Mediterranean. According to statistics, there were 11 air crashes here during the peaceful period of more than 2 years from the end of World War II to 1969. 229 people were killed. When the plane passed through the sea area, the instruments and wireless communication on board would be disturbed strangely, and even the positioning system often broke down, so that it was unclear where it was. The sea area was called the airplane graveyard by the pilots in horror.
Ships crashed one after another
At 22: 3 on July 26, 1964, the coastal radio station of Tenerie Island received an ambiguous SOS distress signal from a ship. But it didn't give the name and direction of the ship. At 23: , the radio station heard nothing after receiving the same emergency signal. Later, it was known that the ship was a fishing boat named Mahena, and 16 fishermen were killed. At 1: 45 the next morning, the radio station received a telegram from another fishing boat saying that seven bodies wearing life jackets were found in the sea area. After three days of searching, five bodies were found successively. Why can't you report your name and position twice? If the man wearing a life jacket was drowned, but the place of death was only one nautical mile from the coast, why didn't even one of these skilled sailors swim to the shore? The statement that the crew members starved to death is also untenable, because the first seven people who were fished out only stayed in the sea for nine hours at most. There was no explosion accident on board, because the bodies of the fished people were not scarred. On August 8 of that year, the Spanish newspaper published the news, saying: There is no reasonable explanation.
If the disappearance of fishing boats does not explain more, the continuous disappearance of submarines equipped with advanced instruments is even more mysterious.
In Toulon Bay in the Mediterranean. In the 25 years from 1964 to 1989, six submarines were missing, and during this period, there were 11 submarine accidents in the world. Four of the six wrecked submarines were French. There were many deep trenches on the seabed in Toulon, and the task was a good place to test the performance of the submersible. On January 2, 1968, The French submarine Minerva, with 52 crew members on board, suddenly disappeared during a test in this area. The French military sent more than 3 naval vessels, reconnaissance planes and lifesavers equipped with advanced sonar instruments to search immediately. At the request of the French government, the United States also sent Haiyan, a ship dedicated to seabed search, to assist. At this time, Haiyan also searched the same sea area for the Israeli submarine Dagol, which disappeared two days ago. After careful search, no relics were found. Minerva and Dalol disappeared from the earth forever, and there is no news so far.
The mysterious disappearance of the two submarines in the same sea area within two days makes people feel confused and incredible. All the assumptions were rejected by experts of the French military. The French military said: The assumption that they were attacked by an enemy is as mysterious and whimsical as their disappearance itself.
For thousands of years, the ancient city of Pharaoh under the sea, In ancient Greek fables, myths and epics, it has been repeatedly mentioned that there once was an extremely powerful city on the Mediterranean Sea-the Old Town of Egypt. In History, written by Herodotus, the father of western history, he described in detail what he saw when he visited the Old Town of Egypt, such as the port of heraklion and the spectacular temple of Hercules in the city. It was a pilgrimage site for many religions at that time, but this civilized city mysteriously disappeared more than 2,4 years ago. What is even more surprising is that there is no written record of the city in the official history of ancient Egypt. Since the German archaeologist Schliemann excavated the ancient city of Troy according to the description in Homer's Epic in 187, people believed that "He Jie" was not a myth. But where is the lost old city of France? In 1988, a group of experts composed of world-renowned archaeologists borrowed high technology including electromagnetic waves to discover the possible location of the old city of France at the bottom of the sea 3 meters deep off the coast of Alexandria in northern Egypt. Archaeologists salvaged the black Sphinx and the statue of Isis in the sea, presumably the father of Queen Cleopatra-Pharaoh Toqinmi XII.
In June p>2, When archaeologists wearing diving suits finally dived into the sea floor, they finally found the palace ruins of the city. According to the cultural relics, the city was built in the 7th century BC to the 6th century BC. Archaeologists also found that the houses fell in the same direction. It is expected that the earthquake may have caused the city to quickly sink to the sea floor, because it is located in the Mediterranean-Himalayan earthquake zone.
On June 3rd, 2, The news that the old city of France was discovered spread all over the world by radio waves. Ali Jalaba, an Egyptian archaeological authority, said excitedly: (this) is the greatest discovery in the history of marine archaeology. Ancient Egypt mysteriously went from the ground to the sea. It's so rich. Archaeologists will make a final appraisal with relevant experts on the old town of France and the black sphinx and Isis statue salvaged ashore. Finally, it is confirmed that the old town of France and the underwater palace are Cleopatra's father's palace.
Although the mysterious ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean and its surrounding areas are mysterious, with the development and progress of science and technology, people will one day be able to uncover their mystery and find out their true colors.
Ocean terms. The so-called sea refers to the marginal part of the ocean. According to its location, it can be divided into marginal sea, Mediterranean sea and inland sea.
The Mediterranean Sea is the sea between continents, also known as the "land sea". The area and depth are large, and there are straits connected with adjacent sea areas or oceans. Such as the "Mediterranean" between Europe, Asia and Africa.
The Caribbean Sea between North and South America also belongs to the Mediterranean Sea.
climate type
Mediterranean climate is characterized by dry heat in summer and little rain in winter, which makes the surrounding rivers full of rain in winter and dry up in summer.
The Mediterranean climate is characterized by the westerly belt in winter, frequent frontal cyclones, mild climate, the coldest average monthly temperature of 4-1℃ and abundant precipitation. In summer, under the control of subtropical high, the airflow sinks, the climate is hot and dry, the clouds are sparse and the sunshine is abundant. The annual precipitation is 3 ~ 1mm, accounting for 6% ~ 7% in winter and only 3% ~ 4% in summer. The climate characteristics of winter rain and dry summer are unique among various climate types in the world.
The Mediterranean climate is mainly caused by the westerlies in winter and frequent frontal cyclones. In summer, controlled by the subtropical high pressure belt, the airflow sinks. Among more than ten climate types in the world, the climate types controlled alternately by pressure belts and wind belts throughout the year include, in addition to the Mediterranean climate, tropical grassland climate (controlled alternately by equatorial low pressure belts and trade winds) and tropical desert climate (controlled alternately by trade winds and subtropical high pressure belts). The climate controlled by westerlies all year round is temperate maritime climate.
the distribution law of Mediterranean climate is located on the west coast of the mainland between 3 and 4 degrees north and south latitude. Mediterranean climate is the only climate type that exists on all continents except Antarctica. Among the distribution areas of Mediterranean climate, the Mediterranean coast is the most obvious. Other areas such as California coast in North America, central Chile in South America, Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa and the southwestern and southeastern coasts of Australia. Most of its distribution areas are economically developed and are also hot spots in the world.
Diet
The so-called Mediterranean diet refers to eating a lot of fruits, vegetables, beans, cereals and unsaturated fatty acid)； such as olive oil; Eat a small amount of dairy products, meat, chickens and ducks; Eat more fish "in moderation"; And drink some wine with meals. Columbia University's research team has also published reports in the past, indicating that this eating habit can reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Dr. Scarmis of Columbia University Medical Center said in the latest issue of Neurology that the more strictly Alzheimer's patients follow the Mediterranean-style diet when eating, the longer their lives can be extended. Earlier, other studies in Britain also found that Mediterranean food can help patients with rheumatoid arthritis improve their symptoms.
artistic style
there are many countries around the Mediterranean with different folk customs, but the unique climate characteristics still make the Mediterranean styles of all countries show some consistent characteristics. Usually, the "Mediterranean style" home will adopt several design elements: white plaster walls, continuous arcades and arches, ceramic bricks, sea blue tiles and doors and windows.
of course, design elements cannot be simply pieced together, and there must be a style soul running through them. The soul of Mediterranean style, the more consistent view is "the romantic feelings of blue, the pure beauty and nature of the sea, the sky and the sun." The origin of Mediterranean civilization
Three thousand years ago, Homer, a blind man, once described the legendary island of Crete in an epic: in the deep blue sea in the distance, there was a big island named Crete. Surrounded by waves, the island is rich and beautiful. It is densely populated and has 9 towns, the largest of which is Knossos.
The palace of Knossos is the symbol of Minoan culture in Crete, Greece, and the most prosperous capital of Minoan dynasty at that time. According to the crustal theory, the Crete who dominated the Aegean Sea here should be the same ancestor as the people who built the Stonehenge Temple in Malta. So, is it possible for us to find some clues on this beautiful island today?
The identity of Minos people in Crete is still a mystery. However, Knossos' maze-like style, superb construction technology and elegant art.