Meizhou
Hakka people in Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, China
are known as "China Gypsies", not only because they are also immigrants, but also because they are talented and have created a long-standing culture. Meizhou, a national historical and cultural city, is the distribution center of modern Hakkas and is known as the "guest capital".
Meizhou is located in the northeast of Guangdong province, south of Wuling Mountain Range, at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces, bordering Wuping, Shanghang, Yongding and Pinghe counties in Fujian province in the northeast, Xunwu county in Jiangxi province in the northwest, Longchuan and Zijin counties in Heyuan city in Guangdong province in the west, Luhe county in Shanwei city, Rongcheng district and Jiexi county in Jieyang city in the southwest and south, and Chaozhou city in the southeast. It has jurisdiction over six counties and one district, including Meijiang District, Meixian County, Jiaoling County, dapu county, Fengshun County, Wuhua County and Heping County, to host xingning city.
there are few mountains in Meizhou, and there is a saying that "eight mountains, one water and one field". It covers an area of 15,8 square kilometers and has a population of more than 5 million. Meizhou is a national historical and cultural city, with the reputation of "hometown of culture, hometown of overseas Chinese and hometown of football", and is known for its developed culture and education.
Meizhou has a long history. From the Southern Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty to Meizhou, the Qing Dynasty set up Jiaying Prefecture in Zhili. Xingmei area was set up in October 1949, merged into Shantou area in August 1952, Meixian area was established in 1965, later changed to Meixian area, and was rebuilt into Meizhou city in 1988. Meizhou City is now one of the famous historical and cultural cities promulgated by the State Council.
Meizhou mountain area has mild climate, rich resources, magnificent mountains and rivers, green mountains all year round, beautiful scenery, outstanding people, numerous historical sites and unique cultural landscape. Meizhou is the largest Hakka settlement in China and the well-known "Hakka Capital". "First impressions are most lasting, then guests", the so-called "Hakka" is relative to "indigenous people". The ancestors of Hakka were Han people in the Central Plains. Due to war and famine, they gradually migrated to the south, forming a "Hakka" ethnic group. Hakka dragon house, Han opera, Han tune music and Hakka folk songs all show the charm of ancient Central Plains culture. Guangdong Hakka dialect is mainly popular in northeast and north Guangdong, and now Meizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan and Qingyuan areas. Hakka dialect is represented by Meixian Hakka dialect.
Meizhou is rich in tourism resources, and the main scenic spots are: Lingguang Temple, Yinna Mountain and Wuzhifeng, which were built in the Tang Dynasty. There are also the footprints of famous historical figures Wen Tianxiang, Zhu Zhishan and Han Yu, the former residence of Huang Zunxian, the former residence of Qiu Fengjia and the former residence of Ye Jianying. In 1965, when Mr. Guo Moruo visited Meizhou, he left a poem praising "the origin of cultural relics is first-rate".
In recent years, based on "three high agriculture" and ecological agriculture, Yannan Feicha Tourism Resort, Meiyan Spirulina Breeding Base, Huayin Reclamation Farm and Songkou Raozhizhang 1, mu forest and fruit base have been newly opened. There is also Fengshun Hot Spring Tourist Resort built by exploiting and utilizing local natural resources.
Meizhou embodies mountain rhyme, water rhyme, flower rhyme and tea rhyme, which can be described as endless charm.
Meizhou's special flavor products include Meizhou Shatian pomelo, Xingning Longtian longan, Wuhua fine-seeded litchi and peach and plum fruit. Native products include Xingning brush, pearl red wine and handicrafts such as wood carving, bamboo weaving and stone carving.
Hakka cuisine, also known as Dongjiang cuisine, is a branch of Cantonese cuisine. It is characterized by its multi-purpose meat dishes, less aquatic products and vegetables, prominent main ingredients, simple shape, rich flavor and "fragrant and fat" characteristics. Casserole dishes are good at cooking. The famous dishes commonly seen at Hakka banquets mainly include stuffed tofu, salted chicken, braised pork with plum vegetables, whole duck in Babaowo, braised pork with crystal, meatballs, boiled fish with clear water, and vinegar fish.
physical geography
location, scope and area Meizhou city is located in the northeast of Guangdong province, at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces, with Wuping, Shanghang, Yongding and Pinghe counties in Fujian province in the northeast, Xunwu and Huichang counties in Jiangxi province in the west and northwest, Longchuan, Zijin and Dongyuan counties in Heyuan city in this province, and Jiedong, Jiexi and xiangqiao district counties in Jieyang city in the southeast. The geographical coordinates of the whole territory are located at 115 east longitude. 18' to 116. 56', latitude 23. 23' to 24. 56', the city's total area of 15899.62 square kilometers.
The whole city governs 6 counties and 1 district, including Meijiang District, Meixian County, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, dapu county County, Fengshun County and Wuhua County, and also manages xingning city. The municipal government is located in Xinzhong Road, Jiangnan, Meijiang District. Meizhou Expressway is 384 kilometers from Guangzhou and 345 kilometers from Shenzhen. Meizhou highway is 434 kilometers from Guangzhou, 398 kilometers from Shenzhen and 191 kilometers from Shantou. There is a civil aviation route to Guangzhou, with an air distance of 316 kilometers.
geology, topography and geomorphology the geological structure of Meizhou city is quite complicated, and it is mainly composed of granite, extrusive rock, metamorphic rock, sand shale, red rock and limestone, which constitute five types of landforms: platform, hill, mountain, terrace and plain. The mountainous area of the city accounts for 24.3%; The area of hills, platforms and terraces accounts for 56.6%; The plain area only accounts for about 13.7%; The water area such as rivers and reservoirs accounts for 5.4%.
The mountains in the territory are arranged in an orderly way, consisting of three rows of mountains from northeast to southwest and three rows of mountains from northwest to southeast or north-south. The main three mountain ranges are from northeast to southwest, namely, Qimuzhang-hawksbill mountain-Yangtianzhang-Xiangshan zhang, Shiliaozhang-Liwangzhang-Hongtu zhang-Jiulong zhang-Tonggu zhang. The main peak in Meizhou City is Tonggu Peak, with an altitude of 1,56 meters. Xiangshan Zan, 153 meters above sea level; Phoenix bun, 1497 meters above sea level; Seven eyes are 1318 meters; Yinna Mountain Wuzhi Peak is 1297 meters; Mingshan Zhang 1245 meters; Hongtuzhang 1277 meters; Xiyan Mountain 123 meters; Huangyou pen is 115 meters.
The main basins in China are Xingning Basin, with an area of 32 square kilometers; Meijiang basin, covering an area of 11 square kilometers; Jiaoling basin, covering an area of 1 square kilometers; Tangkeng Basin covers an area of 1 square kilometers.
The main river in China is Hanjiang River, with a total length of 47 kilometers and a drainage basin of 3,112 square kilometers; Meijiang, with a total length of 37 kilometers and a drainage area of 13,929 square kilometers; Tingjiang River, Chengjiang River, Grottoes River, Meitan River, Song Yuan River and Fengliang River. In addition, Dongjiang also flows along the border between xingning city in the northwest of the city and Longchuan County in Heyuan City, with a length of 24.8 kilometers in Meizhou.
climate Meizhou belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, which is the transition zone between the southern subtropical zone and the tropical climate zone in Central Asia. Pingyuan, Jiaoling and Meixian are the southern edge of the tropical climate zone in Central Asia, while Wuhua, Fengshun, Xingning, Tai Po, Heping, Jiaoling and Meixian are the southern tropical climate zones in South Asia. This special terrain, which is located at low latitude and close to the South China Sea, the Pacific Ocean and the mountains, forms a climate with long summer, short winter, high temperature, great disparity in cold potential, sufficient sunshine, blocked airflow and abundant and concentrated rain.
The annual average temperature is 2.6-21.4℃, and the highest temperature in July is 28.3-28.6℃. The lowest in January is between 11.1 and 11.3℃. The extreme high temperature in Meixian County was 39.5℃ on July 25th, 1971, and the extreme low temperature was 7.3℃ on January 12th, 1955.
the average annual sunshine value is 1714.6—21.5 hours, the annual sunshine percentage is 41—47%, and the annual solar radiation is 5125 MJ/m2 and 4652 MJ/m2.
the average annual rainfall is about 15 days, and the average annual rainfall for many years is between 1483.4 and 1798.4 mm. Because there are many mountains, the impact of typhoon is less than that of coastal plains. However, the rainstorm and precipitation brought by typhoon often cause flash floods, landslides and river flooding, and floods become the main disasters. At the same time, cold dew wind, low temperature, rain and drought are also one of the main natural disasters.
historical evolution
the establishment of administrative divisions at the local level in Meizhou began in the Southern Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries and in the third year (945), that is, the second year of the post-Jin Dynasty, and the ascending township was Jingzhou, leading the township and county. In the fourth year of Song Kaibao (971), in order to avoid the taboo of Song Taizu's grandfather Zhao Jingzhi, Jingzhou was changed to Meizhou. In the sixth year of Xining (173), Meizhou was relocated to Chengxiang County, which belonged to Chaozhou. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (182), it was relocated to Meizhou, leading the township and county, belonging to Guangnan East Road. In the sixth year of Shaoxing (1136), Meizhou was rebuilt as Chengxiang County, which belonged to Huzhou. In the 14th year of Shaoxing, Meizhou was re-established, and it still leads the way to townships and counties, belonging to Guangnan East Road. In the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty (1279), Meizhou was promoted to the general manager's office of Meizhou Road, and in the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty, Fulong was Meizhou, leading the township and county, belonging to the Guangdong Daoxuanwei Ambassador Department of Jiangxi Province. In Zhenyuan year (1295), Meizhou was attached to Chaozhou Road, and it was changed to Xuanwei Department of Guangdong Road in Zhili for five years (1318). In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), the abandoned Meizhou was relocated to Chengxiang County, which belonged to Chaozhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province. In the 11th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1733), Chengxiang was upgraded to Jiaying Prefecture in Zhili, and was in charge of Xingning, Changle, Pingyuan and Zhenping counties. Chengxiang County, which belongs to this county, was called "Jiaying Five Genus" and was directly under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. In the 12th year of Jiaqing (187), Jiaying Prefecture was promoted to Jiaying Prefecture. Jiaqing became Jiaying Prefecture in the seventeenth year, and still led Xingning, Changle, Pingyuan and Zhenping counties. In the third year of Xuantong (1911), Jiaying Prefecture was renamed Meizhou. In 1914, the state government system was abolished, and Meizhou was renamed Meixian.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xingmei Special Zone was set up in October 1949. On January 26, 195, the State Council issued a document to set up Xingmei Administrative Inspector's Office, which governs Meixian, Xingning, Wuhua, Tai Po, Fengshun, Jiaoling and Pingyuan counties. At the end of 1952, the Xingmei area was abolished, and the 7 counties of Xingmei were transferred to the administrative region of eastern Guangdong. In February 1956, the administrative region of eastern Guangdong was divided into Huiyang and Shantou, and Xingmei County was Shantou.
Meixian area was established in July 1965. The original Xingmei 7 counties were separated from Shantou area and belonged to Meixian area, and later changed to Meixian area. In March 1979, Meizhou Town under the jurisdiction of Meixian County was upgraded from the district level to the county level called Meizhou City, and Meixian County administered 7 counties and 1 city. In June 1983, after the merger of Meizhou City and Meixian County, Meixian County was changed from 7 counties and 1 city to 6 counties and 1 city.
in January, 1988, Guangdong implemented the system of city governing counties, and Meixian area was changed to Meizhou city (officially listed in March), which governed the original Xingmei 7 counties and Meijiang District, a newly designated county-level area, and ***7 counties and 1 district. In June, 1994, Xingning County withdrew from the county and set up a city (county-level). Meizhou City administered six counties and one district, and hosted xingning city.
overview of Hakka capital
Meizhou city is located in the northeast of Guangdong province, at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces, with a total area of 15,8 square kilometers. It now governs Meijiang District, xingning city, Meixian County, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, dapu county County, Fengshun County and Wuhua County, with more than 5 million people. In the third year of Ganhe in the South Han Dynasty (AD 945), Jingzhou was changed to Meizhou in the fourth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 971). After 1949, Xingmei area and Meixian area were set up. In 1988, Meixian area was changed to Meizhou city. It has a history of more than 1, years, and it enjoys the "hometown of culture", "hometown of football" and "hometown of overseas Chinese". There are many famous people in Meizhou, which is the hometown of Marshal Ye Jianying. Song Xiang, a Lingnan genius during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Jiaqing, Huang Zunxian, a diplomat and educator in the late Qing Dynasty, Qiu Fengjia, an anti-Japanese, an outstanding poet and educator, Ding Richang, a famous westernization athlete, strategist and one of the four major bibliophiles in China, Zhang Bishi, a famous patriotic overseas Chinese leader, and Li Huitang, a modern Asian ball king, are all from Meizhou. Since 23, Meizhou has fully implemented the development strategy of "opening Meizhou, industrial Meizhou, ecological Meizhou and cultural Meizhou", which has effectively promoted the development of mountain economy. In 24, the city's GDP was 27.164 billion yuan, an increase of 12.3% over the previous year, and the growth rate reached a new high in ten years, among which the primary, secondary and tertiary industries increased by 3.1%, 19.2% and 11.4% respectively. The general budget revenue was 1.249 billion yuan, exceeding the 1 billion yuan mark for the first time, an increase of 36.5%.
in the work of developing mountain economy, Meizhou municipal party Committee and government attach great importance to the development of tourism, positioning tourism as the pillar industry of the tertiary industry, and specially issued a series of policies and measures, such as "Several Opinions on Accelerating Tourism Development" and "Meizhou Tourism Management Regulations", which promoted the rapid development of the city's tourism industry, and Meizhou's tourism industry has great development potential and sufficient stamina. In 24, the city received 2,681,3 tourists from home and abroad, with a total tourism revenue of 2,836 million yuan, up by 34.6% and 43.4% respectively. Tourism has become a new bright spot in the city's economic development.
Meizhou has a distinctive tourism image and outstanding characteristics. Relying on the advantages of Hakka cultural resources and ecological and warm spring resources, Meizhou clearly takes "shaping the Hakka capital of the world, creating fine Hakka cultural products, special products of hot spring recreation and famous products of landscape recreation and holiday" as its tourism development orientation, and has formed Hakka cultural and landscape recreation and holiday tourism products represented by Yannan Feichatian Resort and Yanming Lake Tourism Resort, and hot spring recreation and holiday tourism products represented by Wuhua Tanghu Hot Mine Mud Bath Villa and Fengshun Qianjiang Hot Spring Hotel. At the same time, taking "creating excellence" as an opportunity, our city has made great efforts to strengthen the modern tourism function of the city and enhance the city's taste, and built the "one river and two banks" highlight project, two performance venues (places for tourists to perform in the daytime and at night), three centers (international conference center, exhibition center and tourist consultation service center), four streets (Hongdu gourmet street, Feng Ling Road Hakka shopping street, Yihua Road pedestrian street, and so on). A number of urban tourist toilets have been rebuilt and built, and the urban streets have realized the "five modernizations" (greening, purification, beautification, lighting and hard bottoming), which has made Meizhou's urban functions more perfect, the transportation more convenient, the environment more harmonious, the air fresher, the employment easier and the entrepreneurship more suitable, and shaped a tourist city image of "mountains and rivers are interdependent, and man and nature are in harmony and unity".
At present, there are 2 national 4A-level tourist attractions, 2 provincial-level tourist resorts, 2 provincial-level scenic spots, 4 provincial-level nature reserves, 1 national-level cultural relics protection unit and 24 provincial-level cultural relics protection units in the city, and 2 scenic spots are under application for 3A-level protection. Among them, Yannanfei Tea Field Resort, Wuhua Tanghu Hot Mine Mud Villa, Wuzhishi, Changtan and Pankeng are listed as 1 scenic spots for holidays and leisure in Guangdong, while Ye Shuai's former residence, Dragon Whale River rafting and Shenguang Mountain are listed as 1 new sightseeing spots in Guangdong.
Tourism profile
Meizhou is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, with a total area of 15,8 square kilometers. It governs Meijiang District, xingning city, Meixian County, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, dapu county County, Fengshun County and Wuhua County, with a total population of 5 million, of which 97% are Hakkas. It is the largest settlement of Hakkas in the world and enjoys the title of "Hakka Capital of the World". Meizhou is a national historical and cultural city, an excellent tourist city in China, and the hometown of Marshal Ye Jianying. At the same time, Meizhou enjoys the reputation of hometown of Hakka cuisine in China, hometown of golden pomelo in China, hometown of dancong tea in China, hometown of culture, hometown of overseas Chinese, hometown of football and hometown of folk songs.
Meizhou has a long history, many places of interest, rich resources, outstanding people, beautiful scenery and beautiful scenery. There are two national 4A-level tourist areas and national agricultural tourism demonstration sites in the city: Yannanfei Tea Field Resort with the theme of tea culture, and Yanming Lake Tourism Resort with the theme of showing southern medicine culture and integrating health care.