Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in treating cholelithiasis. The diseases described in Treatise on Febrile Diseases are very similar to gallstones and cholecystitis in modern medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that gallstones are caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and six evils, internal injuries caused by seven emotions, improper diet and insect accumulation, which leads to liver depression and qi stagnation, qi stagnation and blood stasis, obstruction of gallbladder and fu-organs, and affects bile transport. Stagnation of gallbladder qi leads to bile obstruction and stagnation into gallstones. Therefore, in principle, the treatment is mainly based on "regulating qi and promoting blood circulation, clearing heat and drying dampness, and dredging interior to attack interior". Commonly used herbs include Bupleurum, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Lysimachiae Christinae, Scutellariae Radix, Radix Aucklandiae, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Curcumae, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii Sulfas. In the application, according to the change of illness, the treatment based on syndrome differentiation is carried out and adjusted. It is reported that the effective rate is 25% and the cure rate is 10%. The experimental observation also found that Paishi decoction can increase bile secretion, gallbladder contraction and sphincter relaxation at the lower end of common bile duct. The increase of bile secretion can play an "inward rush" role from top to bottom, and the synergistic effect of gallbladder contraction and Oddi sphincter relaxation is beneficial to the discharge of gallstones.