construction period
The city was built on May 27th, 1703, ordered by Russian Tsar Peter I, and named after the first building in the city, Fort St. Peter Paul, which guarded the mouth of the neva river River. The name of this city is directly translated from the German "St. Petersburg". 19 14. After the outbreak of World War I, anti-Germanic sentiment appeared in Russia, and the czar government renamed St. Petersburg Petrograd. Later, the Soviet Union was founded. In order to commemorate the revolution of leader Lenin in this city during the October Revolution, the name of this city was changed to Leningrad after Lenin died in 1924. 199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the old name of St. Petersburg was restored by referendum.
(Note: "grad" means "city" in Russian, but it is also translated as "Grad" in other Slavic languages. )
Different from other cities
The biggest difference between St. Petersburg and other European cities is that the names of all European capitals are one word with only one meaning; However, the name of St. Petersburg comes from three different sources: "Saint", which comes from Latin and means "holy", and "Peter", the name of a disciple of Jesus, which is interpreted as "stone" and "castle" in Greek, is called "city" in German or Dutch; In this way, the name of St. Petersburg not only coincides with the name of Peter the Great, but also shows that this young city contains extraordinary sources of cultural background. It not only follows the cultural traditions of Germany and the Netherlands (Dutch and German belong to Germanic languages), but also the symbolic significance of the city is closely related to ancient Rome with St. Peter as the patron saint. Interestingly, even the emblem of St. Petersburg, a cross anchor, is similar to the emblem of the Vatican in Rome. The city flower of St. Petersburg is tulip, which is the most beautiful in spring and summer.
geography
St Petersburg is located at the entrance of the Gulf of Finland. It is the delta where neva river and neva river meet. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/8th century, it was still a swamp. With the construction of St. Petersburg, artificial canals crisscross the city. These canals were dug during the period of Catherine II, with the purpose of alleviating the seawater flowing backward into St. Petersburg because of the shallow water in the Gulf of Finland. St Petersburg has 42 small islands connected by 423 bridges. Area code: LED
Time zone: standard time zone: +4 time zone UTC/GMT+4 hours.
Latitude and longitude: 59 55' N, 30 25' E.
Telephone area code: country area code: +7 (Russia) area code: 8 12
History makes history.
St Petersburg was built in 1703 with a history of more than 300 years. Its name comes from St. Peter, a disciple of Jesus. St. Petersburg became
The capital of Russia. For more than 200 years, it has been the heart of the Russian empire. St Petersburg, located on the east bank of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea and at the mouth of neva river, is the second largest Russian city, an important industrial center and transportation hub. The city originated from 1703. Peter the Great established Peter Paul Fortress on Rabbit Island at the mouth of Neva River, and later expanded it into a city called St. Petersburg. 17 12 It has been more than 200 years since the Russian capital moved here from Moscow. 19 14 changed its name to Petrograd, 1924 changed its name to Leningrad after Lenin's death, 19 1 restored the old name of St. Petersburg after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Dozens of criss-crossing waterways and canals in the neva river Delta divide this land into nearly 100 islands, which are connected by more than 400 bridges, making St. Petersburg a unique "water city" and "bridge city" landscape. The central city is located on the south bank of the Greater Neva River. The most prosperous Neva Street in the city runs through the whole city. Seaports, river ports and various factories are distributed in the peripheral Vasilyev Island, Petrograd District and Weibao District. Russian classical architecture and places of interest left by the former imperial capital abound. For example, Petropavlovsk Fortress, Winter Palace and Palace Square, Summer Palace and Summer Palace, Naval Headquarters Building, St. Isaac's Cathedral, December Party Square, Smolny College, Russian Museum, wyndell dichinson Church, Sima Bridge, ... neva river gave birth to splendid Russian culture, making St. Petersburg a famous scientific and cultural city, and many outstanding scientists emerged, such as lomonosov, Mendeleev, Pushkin and Gogol.
make one's name
On May 27th, 1703, in the name of Holy Trinity, a grand foundation laying ceremony of St. Petersburg was held in Rabbit Island. Peter the Great first built the Peter and Paul Fortress on Rabbit Island in the neva river Delta, which was heavily guarded against the attack of the Swedish army. At this point, the Baltic Sea estuary was incorporated into the Russian territory, and Peter the Great founded the Baltic Fleet, which enabled Russia to have its own navy for the first time in history. He is also the well-deserved father of the Russian navy.
Base year
1703 is the foundation year of St. Petersburg. Since then, the city has gradually developed from a fortress. The construction of this city has paid a great price. About100000 craftsmen were sent to work on the construction site. Because Petersburg is a swamp, Peter the Great also ordered all the stones in the country to be transported here as the foundation, and it was forbidden to build houses with stones in other places. Besides, ships coming here from other places must pay taxes. The so-called tax is not a coin, but a stone that comes with the ship. According to the regulations at that time, the big ship should carry 30 pieces, and the small boat should carry 10 pieces, and each piece should be no less than 10 pounds.
19 14 years ago it was called St. Petersburg, 19 14- 1924 it was called Leningrad, 1924- 1965438. Russia's second largest city and important port. In St. Petersburg, there is the third cathedral in the world-St. Issa Cathedral, also known as Issa Kiev Cathedral. It was built in 1858 and took 40 years to complete. The interior is decorated with dark green marble, the ceiling murals are inlaid with 14 different gems, and the icons in front of the altar are all inlaid with gold. This is a rare tourist attraction.
A rich and luxurious garden
Peter Palace is located on the south bank of the Gulf of Finland in the western suburb, covering an area of 800 hectares. It is the summer palace of the tsar. In the rich and luxurious garden, there are all kinds of fountains and cleverly arranged golden statues, and some fountains will tease people. If you accidentally step on the mechanism, the water column will be ejected from all directions, which will be fun. Peter Palace is also called "Versailles Palace in Russia".
Tashi Museum in Elmy, one of the three largest museums in the world, is also located in St. Petersburg. It is also the former czar's winter palace, and now it is part of the Russian National Museum, which houses the world's precious paintings and sculptures, such as the famous paintings of Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso and Van Gogh. There are 2.7 million valuable clocks and watches, which are the best in the world. In addition, Hua Ni River, Grand Palace Square and Lenin Memorial Hall are also worth visiting.
Baiyecheng
St Petersburg is one of the few cities in the world with white nights. From May to August every year, there is almost no dark sky in this city. Walking on the quiet Neva River at night and watching the Northern Lights under the blue sky feel like in a dream. Besides sightseeing, tourists can also visit Nafsky Street, where many shops sell goods full of ethnic characteristics. Visitors can definitely buy their favorite souvenirs here and return home with a full load.
St Petersburg is the second largest Russian city, located in the neva river Delta at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, with a population of about 5 million (July 2006). St Petersburg is a water city as famous as Venice. The whole city consists of more than 40 islands, with more than 70 natural rivers and canals circuitous. The sparkling clear water and elegant architecture set each other off in interest, and the ancient bridge is like Changhong lying on the waves. St Petersburg is a veritable bridge museum. Besides railway and highway bridges, there are more than 300 bridges connecting this water city.
architectural complex
Fort Peter Paul, a famous ancient building on the Neva River in St. Petersburg.
In 17 12, Russia moved its capital from Moscow to here for more than 200 years until 19 14, and it was always called St. Petersburg. 19 14 World War I broke out. At that time, Russia and Germany were hostile countries. Since the word "fortress" in St. Petersburg comes from German pronunciation, the authorities decided to rename the city Petrograd. 19 17 years, with the cannon of the cruiser Aphrodite, the October Revolution led by Lenin was successful here, thus creating a brand-new Soviet era. In March 65438, the capital moved back to Moscow from here. 1924 after Lenin's death, people deeply miss this revolutionary leader, as the poet Mayakovsky said: Every stone here commemorates Lenin. In memory of him, the city was renamed Leningrad on 1924, and "Gele" means city in Russian. Until June 1992, St. Petersburg held another referendum to rename the city. Therefore, most people agree to change the old name of St. Petersburg. This is to commemorate Peter the Great, and it also marks the end of the Soviet era!
Leningrad during World War II
During World War II, St. Petersburg was then known as Leningrad. There is a tragic history here. German fascist troops besieged the city for 872 days (from September 8 194 1 to June 27 1944), which was the longest siege in the Second World War. Hitler threatened: "Let the city of Petersburg disappear from the earth." The Russians began the difficult defense of Leningrad. People in the city can only get 25 grams of bread every day, and many people starve and freeze to death. However, the Soviet Red Army was indomitable and resisted to the death, and did not let the enemy move forward. The battle of Leningrad finally won the final victory, but it also paid a painful price: according to statistics, 642,000 people died of hunger and cold in Leningrad, more than 20,000 people died of German air strikes and shelling, 3,200 buildings were destroyed, the city was unrecognizable, and the streets were in ruins. After the war, people rebuilt their homes and repaired the monuments destroyed by fascist gunfire. Through the hard work of artists and craftsmen, the city has regained its former style.
Historic city of Russia
St. Petersburg is a famous cultural and historical city in Russia. It is famous for its exquisite architecture and is known as the "museum on the ground". The buildings such as Peter Paul, Peter the Great Summer Palace, Smolny College, Winter Palace, Kazan Cathedral and St. Isaac Cathedral are elegant, luxurious and colorful. The famous Winter Palace is located in St. Petersburg Palace Square. After the tsar was overthrown in 19 17, the former tsar's palace became a symbol of the October Revolution. 1922, which became a part of Tashi Museum in Elmy. In addition, Pushkin, lermontov, Gorky and many other famous Russian poets and writers have lived and created here.
In Russian history, St. Petersburg is also a hero city. 19 17 Both the February Revolution and the October Revolution broke out here. The cruiser Aphrodite, which shelled the Winter Palace, is still leaning on the Neva River, and the cannon that fired the first shot of the October Revolution is still aiming at the Winter Palace. During World War II, the city was besieged by German fascist troops for 900 days, and hundreds of thousands of people died of hunger and cold. However, the heroic people of St. Petersburg relied on their courage, will and confidence to protect their city until they won the victory against the siege. After the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet government awarded St. Petersburg the honorary title of "Hero City", and the spirit of the people of St. Petersburg became a symbol of the Russian national spirit.
Today, St. Petersburg is one of the important teaching and research centers in Russia. There are more than 40 institutions of higher learning and more than 400 scientific research institutions, including the Academy of Sciences established in the era of Peter the Great. St Petersburg is also the second largest industrial center in Russia and an important seaport and shipbuilding base after Moscow.
St Petersburg is located at 60 degrees north latitude. In midsummer, the sunshine lasts for nearly 20 hours, and the "white night" is the wonder of St. Petersburg. It usually happens in June and July, and there is only a short gap between the sunset and the rising sun, so people can read books and newspapers in the street without lighting up.
Maticheng
Great St. Petersburg forms a huge horseshoe-shaped town group at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland (including Kotlin Island): the northern shore is residential area, convalescent area and tourist area; The south bank is a cultural and commercial center; Extend eastward back to neva river to Ivanovskoye. The urban area is divided into four parts by the tributaries of neva river, with the left bank (south bank) of neva river as the naval area, the Vassili area between neva river and neva river, the Petrograd area between neva river and neva river, and the Weibao area east of neva river.
St Petersburg is also an important seaport in Russia. The main port is located in the southwest of the city. Granite dikes are built on both sides of the river, and protective dikes are built in the port area. The artificial waterway is connected with the Cranstadt military port on Kotlin Island. The port area mainly imports metal pipelines, industrial equipment, chemicals, sugar, cotton and fruits; Export machinery, timber, coal, potassium salt and pyrite. Passenger transport is mainly concentrated in summer (via the Baltic Sea to Britain). Small seagoing vessels can reach Lake Ladoga along the neva river, where they are connected with the internal drainage system of Russia and Europe, and pass through Lake Ladoga, Taikoo River, Onega Lake and White Sea Canal. Ships can enter the White Sea and connect with the North Sea route along the Russian Arctic Ocean. They can reach the Volga River basin, Caspian Sea, Black Sea and Azov Sea through Onega Lake and Volga-Baltic waterway.
The urban traffic is developed, and there are 10 railway trunk lines leading radially to Helsinki, Warsaw, Moscow and other Russian cities.
Cultural city
St Petersburg is a famous cultural city. There are more than 40 institutions of higher learning and more than 400 scientific research institutions. Among them, the famous ones are St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg State University of Technology, St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Design, Russian State Normal University, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and Frozen Soil Research Institute established in 18 19. There are more than 50 museums in this city, which is called the city of museums. The famous Russian Museum was founded in 1895. Russian ancient buildings in the city are famous far and wide, belonging to1early 8th century. The main buildings are: Peter Paul Fortress and Peter Paul Cathedral (the burial place of Peter the Great), Peter the Great Summer Garden on Admiralty Island and the Summer Palace in the garden. These buildings have the characteristics of early Russian baroque architecture: simplicity, grandeur and stability. Buildings in the late 8th century include Smolny College, Winter Palace, Tavlich Palace and Ani Chikov Palace (renamed Children's Palace after the October Revolution). /kloc-The main buildings in the early 9th century include: the magnificent Kazan Cathedral, the Isak Kiev Cathedral with a height of 10 1 m, etc. Many famous Russian poets and writers, such as Pushkin, lermontov and Gorky, have lived and created here.
Northern capital
St Petersburg is the political, economic and cultural center of Russia after Moscow, and also the central city of northwest Russia, also known as the "northern capital". There are more than 4,000 industrial enterprises, whose output value accounts for 6% of Russia's total industrial output value, and industrial products sell well all over the country. The industries are mainly shipbuilding, power machinery and other manufacturing industries. Shipbuilding ranks first in the Commonwealth of Independent States, which can produce large-scale atomic icebreakers and various vehicles, engines and weapons. Followed by the chemical industry, producing calcium superphosphate (using apatite from kola peninsula as raw material), ships and other synthetic rubber products, plastics and their products and synthetic fibers. Textile, food and consumer goods industries are also very developed, including cotton and linen textiles, clothing and footwear. Industrial electricity comes from peat power stations and hydropower stations near the Volkhoff River, Taikoo River and Vauxa River.
St Petersburg, Russia's second largest city, is located in the neva river Delta at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, which is Russia's "window" to Europe. The current population is about 5 million (July 2006). The whole city consists of more than 40 islands, with many waterways and more than 700 bridges connecting the islands. St. Petersburg has beautiful scenery and the reputation of "Venice in the North". Because it is located at 60 degrees north latitude, there is a "white night" phenomenon in early summer every year.
This historic city was built by Peter the Great in 1703 and named after St. Peter of the Orthodox Church, so it is called St. Petersburg. From 17 12 to 19 18, it has always been the capital of Russia, hence the name "the capital of the north".
19 14 After the outbreak of World War I, Russia and Germany were enemies of each other, so Russia used the Slavic word "Greer" to represent the city instead of the German word "fortress", and St. Petersburg was renamed Peter Grad. After Lenin died in June 1924, the city was renamed Leningrad. 1991after the disintegration of the Soviet union in February, the city resumed its original name of St. Petersburg.
In Russian history, St. Petersburg is also a hero city. 19 17 Both the February Revolution and the October Revolution broke out here. The cruiser Aphrodite, which shelled the Winter Palace, is still leaning on the Neva River, and the cannon that fired the first shot of the October Revolution is still aiming at the Winter Palace. During the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, the city was besieged by German fascist troops for 900 days, and hundreds of thousands of people were killed by hunger and cold. However, the heroic people of St. Petersburg relied on their courage, will and confidence to protect their city until they won the victory against the siege. After the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet government awarded St. Petersburg the honorary title of "Hero City", and the spirit of the people of St. Petersburg became a symbol of the Russian national spirit.
St Petersburg is famous for its scenic spots and historical sites. 18- 19 century has a large number of famous buildings: Peter and Paul Fortress, Peter the Great's Summer Palace, Smolny College, Winter Palace, Kazan Cathedral, Issa Kiev Cathedral and other buildings are elegant, luxurious and colorful. The famous Winter Palace is located in St. Petersburg Palace Square. After the tsar was overthrown in 19 17, the former tsar's palace became a symbol of the October Revolution. 1922, which became a part of Tashi Museum in Elmy.
Many famous Russian poets and writers, such as Pushkin, lermontov and Gorky, have lived and written here. The city has also cultivated and cultivated glinka, Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich and other artistic celebrities. St. Petersburg is one of the important teaching and scientific research centers in Russia, with the Academy of Sciences established in the era of Peter the Great. There are more than 40 institutions of higher learning and more than 400 scientific research institutions in the city, including the famous National St. Petersburg University, the National St. Petersburg University of Technology, the Antarctic and Antarctic Institute and the Institute of Permafrost. There are more than 50 museums in this city, which is called "the city of museums".
St Petersburg is Russia's second largest industrial center after Moscow, and it is also an important seaport and shipbuilding base. The industry is mainly shipbuilding, power machinery and other manufacturing industries, which can produce large-scale atomic icebreakers, and the chemical, textile and food industries are also very developed.
In addition, the city is also famous for its strong sports atmosphere. St Petersburg hosts more than 65,438+0,000 sports events every year, of which more than 65,438+0,000 are domestic and international events. From 1993 to 2008, athletes from St. Petersburg won more than 220 gold medals in major international and European sports competitions. At present, there are 4 high and secondary sports colleges, 98 junior sports schools, 2 Olympic reserve talent training schools and 5 senior sports talent training schools with about 73,000 students.
St Petersburg became twin cities with China on 1988.
Edit this population
The population of St. Petersburg is 4,600,276. In 2003, the average income was 6 179 rubles (about 176 euros). The residents of this city are mainly Russians (89. 1%), others are Ukrainians (3%), Jews (2. 1%), Belarusians (1.9%) and Tatars (0.9%). Other residents account for 3%, including Finns, Estonians, Germans, Poles, Vietnamese and China.
Tourism representative palace
The Winter Palace (зимнийдворец): was originally a Russian imperial palace, and now it is a part of hermitage museum. In front of the palace is the semi-circular General Staff Square and the Alexander Monument. Located in the Palace Square, it was built between 1754 and 1762, and was the palace of the czars of past dynasties. The architectural style is baroque, with three floors, more than 1000 halls and rooms, and extremely luxurious interior and exterior decoration. After the October Revolution in Russia, the Winter Palace was transformed into a museum, with a collection of nearly 3 million antiques and art treasures from all over the world. According to the themes of prehistoric culture, Greek and Roman culture, oriental culture and Russian culture, it is one of the largest museums in the world at present.