Local Lang, a foreign daughter-in-law, is a good drama with outstanding acting and true story, which reflects the life portrayal of Xiguan people in Guangzhou, and its shooting background and location are also based on the ancient xiguan big house in Liwan District.
Guangzhou Xiguan is so arrogant; Xiguan customs, Xiguan cuisine, Miss Xiguan, xiguan big house. One of them, xiguan big house, has three characteristics. First, the house is a brick-wood structure, and it must be blue bricks. Second, the movable wooden window in front of the door, and third, the Manchu window with various color patterns in a special style.
Over the past decades, Guangzhou, which is undergoing urban construction, has been demolished many times, but Xiguan still retains a considerable number of old houses, mainly concentrated in Jinlong Road, Enning Road and other sections and inner streets in Liwan District.
In recent years, the Guangzhou Municipal Government has attached great importance to the protection of historical heritage and cultural relics, and invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the renovation or reconstruction of Xiguan Ancient Street and xiguan big house to better preserve and protect this ancient building in xiguan big house.
(Image from Baidu)
The courtyard is a little deep, passing through the foot gate, terrace and main entrance, bypassing the front patio and middle patio from both sides, and behind the sandwich wooden screen, which is the life scene of Xiguan family in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Xiguan culture is the epitome of Guangzhou culture, while xiguan big house embodies the essence of Xiguan architectural culture. Recently, the reporter visited Hongchang Street, Duobao Road, Jinlong West Road, Sanlian Street, Fengyuan Street and Xiguan Folk Museum, looking for xiguan big house in the downtown area. The artistic features of the combination of China and the West and the exquisite design of the architectural structure tell the history of the past, showing a strong Guangfu culture, and the ancient charm still exists.
Xiguan folk-custom museum
Thick traditional Xiguan wind in the blue brick house lane
Turn in from the east side of Liwan Museum, and a big blue brick house stands quietly in a narrow alley. This Xiguan Folk Museum, with the reconstructed xiguan big house as the main building, is located on the east side of the original site, with a construction area of 278 square meters. The overall structure of the big house basically embodies the main features of traditional xiguan big house. The alley outside the house is called "Qingyun Lane", which carries many functions, so it has many nicknames. It is called "water lane" because it can drain water, "fire lane" because it can isolate fire, and "cold lane" because it can input cold air into the room for ventilation.
Step into the low-foot door, push open the hardwood door of the terrace, and you can see the red mud on the ground with your head down, and you can also see the tianqu cover carved with wooden boards to separate the hall from the patio. The folk museum adopts the layout of three rooms, facing the gate is the main hall, and the tables, chairs and furniture that come into view are made of sour branches and arranged symmetrically. "In the past, when a big family received guests, the host and receptionist sat on the left, and the guests and waiters sat on the right. Look at this table, it was originally used for drinking tea and eating snacks. " Professor Tang Guohua, Dean of Lingnan School of Architecture of Guangzhou University, pointed to the round table in the center of the hall and said. There is also a row of "water windows" directly above the gate, which are ventilated by rope roller skating.
Xiguan Folk Museum restored the main hall of xiguan big house.
Further inside, the small room surrounded by screen doors behind the main hall is called the head room, which is the residence of the oldest elder in the family. Behind the first room is the second hall, where family members eat. Folk Museum displays all kinds of ancient daily necessities here, such as teak juicer, copper pitcher, pulp bowl, washboard and so on. The most interesting thing is a large water mixing furnace, made of all copper. When one side is heated by firewood, the other two sides can also be heated and insulated by heat transfer. The brilliant idea is amazing.
The reading room is where the younger generation in the family study. There is a small yard in front of the study room. "Small yards with books are generally closed to the outside world, so that children can study with peace of mind and avoid being disturbed."
No.22 Hongchang Avenue
The combination of Chinese and western ingenuity shows that every brick and wood has feelings.
No.22 Hongchang Street is the only well-preserved xiguan big house in Guangzhou. It used to be composed of wood carvings, gray sculptures, iron columns and stained glass windows. , with a strong artistic feature of combining Chinese and western. The whole building faces south. It is two stories high and half open. It covers an area of more than 200 square meters and has a building area of more than 300 square meters. The whole big house has three bays, and the longitudinal walls are mainly load-bearing. All patios and skylights leading to the sky are equipped with iron anti-theft grilles.
Xiguan big house, No.22 Hongchang Street, has been transformed into a kindergarten.
According to reports, the structure of No.22 Hongchang Street is: the main room (also known as "middle road") is porch, porch, front patio, sedan chair hall, middle patio, main hall, master room and back patio from south to north along the central axis.
The first entrance is the "entrance hall", and there used to be a shrine of "door officer" on the east wall. The middle "block" consists of wooden screen doors, and the front patio blocks and reaches the sky directly. The large white mud brick on the main entrance floor is rare now, and it can absorb moisture in spring. The part of the patio slightly below the ground is covered with granite slabs, so that rainwater falling into the room can be discharged into the sewer through the money hole drainage hole.
The second entrance is the sedan chair hall, which is the teahouse for ordinary guests. After entering the gate, the dignitaries crossed the block and the front patio and fell proudly. The wooden screen blocked the patio in the middle of the back, so guests had to enter from both sides. After crossing the middle patio, they entered the "main hall" of the third entrance.
The main hall is a restaurant that mainly entertains guests and hosts. For lighting and ventilation, the main hall is open to the patio. Above the master's house is a sacred building, and the back and back patio are separated by a brick wall. The wall is 1.5 meters above the ground, which changes the superstitious habit of not opening windows on the back wall of old traditional houses.
There is a well underground the day after tomorrow, and a narrow lane between the back wall and the adjacent house is "Qingyun Lane". There are two doors on the left and right of the back wall, and the cold air in the lane can enter the room, and the ventilation system of "back patio-indoor cold alley-middle patio-front patio-outdoor street" is added.
Expert: xiguan big house in narrow sense and broad sense.
Xiguan big house in a broad sense refers to all large-scale Xiguan dwellings built in Xiguan area. There are many western-style houses along Duobao Road, Jinlong West Road and Fengyuan North Street in Xiguan. The house still retains xiguan big house elements such as the entrance door, and the whole house is dominated by western elements. However, traditional houses in xiguan big house are more than two stories high. Besides blue bricks, there are also red bricks, and western-style stone pillars are also common.
Whether there is a shrine or not can be said to be the biggest difference between xiguan big house in a narrow sense and xiguan big house in a broad sense, while visiting is a combination of Chinese and Western. Professor Tang Guohua believes that xiguan big house in a narrow sense was built in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and its prototype is the ancestral temple in the countryside. At that time, the road in the middle of the ancestral hall was used to worship ancestors, and people could live on both sides of the road. Xiguan big house borrowed this pattern, but the middle road was mainly used to receive guests, and there was a shrine to ancestors in the big house.
Large houses generally cover a large area and have the characteristics of Xiguan. Most of the architectural styles are from China. The basic structure includes brick-wood structure, three entrances and three slopes, and three bays on the facade. There are obvious blue masonry feet, ramps and stone gates in front of the gate. The most magnificent xiguan big house has seven depths, including a living room, a small hall, a study hall and a garden, which were mainly built by comprador and businessmen.
The reporter visited Duobao Road, Jinlong West Road and Fengyuan North Street, and found many western-style houses in Xiguan. The house still retains xiguan big house elements such as the entrance door, and the overall height of the house exceeds the two-story height of traditional xiguan big house. Besides blue bricks, red bricks, reinforced concrete beams and slabs, and western-style stone pillars are also common.
The gate of Xiguan Building in Jinlong Middle Road is a xiguan big house that combines Chinese and Western styles.
The big house at No.24 Duobao Road is the former site of china zhi gong party Central Party Department. Tang Guohua told reporters that the layout structure of this big house is similar to that of xiguan big house in a broad sense, with reinforced concrete, western-style stone pillars at the door, triangular mountain flower roof and wrought iron decoration, and there is no special ancestral temple in xiguan big house.
"Look at this stone pillar. Stone pier has bamboo knuckles, which belongs to Chinese style. The column body and stigma are western-style. The facade of the wall is made of blue bricks, and the second half is made of red bricks. Its roof is also western-style. " Standing in front of the "Xiguan Mansion" at No.55 Jinlong West Road, Tang Guohua explained to reporters, "Like Chen Lianbo's former residence and Jiang Guangnai's former residence, it is also the Xiguan Mansion in this broad sense."
No.8 Fengyuan Street Mansion is located in xiguan big house Building Protection Zone, which is a three-bay building and faces south. The facade is all made of water mill and blue bricks, with a concave belly door in the middle. There are several detailed edges carved on the stone door frame, and there are woodcut patterns on the rafters and foot doors. The cornice board is carved with wood carvings. The foot of the front stone wall has a base with a height of 22 cm, on which several foot lines are engraved. "Now its left and right sides are separated and opened. As a residential house, it is not a complete layout. " Tang Guohua said.
Extension: xiguan big house's knowledge
Basic structure:
The typical plane of xiguan big house is "three-sided intersection" (that is, three bays), and the main hall is the hall. From the steps, you step on the recessed porch-three doors (foot door, rafter door, gate)-hall-middle door-patio-sedan chair hall-patio-main hall-head room (elder room)-second hall-tail room, forming a line.
Qingyun Lane:
It has many functions such as transportation, ventilation and lighting. If the alley is long, it is often separated by a doorway wall in the middle section, which adds a sense of hierarchy to the wall. Some Qingyun lanes have wells. In the old days, it was thought that the well water connected the sea, and the dragon god of Jing Quan was the sea dragon king, so as to keep the family safe. This is a well with the dragon god of Jing Quan on it.
Qingyun lane
Terrace:
In the past, the patio was mostly square, especially the patio between the gatehouse hall, sedan chair hall and main hall, which emphasized the need for square. The drainage holes in the patio are often carved into the shape of money, which is related to the belief that water is wealth in the past and has the function of a fence.
Drainage hole in the patio
God architecture:
It is a frame shrine like a classical opera stage, with a small door for people to enter and exit, so as to light incense sticks and magic lamps in the morning and evening.
Headspace:
The room where the oldest elder in the family lives.
Facing the room (guest room):
Guest's temporary room. Furniture display is relatively simple and casual. The roads in xiguan big house are connected by a cross gate. Most of the horizontal doors are decorated with horizontal plaques or brick carvings, and some are made into semi-circular colored glass windows. The windows with butterfly patterns, commonly known as "butterfly windows", have semi-circular gray plastic patterns on the top of the windows, which are obviously influenced by the West.
There is a "butterfly window" with western characteristics at the upper part of the door.
Part of the hall:
A place where family members live and rest, and where children study and receive guests. Calligraphy and painting couplets are often hung or engraved on the wall, which reflects the master's cultural taste and accomplishment. Such as "full moon, clean hands." "Even if there are thousands of fertile fields, it is difficult to buy offspring with money" and so on.
Main hall:
It is the "heart" of the whole house and the main hall. This hall has the highest roof, the largest area, the most exquisite architectural decoration technology and the most solemn atmosphere. This is a place where extended families get together, worship their ancestors, decide family affairs and receive particularly important guests.
Xiguan big house, as the name implies, is of course in Xiguan! So where is Xiguan? In the west of the city, of course! How to divide the west of Guangzhou's old city wall! The west of Guangzhou Old Town Wall is at the junction of Renmin Road and Zhongshan Sixth Road (there is the site of Ximen here).
With Renmin Road as the boundary, the big house of the Republic of China in the west can be called xiguan big house! The existing xiguan big house Group is concentrated around Enning Road, Fengyuan Road and Huagui Road! You can visit litchi Wan Yong Scenic Area first, then Yanduobao Road, turn into Enning Road, and finally walk to Shamian. You like big houses all the way, as well as Bruce Lee's former residence, xiguan big house Museum, Cantonese Opera Museum and so on!
There is a place in Guangzhou called Xiguan, which should be the prototype of this film and reflect the living habits of old Guangzhou people.
It's at the Xiguan Arcade in Guangzhou, over at the Guangzhou Library.
Lai Chi Wan Scenic Area, Liwan District. Xiguan, Guangzhou, was once a rich area. At present, the relatively large and comprehensive xiguan big house has been set up as an exhibition hall. Litchi Lake is nearby. There is a Cantonese opera stage now, and there are performances every afternoon. You can feel it.
Mainly concentrated in the area of Jinlong Road in Liwan District.
Guangzhou used to have Xiguan District and Dongshan District. Now Xiguan belongs to Liwan District and Dongshan belongs to Yuexiu District. Xiguan big house is a distinctive building in Guangzhou, mainly located in Fengyuan Street near Lichee Bay Chung in Liwan District. It is also an old-fashioned (gourmet) street. Welcome to Guangzhou to learn about its profound history. Dongshan also has distinctive small buildings, and there are European-style buildings on the sand surface.
First of all, we should correct the misunderstanding that many foreign friends may want to imply: I thought xiguan big house was a house! Xiguan refers to Liwan District in the west of the old city of Guangzhou, and the big house is a characteristic residence in Liwan District of Guangzhou. Traditionally, windows are all state windows, and doors are cage doors. The most concentrated places of xiguan big house in Liwan District are Duobao Road, Jinlong Road, changshou road Road, Bao Hua Road, Enning Road and Shangxiajiu Road.
Guangzhou xiguan big house is located in Fengyuan Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou. In addition, there is a Lingnan mansion built in the Qing Dynasty in Fengyuan North, which tourists can visit.