Decanting: Separating denser and insoluble solids from a liquid Separating sand and water Filtration: Separating insoluble solids from a liquid Purifying drinking water Dissolving and filtration: Separating two solids, one soluble in a certain solvent and the other

Separation of insoluble salt and sand Centrifugal separation: Separation of insoluble solids from liquids Separation of mud and water Crystallization: Separation of dissolved solutes from solutions Extraction of salt from seawater Liquid separation: Separation of two immiscible liquids Separation of oil and water

Extraction: Adding an appropriate solvent to dissolve and separate a component in the mixture. Extracting iodine from an aqueous solution with heptane. Distillation: Separating the solvent and non-volatile solute from the solution. Obtaining pure water from seawater. Distillation: Separating two mutually soluble substances with large boiling point differences.

The liquid separates oxygen and nitrogen from liquid air; Refining and sublimation of petroleum: Separates two solids, only one of which can be sublimated to separate iodine and sand adsorption: Remove gaseous or solid impurities in the mixture Use activated carbon to remove colored impurities in brown sugar

Layer analysis: separation of solutes in solutions, separation of substances of different colors in black ink (2) Experimental skills such as separation, purification and solution preparation 1.

Basic operations of separation and purification Operation name Scope of application Example Operation points Filtration (solution washing) Separation of soluble and insoluble substances Purification of crude salt One stick, two low and three dependence; Add water to the washing solution to remove adsorbed ions Crystallization (recrystallization) Solid, liquid

Separation of solid solubles with different solubility. Separation of evaporation crystallization of salt solution. Separation of KNO3 and NaCl mixture. When heating, stir with glass rod to prevent splashing. When more solids precipitate, remove the lamp and use residual heat to evaporate the solution to dryness, distillation, and fractionation.

Separation of liquid mixtures with different boiling points. Separation of various fractions in petroleum. Separation of ethyl acetate from a mixture of ethanol, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate. The distillation flask should be lined with asbestos mesh, broken porcelain should be added inside, and the mercury ball of the thermometer should be placed slightly below the opening of the branch pipe.

Position, cooling water and steam reverse extraction, liquid separation, separation of two mutually miscible liquids, separation of two immiscible liquids, using CCl4 to separate iodine from iodine water. The liquid in the separatory funnel should not exceed 3/4 of the volume; hold the funnel with both hands,

Invert, shake vigorously, repeat, stand still and layer, separate liquid and wash gas and gas (reaction of impurity gas and reagent). Saturated salt water removes HCl from Cl2; bromine water removes C2H2 from CH4. The mixed gas passes through the gas washing bottle and grows into

Separate the short dialysis colloid from the solute in the solution. Remove the NaCl in the starch colloid. Put the mixture into a semi-permeable membrane bag and immerse it in distilled water for an appropriate time. Heat the impurities to react to remove NaHCO3 in Na2CO3; remove the C in MnO2. Stir the glass rod to evenly sublimate when heated.

Separate the purification salting out colloid of easily sublimable substances such as iodine and naphthalene from the mixture. Add salt fine particles to the sodium stearate solution; add saturated (NH4)2SO42 to the egg white.