There must be suitable sites, water sources, funds, and technology for breeding bullfrogs. At the same time, there should be relevant breeding licenses issued by government departments, and there must also be proof of the provenance of the bullfrogs to be cultured and relevant information. quarantine certificate, etc. Currently, there are three methods of forest frog breeding: greenhouse breeding, outdoor farm breeding and wild ditch-sealing and stocking. But the economic benefits of greenhouse farming are more obvious.

Wood frogs feed on insects as their main food. The live food for greenhouse culture frogs is mainly mealworms, fly larvae and earthworms. Except for mealworms that require bran for feeding, the other two kinds of bait can be fed with poultry and livestock manure or non-toxic organic waste, which greatly reduces the breeding cost. Therefore, it can be said that forest frog breeding is an emerging industry with small capital investment and quick results.

The investment in the solar greenhouse is 15,000 yuan (400 square meters). There are two rooms for raising mealworms. Adding the feed cost of 5,000 yuan, 80,000 to 100,000 young frogs can be raised. About 20,000 female frogs can be sold that year. Calculated based on the lowest price in the market, each frog costs 5.00 yuan, and the output value can reach For an investment of more than 100,000 yuan, not only can the investment be recovered that year, but there is also a high economic return.

Bullfrogs are native to North America and are the largest species of edible frogs. Bullfrogs grow quickly, and their meat is delicious, nutritious, and high in protein. Bullfrogs used for breeding abroad include American bullfrog, swamp green bullfrog, spring frog, African bullfrog, African giant bullfrog, etc. Bullfrogs can weigh more than 1 kilogram. Bullfrogs like high temperature, shade and humidity, and mostly live in the grass near the edge of the pond. They especially like to live in the semi-dry and semi-wet soil caves formed by the waves of the water at the edge of the pond. The lower body is often immersed in the water, and the head is immersed in the water. Come out of the water with your head facing outward. The croak of a bullfrog is very similar to that of an ox. When you hear the croak of a bullfrog, you can predict that the spawning period is coming, and it will stop croaking after the spawning period.

Bullfrog Reproduction and Young Frog Cultivation Technology (1) Bullfrog Reproduction Bullfrogs begin to lay eggs from May to July. The optimal water temperature for laying eggs is 24-28°C, and the egg-laying time is 10-30 minutes. , the amount of eggs laid varies with the size of the female frog's bag, and generally lays thousands to 50,000 eggs. The eggs should be harvested 30 minutes after laying. When harvesting the egg masses, a person should stand in the water, use scissors to cut off all the weeds around the egg masses and below the egg masses connected to them, and use an egg collector to transport the egg masses to the incubation tank for hatching. The incubation tank requires a water body of 50-60 cm deep and an area of ??1.2-2 square meters. It is appropriate to hatch 6,000 eggs per square meter. For the incubation of eggs, the water temperature is required to be 20-30°C and the pH value of the water is 7-7.5; the content of heavy metal ions must not exceed the drinking water standard. During the incubation process, do not disturb the water body. When filling water, the flow rate and height should not be too large. A shade shed should be built on the pond to prevent exposure to sunlight and heavy rain.

2) Cultivation of tadpoles Newly hatched bullfrog tadpoles have poor swimming ability and need to be raised in the hatching tank for about ten days before being transferred to the tadpole tank. The tadpole pool should be cleaned and disinfected 5-7 days before adding tadpoles. The pool should not be too large, 30-36 square meters is appropriate, the minimum can be 6-8 square meters, and the water depth is 0.6-1.2 meters. The suitable water temperature required by tadpoles is 26-30℃. If the temperature is high, a shed should be set up, the water level should be deepened appropriately, and new water should be changed frequently. For 10-day-old tadpoles, 1,000-2,000 tadpoles per square meter should be stocked. For tadpoles 10-20 days after hatching, 500-1,000 tadpoles per square meter should be stocked. After 30 days, 100-130 tadpoles should be stocked per square meter. Tadpoles start to eat single-cell algae 4-15 days after hatching. Later, various animal feeds can be appropriately added, such as snail meat, fish meat, animal offal, dead fish, etc., and then mixed with some rice bran, corn flour, bean cake, wheat bran, Porridge etc. Feeding amount: 40-70 grams of feed per day for 7-30 days, animal bait accounting for 60%; after 30 days to metamorphosis, feed 40-80 grams per 100 tadpoles, animal bait accounting for 47%. It is delivered once a day, at 4-5 o'clock in the afternoon.

The breeding and breeding site for commercial frogs should choose a place with sufficient water source, no drought, no flooding, and plenty of shade. Humid, warm and sunny places and weedy areas are better, and the area should be large. Depending on the number of animals raised, it can be cultured in ponds or ditches. The water depth should be maintained at 1-1.2 meters in winter. The frog pond should be surrounded by reed curtains, bamboo fences or wire mesh, nylon mesh, brick walls, etc. The fence should be 15-20 cm deep into the soil and 1.5 meters high to prevent bullfrogs from escaping.

Lotus roots and other emergent plants with large leaves and many leaves should be planted in the pond. Aquatic plants such as water peanuts and water lilies can also be planted. 1-2 meters of land with a gentle slope must be left between the water surface and the wall, and frog holes must be built for frogs. It is made of clay mud balls, or bricks can be used as the skeleton. The inside and outside are coated with a layer of mud to avoid scratching the frog's skin. The frog hole should be parallel to the ground of the pond, with a depth of 50-70 cm, a width of 15-20 cm, and a height of 10-15 cm. There should be 2-5 cm of water in the hole. Frogs only eat moving bait and need to artificially replenish the bait. The methods are: 1. Lighting to attract insects. It is better to use a 30-watt ultraviolet lamp or a 40-watt black light lamp. Turn on the lamp after dark, and you can see the lively scene of bullfrogs swarming under the lamp, jumping and devouring insects. 2. Add small fish and shrimp. The first method is to dig a shallow pit beside the frog pond and put in small fish and shrimp to supplement the lack of bait; the second method is to use a trough-shaped bait tray made of wood and bamboo, with nylon gauze nailed on the bottom, and the water in the tray and the pond water Connect them, fix them in a cool place in the frog pond, and put in live small fish and shrimps. This method has a significant effect when the weather gets cooler and insects are scarce. 3. Artificially capture locusts, mantises, mole crickets and other insects and put them into the weeds of the frog pond, allowing the frogs to feed naturally.

Prevention and treatment of frog diseases:

Red leg disease 1. Symptoms: Sick frogs move slowly and have reduced appetite. The sick frog has punctate subcutaneous bleeding on its abdomen and inner thighs. When the disease is severe, the leg muscles are obviously congested. It is often complicated by diseases such as "gastroenteritis". 2. Cause: Deterioration of water quality and excessive stocking density are important conditions for inducing the disease. The main pathogens are Aeromonas hydrophila and Acinetobacter. 3. Harm: The disease has a long duration and can occur throughout the year. The main onset season is from May to October. Ningbo and other coastal areas have a higher incidence of the disease. If wintering is carried out using dry methods, the disease will also occur during the wintering period. The incidence rate of red leg disease is generally 20-30%, and the case fatality rate is between 20-50%, and the highest rate can be more than 80%. 4. Prevention and control methods: (1) Change the water regularly to keep the pool water clean. (2) Appropriately control the stocking density. As the bullfrogs grow, they should be separated in time and the stocking density should be adjusted according to the size of the pool, the water temperature and the specifications of the bullfrogs. (3) Disinfection of water bodies with 3 ppm potassium permanganate or 4 ppm "Wasan" has a good preventive effect on this disease. (4) Mixing "Wa Bing Ning", "SMZ" and other drugs into frog feed will have a good effect on sick frogs.

(2) Rotten skin disease 1. Symptoms: When the disease first occurs, the skin on the bullfrog's back loses its luster and white spots appear. Later, the epidermis falls off and begins to fester, exposing the back muscles, and the spots around the rotten spots are gray-white. , when the disease is severe, it can extend to the limbs. Frog eye pupil disease initially appears as granular protrusions, which gradually turn white until a white lipid film forms covering the surface of the eyeball. The sick frogs are still able to move at first, but in severe cases they refuse to eat and remain immobile until they die. The time from illness to death of a bullfrog varies according to the size of the frog, generally 4-15 days, and in the elderly it can last more than a month. 2. Causes: There are many causes of this disease, mainly including the following aspects: (1) Nutritional imbalance. The feed fed is single, and the lack of trace elements in the feed, especially the lack of vitamin A and vitamin D, is an important reason for inducing the disease. (2) The appearance is damaged, leading to secondary infection by bacteria and fungi. (3) Primary bacterial infection. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is one of the main pathogens. 3. Harm: The disease is more likely to occur in frogs weighing less than 150 grams. The incidence rate is higher in young frogs that have just completed metamorphosis. The time is generally from April to September, and spring and autumn are the peak times of incidence. It has the characteristics of rapid onset and long disease duration. The incidence rate is between 20-50%, and the incidence rate is higher in areas where frogs are raised solely on silkworm chrysalises. The case fatality rate is usually 30-70%, and can reach more than 90% when it is high. 4. Prevention and control methods: (1) Intensive cultivation of tadpoles in the early stage of metamorphosis, and appropriate addition of vitamin A and vitamin D as well as other trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iodine, etc. to the feed can not only increase the metamorphosis survival rate of tadpoles, but also promote metamorphosis. The young frogs have strong disease resistance. (2) Change the water regularly, improve the breeding environment, and conduct regular drug disinfection of the breeding farm. Disinfection drugs are generally potassium permanganate, bazofen, quicklime, malachite green, etc. (3) Add vitamin A and vitamin D to the feed of young frogs, and strive to keep the feed fresh and diverse to maintain a balanced nutritional intake of frogs. (4) Drug treatment. If you use 4-5 ppm of "Waxiaan" to disinfect the pool of sick frogs, and use the medicine twice, the disease can be controlled after 4 days; use 3 ppm of potassium permanganate and glacial acetic acid mixture in the entire pool to stop the disease. Death, mild illness restored to health.

(3) Fulminant hemorrhagic sepsis 1. Symptoms: There are obvious red bleeding spots on the abdomen of the affected tadpoles, and the bleeding phenomenon is more obvious in the pharynx and around the anus. In severe cases, almost transparent spots appear on the body surface. Ulcer spots, protruding and congested eyeballs, sometimes tail rot, gills turned gray-white due to blood loss, bulging abdomen, severe ascites, obvious congestion of liver and intestines, and the phenomenon of spinning on the water surface before death. 2. Cause: Deterioration of water quality and excessive stocking density are one of the important causes of the disease. Its etiology is currently unknown. 3. Harm: The disease is fulminant and highly contagious. The onset time is from mid-May to late September, and the water temperature is generally above 20°C. It only takes 2-3 days for a tadpole to become ill and die. In severe cases, all tadpoles in the entire frog farm can die within a week. The main harm targets are tadpoles, especially those in the metamorphosis stage. The disease also occurs in young frogs from time to time. The disease broke out in 1995. A survey of nearly 1,000 acres of breeding ponds in Guantang, Haiyan County showed that about 80% of spring tadpoles were affected by the disease, with a mortality rate of 60-100%. The damage was extremely serious. 4. Prevention and treatment strategies: The cause of this disease is fulminant and has a short duration. Currently, there is no effective treatment drug. To reduce the losses caused by this disease, prevention should be the main focus: (1) The tadpole pond should be cleaned before stocking. The drugs for cleaning the pool can be quicklime (50-100ppm), bazofen (10ppm), strong chlorine (3-5ppm), etc. (2) Strengthen management and do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the site. The water supply and drainage of each breeding pond should be separated independently, and tools should be disinfected before and after use. Before tadpoles enter the pond, 20 ppm potassium permanganate is used for disinfection to prevent the infection of foreign pathogens. (3) Change the water regularly to keep the water quality good; stock and raise them reasonably to reduce the chance of disease. (4) Regularly add some drugs such as "frog iodine", "SMZ" and "cephalosporin" to the tadpole feed, and disinfect the pool water with a mixture of 2-3ppm potassium permanganate and acetic acid, which has certain prevention and control Effect.

(4) Hepatitis (O's disease) 1. Symptoms: There are no obvious symptoms on the outside, only the body color loses its luster and turns gray-black. Once sick, the bullfrog will quickly stop eating. The sick frog will lie down in a damp place such as grass, with its limbs weak and its body as limp as a ball of mud. There may be sticky mucus containing blood in the mouth, and it is often accompanied by the phenomenon of spitting out the tongue from the mouth. Anatomical observation shows that the liver is severely discolored during the disease, or becomes gray-white due to blood loss, or becomes purple-black due to severe congestion. The bile is thick and dark green. There is no food in the intestines and stomach, only a small amount of mucus, and the intestine segments are inserted into the stomach. 2. Cause: caused by bacterial infection. The long-term unclearness of the frog pond and the deterioration of water quality are important factors in causing the disease. 3. Prevalence and harm: The clinical manifestations of the disease are acute and highly contagious. The onset time is from May to September every year, and the incidence is more common in spring and autumn. The main harm targets adult frogs weighing more than 150 grams. The time from onset to death of bullfrogs is generally 2-3 days, and the mortality rate is extremely high. In 1992, among the nearly 300 acres of adult frog breeding ponds in the suburbs of Jiaojiang, Taizhou, about 60% of the frog ponds were infected with the disease; in 1995, more than 70% of the more than 600 acres of frog ponds in the Qiucun area of ??Guangde were infected with the disease. onset. The mortality rate of bullfrogs in both places is between 60-90%, which is extremely harmful. 4. Prevention and treatment methods: Prevention is the main means to reduce the losses of this disease. You can refer to the following measures: (1) Before releasing bullfrogs, frog ponds should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, especially in old ponds where bullfrogs have been raised for several years. This should be done more. (2) Management should be added during the breeding process, and the water should be changed regularly to ensure that bullfrogs have a good living environment. Frog farms and food grounds should be disinfected frequently with drugs. The drugs can be "Yu Xia Ning", "Frog Safety", "Quick Lime", etc. (3) Avoid feeding spoiled feed, and the feed should be fresh and diverse. All fish, shrimps, clams and other animals that have died due to disease cannot be used as feed for bullfrogs. (4) When purchasing frog seeds, you should try your best to avoid bringing diseased frogs into your own breeding farm. Bullfrogs should be disinfected externally before entering the pool. The disinfection method is generally soaking in 20ppm potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes. (5) The farm should be equipped with a disinfection pool or tank, and tools should be disinfected in time before and after use, and cross-use and borrowing of tools should be avoided. (6) If a bullfrog becomes ill, the sick and dead frogs should be removed in time for disinfection. The diseased tank should be disinfected by splashing "frog safety" or "frog safety powder" throughout the pond. (7) The disease can be effectively controlled by mixing and feeding "Froggan Ning" in sick frog ponds, combined with disinfectant water disinfection.

(5) Meningitis 1. Symptoms: The diseased frog has dark skin and anorexia. Its typical clinical symptoms are that the neck is tilted to one side and the body is out of balance. When flowing in the water, the abdomen is upward and spinning. Anatomical observation showed that the liver, kidneys, intestines, etc. of the sick frog were all congested. 2. Cause: caused by bacterial infection. The main pathogenic bacteria is Flavobacterium meningoseptica. 3. Harm: The disease was first discovered in Shanghai, and successively occurred in Jiaxing, Huzhou and other places in 1994 and 1995. The main targets of its harm are large frogs weighing more than 100 grams, which are highly contagious. The onset time is generally from July to October, and the water temperature is above 20°C. The time from onset to death of bullfrogs varies depending on the water temperature, generally 4-7 days, and can be extended to more than 15 days when the temperature is low. In 1994, more than 40% of the frogs in about 400 acres of frog ponds in Qianjin Township, Huzhou were infected with the disease, and the death rate ranged from 40-90%. 4. Prevention and control methods: (1) Regularly disinfect the frog pond with drugs and change the water regularly. Disinfection drugs can be used as reference, such as "powerful bactericidal disinfectant", "potassium permanganate and acetic acid mixture", etc. (2) Mixing the drug "Wa Bing Ning II" into the feed has a significant therapeutic effect on the disease. (3) Drugs such as SMZ and Wabingning also have certain effects on this disease.

(6) Ascites disease 1. Symptoms: tadpole abdominal distension, severe ascites is the main symptom of this disease. The dissection showed that the intestines were obviously inflated, there were nodular obstructions in the hindgut near the anus, and there were no obvious changes in the liver and gallbladder. After tadpole disease, the activity is significantly weakened and the food intake is reduced. 2. Cause: The pathogen causing the disease is unknown, and no bacteria can be isolated from the liver tissue of sick tadpoles. 3. Prevalence and harm: Ascites disease is harmful to tadpoles. After investigation and comparison, the incidence rate of tadpoles in the autumn of the previous year after overwintering was significantly higher than that of tadpoles in the spring of the same year. The disease mostly occurs in spring and summer (April-August) when the water temperature is above 20°C and is highly contagious. The time from onset to death of tadpoles is usually 3-5 days. In some ponds, all tadpoles died within a week. In the spring of 1996, tadpoles in Haiyan, Huzhou and other places developed the disease almost at the same time. A survey of about 160 acres of tadpole breeding ponds in Qianjin Town, Huzhou found that ascites disease occurred in 110 acres, with an incidence rate of 70%. The fatality rate of tadpoles is generally 30 -70%, the highest reaches 100%. 4. Prevention and treatment methods: Control of the disease should focus on prevention. (1) Reasonably control the stocking density of tadpoles and change the water in time to keep the water quality fresh. (2) Do not introduce tadpoles from diseased areas. The tadpoles should be disinfected with potassium permanganate before being put into the pool. (3) Feed should be soaked before feeding to ensure that the feed is diverse, palatable and fresh. (4) After the onset of the disease, disinfect the pool water with 1-2 ppm of PVP-iodine, and mix cephalosporin or PVP-iodine into the feed for feeding.

Nine tips to solve the problem of frog feed

Nowadays, frog breeding is more common, and the development of animal feed is an important link. Nine ways are now introduced for the reference of farmers.

1. Breeding earthworms.

Put in cow dung, rotten fruits, rice washing water, etc. on the land in the bullfrog pond, mix it with the soil, and put in earthworms to breed. After a period of breeding, the earthworms come out of the ground at night and can be eaten by bullfrogs. You can also use scattered wasteland and apply enough cow dung to cultivate earthworms. You can produce 5 to 7 kilograms of earthworms per square meter.

2. Light attracts insects.

A 30-watt black light or purple light is hung above the frog pond food table, 23 centimeters above the water surface, to attract insects, plant lice, etc. Bullfrogs will gather under the light to hunt for food at night. This method works best from May to September. The lights should be turned on after the sun sets until midnight. There is more dew and fewer insects in the second half of the night, so the lights should be turned off to save electricity.

3. Breeding snails.

Using scattered ditch ponds or small ponds, frogs can also be bred and cultured in frog pond water. During the high temperature season, a pink egg mass is produced every 5 to 10 days. Each egg mass contains about 1,000 eggs. The small snails hatched from the membrane are used as bullfrog feed.

4. Sericulture.

Use the front and back of the house to plant mulberry and raise silkworms. Silkworms grow quickly and only take about 20 days in their lifetime. The young silkworms can be used to feed young frogs. When they grow to 4.5 to 5 years old, they can be used to feed adult frogs.

5. Raise mealworms.

Mealworm is the best feed for bullfrogs and is easy to raise. It only requires wheat bran and green vegetable leaves. However, worms grow slowly, so the number of animals must be increased to ensure feed supply.

6. Attract flies and raise maggots.

Hang a large-mouth basin, tray, etc. 30 cm above the bullfrog breeding pond, and put bait such as waste livestock meat, fish offal, etc. to attract flies and maggots. When the fly maggots crawl away from the mouth of the basin and fall into the water, they will It became a delicacy for frogs. You can also build a small pond, put tofu residue in the pond, add rice washing water, etc., cover the pond surface, and after a few days the maggots will breed, and then you can feed the bullfrogs.

7. Culture water fleas.

Water fleas, commonly known as "red worms" and "fish worms", are ideal feed for tadpoles. First, drain the water in the culture tank. After cleaning and disinfecting the tank, sprinkle 1 kilogram of dried chicken manure, tofu residue, etc. (or other livestock and poultry fertilizers) per square meter in the tank. It is best to expose it to sunlight for a week and then fill it with 40 cm of water. And put in the source of water fleas, the pool water will turn green after a few days, and a large number of water fleas will breed in the pool water after two weeks.

8. Use scraps.

Disinfect the slaughtering scraps from meat processing plants and restaurants, pound them finely, and mix them into mixed feed for feeding. Where there is a silk reeling factory, silkworm pupae can be used as feed, and pig lungs and cow lungs can be purchased and chopped into pieces for feeding.

9. Catching small fish and shrimps.

In breeding sites located near rivers, lakes or fish ponds, wild fish and shrimps can often be caught for feed.