Wen Jiadi Chen Shuozhen, also known as Chen Shuozhen, was born in Zitong Garden Grange, luoshan county in Tang Dynasty (now Zitong Town, Chun 'an, Zhejiang Province) and was a heroine. In the fourth year of Yonghui in Tang Gaozong (AD 653), he led the uprising and called himself "Emperor Wenjia". She lost her husband in her early years and was the female leader of the rebel army in the fourth year of Yonghui in the Tang Dynasty (AD 653). Chen Shuozhen claimed to be Emperor Wenjia in the Gaozong period of the Tang Dynasty, but she fought for a month and was suppressed. Therefore, historians believe that the only orthodox female emperor should be Wu Zetian.
Name: Chen Shuozhen alias: Emperor Wenjia
Date of birth: the third year of Wude (the year of Chen Geng in 620 AD) x month x day.
Duration: November in the fourth year of Geng Xu Yonghui (AD 653).
Native place: Chun 'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Overview of contract
The female leader of the peasant uprising army in Tang and eastern Zhejiang. Zhou Mu (now Chun 'anxi, Zhejiang) was born. In the fourth year of Tang Yonghui (653), farmers in Zhejiang could not bear the greed of officials and the forced plunder of powerful people. Chen and his brother-in-law, Zhang Zai, organized a peasant uprising, claiming to be the Emperor of Literati and taking Uncle Yin as his servant. Then he sent his uncle Yin to attack Tonglu (now Tonglu West, Zhejiang Province) at night, and in 2000 he led his troops to conquer, (now Lin 'an West) and attack (now Shexian County, Anhui Province). He led Tong Wenbao and 4000 troops to attack Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang), and was blocked by the government. At that time, Yangzhou secretariat was ordered to send troops to attack in the south, and Wuzhou secretariat Cui led the troops to the north. The rebel army was stationed in Xiahuai (now northeast of Tonglu) and joined Cui Department. Thousands of people were killed and retreated to Zhou Mu, and another10,000 people surrendered to the government. In November, Fang and Cui met, and the insurgents were defeated because they were outnumbered. Chen Shuozhen and others were captured and killed.
Early life
Chen Shuozhen's parents died when he was a child, and he lived alone with his sister. The two sisters have experienced hardships in the world. They stayed up until their sister was adopted by her neighbors. Chen Shuozhen went to a township official's house to help and let them have a full meal. Qingxi Mountain is high and deep, with criss-crossing rivers and rich products. Because of this, the imperial court collected a lot of taxes here, and the burden of searching for local people was heavy.
In the year of Chen Shuo Jane, there was a once-in-a-century flood in Qingxi. The imperial court not only refused to open warehouses for food relief, but also levied various taxes, which led to the poverty and poverty of the people, selling children and girls, being displaced and starving. Seeing the villagers' misery, Chen Shuozhen thought that he had been helped by the villagers, so he secretly opened the owner's granary to help the victims regardless of his own safety. As a result, it was discovered by the owner, tied up and beaten black and blue, and the villagers were anxious. That night, many villagers spontaneously organized themselves and rushed into the woodshed where Chen Shuozhen was held to rescue him. In order to escape the search and arrest of officers and men, Chen Shuozhen fled into the mountains and disappeared.
During his convalescence, Chen Shuozhen felt that only by overthrowing the imperial court could everyone live a better life. Chen Shuozhen decided to use Taoism to develop his followers as a force for later uprisings. First, she spread some news that she met the old gentleman in the mountains, and was accepted as a disciple, and showed everyone all kinds of spells she had learned, because the villagers all hoped that she would be more beneficial to the people after she became an immortal, and she believed Chen Shuozhen's statement that "Fairy Mountain is immortal". After a while, she declared that she had received an Oracle from the old gentleman in the mountains and was about to become an immortal. But then someone told the government that Chen Shuozhen's ascension to immortality was false and the plot was true. So the government sent people out to search, Chen Shuozhen was arrested, and the case was reported to the boss on charges of rumors and conspiracy. Fortunately, many villagers actively raised funds and got through the joints before Chen Shuozhen was acquitted. After the storm, Chen Shuozhen felt that the government had noticed their behavior. If they didn't rebel as soon as possible, I'm afraid there would be no chance in the future.
When the tiger returns to the mountain and the dragon enters the sea, it will naturally set off waves. Chen Shuozhen has a relative named Zhang. He actively supported Chen Shuozhen's uprising plan and did a lot of publicity and organization work. Zhang propagandized that Chen Shuozhen had descended from the sky and returned to Qingxi. Now he is boundless and unpredictable, and he can call the gods and serve the ghosts. This sentence passed from one word to another, and the more it passed, the more mysterious it became. Everyone in Fiona Fang pays homage to Chen Shuozhen, and every word of Chen Shuozhen is a fairy tale, which is enough for believers to go through fire and water without hesitation.
Be crowned emperor
Seeing that the number of believers was almost the same, at the beginning of October in the fourth year of Yonghui (AD 653), Chen Shuozhen officially announced an uprising against the government. Imitating the official system of the Tang Dynasty, she appointed Zhang as a servant in charge of all affairs, and she herself was called "Emperor Wenjia". In the history of China, countless women participated in the peasant uprising, but few women were leaders, and Chen Shuozhen was the only woman who became a leader and was also called the emperor. From this point of view, as the leader of the peasant uprising, she is undoubtedly the most attractive and courageous one.
After Chen Shuozhen launched the uprising, he won wide support from the local people. Tong Wenbao, a native of Qingxi, took the lead in leading the public response. In a short time, the rebels grew to thousands. In order to strengthen their own strength, Chen Shuozhen and Zhang Bing divided into two ways, Zhang led the troops to capture Tonglu, and Chen Shuo Zhen led the troops to capture two thousand (now southeast of Changhua, Zhejiang). People from all over Zhou Mu responded in succession, and the insurgents quickly grew to tens of thousands. Chen Shuozhen captured the capital of Zhoumu and its counties with only two thousand troops, and the ruling and opposition parties suddenly shook. In order to destroy the insurgents, the imperial court imposed a blockade on the uprising areas and strictly controlled the influx of population into the insurgents. All the people who entered Zhou Mu were questioned, even the monks were spared.
Chen Shuozhen attacked Anhui and Zhou She (now Shexian County, Anhui Province) in order to open up the situation and develop his strength. However, due to the tight defense and tenacious resistance of Zhangzhou defenders, although there are tens of thousands of people under Chen Shuozhen's command, most of them are ordinary people without military training and no siege equipment, so she cannot attack for a long time.
As a last resort, Chen Shuozhen withdrew from Xuzhou, changed the original method of concentrating his forces to attack, and formulated the policy of attacking alone and combining mobile warfare with offensive warfare to attack the enemy and expand his sphere of influence. The Tang government sent Fang Fang, the chief historian of Yangzhou, to send troops on an expedition. Under this policy, Chen Shuozhen ordered Tong Wenbao to attack Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang) with 4,000 troops. After Tong Wenbao led his troops into Wuzhou, he was confronted by loyalists and turned into a storm.
At this time, it was Cui who became the secretariat of Wuzhou. This man has been through many battles and is resourceful. When Cui heard the alarm report in the city, he immediately called the civil and military officials to prepare to send troops to resist. However, the officials were awed by the power of the rebel army and said, "Chen Shuozhen has the protection of gods. Anyone who dares to oppose his soldiers will be beheaded and killed. It is better to avoid it. " Most people don't want to go. At this time, a man named Cui joined the army, but he said, "Sometimes, when you start to conform to the will of the people, you still can't succeed." Chen Shuozhen is just a woman with a little magic and won't last long. " Cui was overjoyed after hearing this, and immediately appointed Cui as a pioneer officer to lead the soldiers to follow up.
Chen Shuozhen's Wen Zhitong Wenbao was blocked in Wuzhou, and he led the main force to Wuzhou for support. Tens of thousands of rebels participated in the war. Although the rebels are superior in numbers, the uprising has only been a month. Soldiers are untrained and have limited combat effectiveness. In the past, they were able to join the Zhou Ke government because of their prestige and hard work. Now, although their prestige and efforts are there, they are somewhat overwhelmed by well-trained and properly commanded officers and men.
The two armies are deadlocked in Wuzhou. In order to break the deadlock, Chen Shuozhen constantly sent spies to spy on the enemy. At one time, only dozens of spies were captured by Tang Bing. And Cui's side is not idle, so he sends people to all directions for help.
The uprising failed.
As the two armies were at loggerheads, one night, a meteorite suddenly landed in Chen Shuozhen's camp. Cui immediately created a public opinion, saying that this is the fall of Chen Shuozhen's fuses iconic, and Chen Shuozhen will die. Commander Cui's army was immediately greatly encouraged, while Chen Shuozhen's morale was greatly depressed. In Xiahuai, the two armies fought. Tang Jun used a big shield to protect secretariat Cui. Cui Yue said, "If the secretariat avoids the arrow, who will fight to the death?" Take off your shield all your life Tang Jun's foot soldiers were encouraged, Chen Shuo's real army was defeated and hundreds of people were beheaded. When Tang Jun allowed Chen to surrender and pursue, the number of people who surrendered had reached 10,000.
At the end of 653 1 1, Yangzhou secretariat led reinforcements to Wuzhou to attack the insurgents with Cui. The battle was rather bitter. Tens of thousands of rebels who took part in the war were killed in the end, except for more than 10 thousand who were captured. "Emperor Wenjia" Chen Shuozhen and his servant Zhang were captured in the battle and finally died heroically. Cui was appointed as an ancient adviser by the Tang government.
Chen Shuozhen, who dispatched troops, was in October of the fourth year of Tang Yonghui (653), when Wu Zetian was 30 years old. Two years later, she was made queen and proclaimed emperor in 690 AD. Chen Shuozhen is the first woman in the history of China who claimed to be the emperor. Although her invasion was small in scale, it was finally suppressed. However, Jane Bozan, a modern historian, called her "the first female emperor of China" because of her epoch-making women. Of course, this rebellious son of heaven can't compare with the historical influence of Emperor Wu Zetian, but as the first China woman who claimed to be the emperor, her spirit is really indelible. In ancient times, men were superior to women, and Chen Shuozhen called women emperor, which was a breakthrough. Although it failed, it is also commendable. Chen Shuozhen left behind "Tianzi Collection" and "Wannian Building" in Qingxi, his hometown, which inspired Fang La at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Cui began to enter the central government of the imperial court because of Chen Shuozhen's meritorious service, and later participated in the historical event of Wu Zetian's establishment as queen. Later, he executed Wu Zetian's political enemy Sun Chang Wuji and others.
In the fourth year of Tang Yonghui (AD 653), villagers rioted in Zhou Mu, and the "enchantress" Chen Shuozhen was named "Emperor Wenjia".
Chen Shuozhen is from Xin 'an County, Zhou Mu. She looks gorgeous, slim and plump; Bold temperament, chivalrous and courageous, proficient in martial arts. In his early years, Chen Shuozhen's husband died in a conflict with a bad official. She traveled around the country, studied the law in many ways and founded an influential folk secret religion. At that time, Tang Gaozong ascended the throne. Due to the prevalence of extravagance in the later period of Emperor Taizong, people in some areas were severely exploited and oppressed. Zhou Mu is located in the northwest of today's Zhejiang Province, adjacent to Anhui Province, where mountains are high and valleys are deep, rivers and canals crisscross, and products are very rich. Because of this, the rulers also paid special attention to it and searched everywhere, which made the people in this area bear a heavy burden. Small-scale resistance happens from time to time, and the outcome of the rebels is always tragic. Chen Shuozhen, an upright and beautiful hero, as the female leader of a well-known folk secret religion at that time, could not bear to watch the villagers being persecuted by officials, knowing that they were outnumbered and the odds were unpredictable. She rang the bell to burn incense and resolutely led the uprising.
Due to the fierce momentum of the rebel army, there are tens of thousands of "thieves", and the official army of Zhoumu has been unable to parry. Luoshan, Ning Wu (now jiande city, Zhejiang Province) and Tonglu successively fell into the hands of "thieves", and Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang Province) and Huizhou were also in jeopardy. After Chen Shuozhen occupied Zhou Mu, he ordered General Tong Wenbao to lead four thousand troops to attack Wuzhou. Unexpectedly, Wuzhou is also a hard bone to chew. At that time, Cui was appointed as the secretariat of the five continents, and he was one of the powerful figures in the late Sui Dynasty. He went to find Shi Biao first, but was not reused, so he went to Tang Gaozu. According to historical records, Li Yuan is a wise general who has been through battle and has adopted his tactics many times. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Ji Guan went to Wuzhou as a secretariat. He received an alarm that Tong Wenbao was coming, and immediately assembled his headquarters to send troops to resist. Unexpectedly, his generals were awed by Chen Shuozhen's prestige and advised him to give up his resistance, saying, "Chen Shuozhen is blessed by God, and those who dare to confront it will be exterminated." Nobody dares to send troops. At this time, Cui (Sigong joined the army), Cui's attendance staff, said, "Chen Shuozhen is just a woman with a little magic, and she won't last long." Hearing this, Cui immediately appointed Cui as a pioneer and personally led an army to attack Tong Wenbao. Chen Shuozhen heard that the situation in Wuzhou was unfavorable, so he withdrew from Zhangzhou and led the main force to reinforce Tong Wenbao. The main forces of the two sides joined forces in Xiahuai Garrison (25 kilometers east of Tonglu County) and fell into a stalemate. In ancient battles, morale was the most important thing. Although most of Chen Shuozhen's troops are rabble and have no military training, their morale is high and they are not afraid of death. Moreover, most people in the government army also believe that Chen Shuozhen has "magic power", so although he is well equipped, his morale is low. After a few days of stalemate, suddenly a meteorite landed in Chen Shuozhen's camp. Cui is not the kui is a wise general, immediately created a public opinion, that this is the fall of Chen Shuozhen fuses iconic, and Chen Shuozhen is bound to perish. At the same time, Cui adopted the strategy of disintegrating the rebels and bought off the rebel generals with money and official titles. In the subsequent battles, the insurgents gradually disintegrated and suffered heavy losses. Chen Shuozhen evacuated to Zhou Mu. Cui's 56-point attack coincided with the arrival of Fang's army and surrounded the rebels. Due to the traitor's betrayal, Chen Shuozhen was unfortunately captured and the rebel army was wiped out.
Chen Shuozhen was only thirty-three when he died.
The uprising led by Chen Shuozhen was only tens of thousands of people, covering only a few States on the border of Zhejiang and Anhui. It was suppressed by the imperial court in less than two months, and the official historical records were quite brief. In a tense and daunting environment, Chen Shuozhen's Wu Zetian dared to call herself "Emperor Wenjia" and established political power, showing fearless revolutionary heroic courage. This is not only unique among the heroines who led the uprising in the history of China, but also decades earlier than the only female emperor Wu Zetian in the history of China.
She fell into government hands twice:
The first time was in the preparatory stage of the uprising. Chen Shuozhen preached everywhere, and local officials noticed and ordered Chen Shuozhen to be arrested. In order not to disturb her, she took the overall situation into consideration and did not resist. After local officials arrested Chen Shuozhen, they could not extract confessions by torture and could not produce other evidence. In addition, her followers tried their best to rescue her, and she was forced to release after more than ten days. After Chen Shuozhen was released from prison, she vigorously publicized the teachings she founded. More and more people believe in her, and her deeds are more and more fascinating; Even after the rise of Chen Shuozhen, it is said that she has divine power. Whoever dares to block her army will be killed by ghosts and gods for revenge.
The second time, under the siege of powerful loyalists, he was unfortunately captured because of betrayal by traitors.
Anecdotal allusions
Of course, the locals refused to believe Chen Shuozhen's death. They invented a legend that when the rebel army was finally trapped on a hill, Chen Shuozhen immediately climbed up the hill. Looking back, there are not many rebels left. She waved double swords and prepared to rush down the statue mountain of Chen Shuozhen again. Fang and Cui commanded the officers and men to shoot thousands of arrows, and the mountains suddenly rained with arrows. Chen Shuozhen danced his double swords and saw two white lights from a distance, protecting his whole body. But the arrows of the officers and men shot at the two white lights in turn. Finally, Chen Shuozhen hit several arrows in the chest and abdomen, and two white lights gradually converged. Just as the officers and men rushed to catch Chen Shuozhen, suddenly a colorful cloud floated from the horizon, and a huge phoenix landed on the top of the mountain, scaring off the officers and men, and then flew away with Chen Shuozhen. Therefore, this mountain is now called "Luofeng Mountain". Beautiful legends have placed people's sympathy and nostalgia for the insurgents. As an outstanding representative of ancient working women, Chen Shuozhen has been recorded in the history of the Chinese nation.
Of course, this legend has many fictional elements. Chen Shuozhen was shot by an arrow in the process of breaking through, but he was not killed, but was captured and executed.
affect
Chen Shuozhen's official career ended in Wuzhou. Although she fought for more than a month and died in defeat, the southeast vibration had a great influence. This is the first time in the history of China that she calls herself the emperor. Later, Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor and was more or less influenced by her. Today, it seems that the shadow of "Emperor Wenjia" can still be found in the remains of "Tianzi Collection" and "Wannian Building" in Qingxi.