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In a few months, it will be the annual college entrance examination day. This year, due to the COVID-19 epidemic, all middle schools in China have delayed the start of school, which may have a certain impact on senior three students. However, here, Li Shifu sincerely wishes all college entrance examination champions all their wishes come true! As soon as the college entrance examination is over, there will be a long holiday of nearly three months. For those college entrance examination students who have been studying hard for ten years, especially the devil training in senior three, this is a liberation from soul to body. However, this rare holiday can't just be fun, so we must pay more attention to our college entrance examination results. Once the first place is admitted to your favorite university, you must have a good banquet. After all, going to college is always a happy thing.
The origin of the banquet in ancient Xie Shi
However, there is great pressure to hold this kind of "school banquet". The teacher who invites the candidates is called "thank you teacher banquet". Friends and relatives invited candidates to attend the "Congratulations Banquet". The students celebrated each other. It's called a farewell party. China is a country with traditional culture, and our childhood education tells us to "respect teachers and attach importance to morality". For example, Confucius, a famous educator in ancient times, devoted his life to education, with thousands of disciples, 72 sages, Zigong, Yan Hui and so on.
Among them, Zi Gong pays special attention to teachers. There was a Lu man who often spoke ill of Confucius. He said that Confucius could not do it, and neither could he. However, he spoke highly of Confucius' student Zi Gong. Zi Gong was very angry and said to Teacher Lu, "You are wrong. A person's ability is like a house. My teacher's house alone is ten feet high and very luxurious. Ordinary people can't see the luxury inside through the wall, but the wall of my house. Lu felt embarrassed and left. Therefore, Zigong attached great importance to safeguarding Confucius' reputation, especially after Confucius' teacher died, Zigong stayed near the cemetery for six years. You can imagine how much he loves his teacher.
there were "four banquets" in ancient imperial examinations.
This story tells that Zi Gong respects teachers and values Taoism, which is our most important etiquette since ancient times. In fact, as early as the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a banquet with the theme of "celebrating the younger generation". With the development of the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system has been formed since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and all kinds of banquets have fixed forms. As for the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were similar banquets. For example, there are four banquets in the imperial examination, namely the famous Ming Road Banquet, Lin Qiong Banquet, Eagle Banquet and Wuhui Banquet! In fact, in ancient times, there were far more than four kinds of banquets held by students after passing the entrance examination, with different specifications, methods and names. Some banquets are paid by the imperial court, and some are made by AA, which is different.
For example, in the Tang Dynasty, according to the records in Selected Books of the New Tang Dynasty, students' banquets were not random, but concrete. There were different types of banquets for liberal arts candidates, such as opening banquet, roasting banquet, cultural wedding banquet, acquaintance banquet and closed banquet. The economy of the Tang Dynasty was developed and the people's living standard was very high. People like to have a meal when they are free, so public and private banquets are very popular. Sometimes the court talks about business at the dinner table, which is the "food system"! Therefore, candidates must be together after graduating from high school. In ancient times, most "teacher banquets" were organized by the government and were quite special. Everyone should recite poems correctly, which is different from the current diet.
The earliest stone-thanking banquet in ancient times, the "Ming Road Banquet"
According to the records in Selected Books of the New Tang Dynasty, the "opening banquet" was the day after the announcement of the Tang Dynasty list, and local officials held a banquet for local new imperial examiners who passed the local examinations. Why is it called minglu banquet? It is also called the "Ming Lu Banquet" because in The Book of Songs, Xiaoya and Luming Literature will perform at the banquet and entertain people. The ancients thought that "Lu" was synonymous with official career, and the word "Lu" usually represented official career. "Ming" stands for "God-given", so it is called "Luming Literature". It was not until the Ming Dynasty that venison really appeared in banquet dishes and became a veritable "opening banquet", which prevailed until the late Qing Dynasty. It was originally the court tune and tune of the Zhou Dynasty, but it was later lost. As the theme song of the banquet, "Luming Literature" has the meaning of farewell dinner, which is inspirational and polite.
There is another saying that "Ming Lu Banquet" is a banquet form evolved from "village drinking ceremony" in Zhou Dynasty. "Village drinking ceremony" is a popular feast custom in Zhou Dynasty. The purpose is to recommend some sages to the whole country, and the doctors in the village will hold a banquet. Later, they will become local officials to entertain these sages. This is called "country drinking". Su Dongpo has a poem called Luming Literature, in which he wrote, "Even if you ride a horse, think, paint and play drums, I hope you can get a new prize.". Actually, it wasn't called that in the Song Dynasty.
The first large banquet "Wen Yan" attended by ancient scholars
In the Tang Dynasty, a banquet higher than the banquet was called "Wen Yan". This is a banquet for new scholars. Ordinary people are not eligible to participate. You can't go if you want, because you don't have that status. Usually, after candidates are listed as Jinshi, they will hold a banquet in Qujiang Pavilion, so this is also called Qujiang Banquet, or Qujiang Club. The "Wenxi Banquet" in the Tang Dynasty was a large gathering attended by new scholars. At the earliest time, students gathered to raise money, and the court also expressed some support. In the late Tang Dynasty, the royal family rewarded Jinshi with some court delicacies and gave him a piece of "Hong Ling cake".
National banquet standard "Qionglin Banquet"
During the Five Dynasties and the late Tang Dynasty, most of the parties were paid by the court. According to the annual record of "Ming Lu Yan", "born in the late Tang Dynasty and the next two years, new Jinshi gave a wedding banquet, giving 411 yuan a year". That is to say, two years after Tang Ming was born, he gave a smell wedding banquet to the new Jinshi and a year to 411 yuan. The money was spent by the court. In the Song Dynasty, this kind of banquet was very popular, and the standard of banquet was getting higher and higher. On the basis of the "wedding banquet" in the Tang Dynasty, the "Qionglin Banquet" equivalent to the state banquet appeared in the Song Dynasty. Why is it called "Lin Qiong Banquet"? Because it is located in "Joan Lin Yuan" in the Royal Garden, it is also called "Lin Qiong Banquet". The banquet was held in Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu. After the emperor died, he personally announced the ranking of Jinshi, and then gave a banquet to entertain the guests.
For example, Wen Tianxiang, a national hero, won the championship in the Southern Song Dynasty for four years. He attended the banquet in Qionglin and wrote a poem called "Old Tang Book", describing the grand occasion of the banquet. In this poem, "Feng Xin jumped to the official position and looked up at the sky." . Clouds cover colorful flags, showing the aura of thousands of officials. Baqiao near Niunv Festival, Luan Ying Room. With Chen's mourning poem, I think the weather is still good. Li Fuzi once saw the classic play of Huangmei Opera "Jade Ci Lin Qiong Banquet and Poetry", in which the protagonist Feng Suzhen disguised as a man and won the first prize. Among them, he sang, "I have also been to Qionglin Banquet. Once I beat everyone in Cocoon Street and praised me as Pan Anmao. At first, the veil was worn. " , which also mentioned "Joan Lin Yan"!
Iterative version of Lin Ye Banquet
In terms of the source of expenses, the Song Dynasty also inherited the practice of the late Tang Dynasty. Students don't need to raise money for the new gathering, and the government basically gives them money. According to Wang Qu's Female Ma Xu in the Song Dynasty, "In the sixth year of Xining, Song Shenzong gave three thousand scribes and seven hundred subjects". Later, when I arrived in Liao Dynasty, I hosted a banquet in the Ritual Department or Orchard in Inner Mongolia to entertain the new Jinshi, which was the "Qionglin Banquet" after the Song Dynasty. However, the Yuan Dynasty changed its name, and later the Qing Dynasty followed the system of Ming Dynasty. On the second day after entering the palace to check the list, the Ministry of Rites held a "Rong En Banquet", attended by imperial envoys, ministers of Rites, assistant ministers, and reception officials, who sealed officials, closed doors, invigilated, joined the army, filled out forms, printed lists, supplied, sang and praised new Jinshi, and appointed the minister as the leader. During the banquet, the emperor will personally enjoy some money and clothes. No matter whether the name of this banquet changes or not, most people still call it "Lin Qiong Banquet".
Wu Jusheng's Banquet Eagle Banquet
Most of the banquets mentioned by Vice President Li were attended by liberal arts students. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there have also been martial arts examinations. What kind of banquets do martial arts students have?
Martial arts students also have a similar banquet called "Yang Ying Banquet". This "Yang Ying Banquet" is a banquet held after the announcement of the martial arts provincial examination, attended by martial arts examiners, examiners and field examiners. Teacher Wu Rongguang in the Qing Dynasty wrote in Moulu, Yan Yi: "On the second day after the announcement of the township entrance examination for five moves, Jane was shot, and the examiner, deacon and five moves were held in Shuntianfu, which was called Eagle Banquet. The musical instruments are the same as those of the Ming road banquet. " Why is it called "Angelababy"? It means "flying like an eagle". In A.D., there was a saying, "Be Wei Fu Shang and Wei Yangying", to the effect that Wade, who praised his great-grandfather Wang, flew like an eagle. Therefore, the name "Angelababy" is not only an encouragement to the new juren, but also a boast to the examiner.
An upgraded version of Angelababy Banquet "Wu Hui Banquet"
In ancient times, the banquet more advanced than eagle banquet was Wu Hui Banquet, which was held after the imperial examination was released. Since the Sui Dynasty, after the trial opening of the martial arts school, a banquet was held in the Ministry of War to celebrate the new Jinshi. The court exam is higher than the after-school entrance exam, so its scale is much larger than the eagle banquet. In addition, during parties, drinking, eating and chatting, martial arts students must exchange martial arts or perform martial arts live. Because all the people attending the party are practicing martial arts, it is said that poems describing "Eagle Banquet" and "Martial Arts Banquet" are rarely circulated. I guess I'm too busy to take part in the competition, I can't see the competition at all, and I don't have time to write poems and lyrics.
farewell party at one's own expense-Yan Guan
In the Tang Dynasty, it was said that there was another banquet, which echoed the "Wenxi Banquet" and was called "Guan Banquet". "Wen" is the first large-scale gathering attended by new scholars, while "Yan Guan" is the last large-scale gathering of new scholars in Beijing. Because it is also held in Qujiang, it is also called "Qujiang Yan Guan" or "Qujiang Club". The cost of "Yan Guan" is paid by the students themselves, and the court does not give money, which is equivalent to a farewell party between students. After eating "Yan Guan", we parted ways, so "Yan Guan" is also called "farewell party".
The most embarrassing "promotion banquet" is the roast tail banquet
In the Tang Dynasty, there was not only a "thank you banquet" for further study, but also a "thank you banquet" for promotion. The "thank you banquet" is the famous "roast tail banquet". The "Roast Tail Banquet" began in the Tang Zhongzong period and finally existed for 21 years in the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Why did it only exist for such a short time? Vice President Li estimated that this routine was too abstruse and extravagant. The origin of "Roast Tail Banquet" is related to Yang Zai, the prime minister of Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty. Yang Zaisi is smart and has a way, so he will kiss your ass. Wu Zetian had a Toy Boy named Zhang Changzong, also known as Zhang Liulang, who was very handsome. At that time, people all said that "Liu Lang is like a lotus", but when Yang praised him, he said that "Lian Lang is like Liu Lang". It can be seen that Yang Zaisi is talkative and has a high emotional intelligence!
So he promoted Wu Zetian step by step by virtue of his flattery and bribery ability, and finally became prime minister. But his time as prime minister was not long, and Wu Zetian fell ill because of his age. Later, some changes took place in North Korea. Wu Zetian abdicated and Li Xian, the emperor of China, succeeded to the throne. This is a big change for Yang Zaisi. Because he was attached to several Toy Boy, such as Zhang Changzong, he got his present position. Now that Wu Zetian has abdicated, all these Toy Boy have been killed, and his position is also in jeopardy. After thinking
finally, the two men discussed a way. Let's set up another bureau, arrange a good table, get some good wine, and invite the emperor and queen to dinner. What's the name of this table? This table of rice is called "Roast Tail Banquet", which was invented by Yang Zaisi. After dinner, we made a reservation. Everyone doesn't know his name, and Yang Zaisi is thinking about it. Suddenly someone came to report that "Longmen Lock Yang is here"! Yang Zaisi was inspired by the word "Longmen". Carp will be struck by lightning when jumping on the dragon gate, and its tail will be burned into a "real dragon". So, Yang Zaisi was inspired and named this banquet "Roast Tail Banquet".
This table was so rich that Wei Juyuan later wrote down the menu and left Wei Juyuan's recipes. In this incomplete menu, there are as many as 58 kinds of dishes, including all kinds of food, livestock and birds, and the types and materials are very unique. All kinds of rice, porridge, snacks, preserved fruits, vegetables, sauces, soups, etc. It is made of rice, flour, milk, ghee, vegetables, honey, fish, shrimp, crab, chicken, duck, goose, cow, sheep, rabbit, even deer, bear, crane and other raw materials. It has diverse tastes and gorgeous names. Finally, there is an "ornamental dish" at the banquet, also called "craft dish", which is used for decoration and appreciation, but it can only be seen but not eaten. It's called "Steaming Workshop", and it's made of 71 Penglai fairy steamed buns, served with vegetarian dishes and steamed noodles. Without stuffing, it tastes similar. Just to let everyone know how deep the party is!
The allusion to "Roast Tail Banquet"
Later, this kind of banquet was only popular for more than 21 years, and the custom of "Roast Tail Banquet" basically disappeared during the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Why? Because there was a famous minister named "Su Gui" in the Tang Zhongzong period, Su Gui was promoted to the right minister of The Book of Gong Ju, and there was no "barbecue". Some people say why don't you take it? Aren't you happy? He said: "The prime minister should reconcile Yin and Yang and straighten everything out on behalf of the emperor. Now that prices are soaring, people are living in poverty, and there are still three days before dinner in the Forbidden City. This is all caused by the incompetence of the minister, so I dare not hold a barbecue. " His actions won the respect of the parties concerned, and the atmosphere of the "roast dinner" gradually faded.
Of course, there is another thing related to the "barbecue". In the Tang Dynasty, there was a scholar named Yuwen Temple, who was born in a famous family and was obsessed with the imperial examination. But what if he doesn't have enough ability? He thought of a way. He knows a man named Dou Qian. His brother is an official of the imperial court and has real power. He can help to take the Jinshi exam. Dou Qian just wants a second wife. Having a daughter makes her feel in love. In order to be admitted to Jinshi, she married her daughter as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade to 71-year-old Dou. After becoming the first, Yu gave a banquet to thank his teacher, but during the banquet, a mouse caught fire and ran to the warehouse of Dushan Art in Chang 'an, causing a fire. Jing sarcastically said by the fire, "Fish will become dragons, thunder will burn its tail, and mice have recently burned its tail." . There is an idiom called "A mouse burns its tail", which comes from this story. Later generations used it to satirize those who were obsessed with the imperial examination without talent.
speaking of which, we can easily find that there are many kinds of banquets in ancient times, and they are very grand. From ancient times to the present, although the style and specifications have undergone earth-shaking changes, the core concept behind the banquet "respecting teachers and emphasizing Taoism" has never changed. This essence of China traditional culture deserves our inheritance and development! Of course, the specifications and style of the banquet should be moderately frugal, and the arrival of the mind should be given priority, so as not to be as luxurious as the "roast dinner", but to lose its original meaning! Finally, I sincerely wish all the students in the world can carp in yue longmen!