How did the "soup cake" develop? I bring you relevant content, and interested friends come and have a look.

China is a big country with traditional cuisine, especially in the peaceful and prosperous times when the country is unified and the economy is prosperous, and the people's lives are relatively stable, the food culture is more colorful. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, soup cake was one of the most popular foods in China, and it was widely popular in northern China. It is made in various ways and has rich cultural significance.

The "soup" in "soup cake" refers to hot water; "The cakes and noodles are also merged." Soup cake is a kind of pasta made by boiling flour. In the Han dynasty, anyone who baked in the furnace and ate it was called Hu cake, boiled in water and ate it as soup cake. Hu Sansheng said in the note of As a Mirror: "Those who make soup cakes, grind wheat into flour, make bread out of flour, and throw it into boiling. "Huang Tingjian's so-called" boiling cakes and pouring soup "is also true. Therefore, soup cake is a general term for pasta cooked in soup, such as noodle soup, noodle soup slices and pimples.

since the appearance of Tang bing in Han dynasty, Tang bing has always enjoyed a very high status, and it is a kind of food that only the upper class aristocrats can often enjoy. The Biography of Li Gu in the Later Han Dynasty said, "The Emperor is still able to speak, saying,' I eat boiled cakes, but my stomach is stuffy now, and I can live with water'. "It can be seen that the emperor often eats soup cakes. According to "Han Shu-Baiguan Gongqing Table", there was a special "Tang Guan" in the court of the Han Dynasty, whose duty was to make soup cakes for the emperor, which showed the status and popularity of soup cakes at that time.

There is a story in Shi Shuo Xin Yu that He Yan, a famous writer in the Three Kingdoms, was a famous handsome man. He was born with extremely white skin. Wei Mingdi always suspected that He Yan's face was smeared with white powder, so he thought of a way to invite He Yan to eat soup cakes in the dog days of June to test whether He Yan had any makeup. He Yan ate soup cakes and sweated profusely, and kept wiping his sweat with a towel, but his face was still white. Wei Mingdi laughed, just believe that He Yan didn't wipe powder, but naturally white skin.

Bo Ren

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the types of soup cakes were more detailed, and there were different types such as water drinking and Bo Ren. The Qi Min Yao Shu-Cake Method has a detailed record of these two methods: "It is made of fine silk, mixed with gravy, and left to cool. When the water is drawn, it is as big as a bamboo stick, and one foot is broken, and the plate is filled with water. Bo cooking rubs like a big finger, two inches are broken, rubbing makes it extremely thin, and it is urgent to cook it on fire. They are all straight, light, white and lovely, and slippery and beautiful. " As can be seen from the above records, "water drinking" is similar to today's noodles, while "Bo cooking" is similar to today's noodles or pimples. Different from today's practice, "drinking with water" and "cooking with food" need to be mixed with gravy. Modern people rarely use this method to cook pasta.

in the Tang dynasty, soup cakes were often active in people's daily lives, and a new practice, "cold scouring", appeared. The main difference between it and the traditional soup cake lies in the temperature. The specific method is to put ice cubes or ice water into vessels like jade pots and pots, and then put the cooked noodles into them for cooling. It tastes like "teeth on ice", especially in summer, which makes people feel refreshed. At that time, the most popular cold-washed noodles were made of locust leaf juice. Du Fu described this kind of soup cake in detail in the poem "Cold-washed locust leaves": "Green and high locust leaves, pick them up and give them to the Chinese kitchen. New faces come to the market, and the juice is all in harmony ... Wan Li dew cold hall, open ice and clear jade pot. It's time for the king to enjoy the cool night. "

cold scouring

Tang Dynasty soup cakes have also become richer in condiments. You can add vinegar, sesame, sauce, ginger, onion, cinnamon, cinnamon, pepper, salt, etc., and the production method is more complicated, including kneading, cutting, pulling, boiling and other links. You can imagine the popularity of such delicious noodles.

In addition, Tang people also used soup cakes for dietotherapy. The method of making this kind of soup cake is recorded in Jin Yin's "Medical Doctor's Heart Guide": "Four pieces of noodles, four pieces of clear chicken eggs, making cakes with clear chicken eggs, cooked in the middle of soy sauce, can cure spleen and stomach weakness, vomiting at the sight of food, thinness and weakness".

There are also many poems about soup cakes in Tang poetry, such as Xin Li's "Chrysanthemum repels evil wine, soup cakes are fragrant in cornus", and Meng Jiao's "Chicken saves dew and thick soup cakes are hot, and the wind pool warms the smoke", all of which reflect that people in the Tang Dynasty love soup cakes. At that time, from the emperors and princes down to the common people, everyone loved and often ate soup cakes. Even the breakfast of princesses in the Tang Dynasty was often composed of porridge and soup cakes, but these soup cakes were carefully processed.

Soup cake for dietotherapy

There were many locust trees in Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty, and even on both sides of Chengtianmen Street in the Imperial City, there were neat street locust trees. Therefore, the princesses in the Tang Dynasty like to make soup cakes from Sophora japonica leaves and flour, and then put them into cold water to cool them, which makes them cool and delicious and has a unique flavor. Sophora japonica leaves are cool and rich in plant protein, which can clear the heart and release heat. Although the taste is bitter, it will be greatly reduced after being boiled in boiling water and then stirred in cold water, but it will have a delicious taste. The soup cake made by this method is green, fragrant and refreshing, which is very suitable for girls' tastes. It is not surprising that it appears on the breakfast table of princesses.

Soup cakes can be eaten in all seasons, especially in winter, and hot soup cakes have become the first choice for people at the bottom to drive away the cold. Therefore, there is a folk saying, "It's cold in winter, and the nose is frozen with tears;" It is said that soup and cake are the most important way to solve the war. Winter in northern China is long and cold, and there is no heating and air conditioning in ancient times. Soup cakes can be eaten together with soup and cakes, and boiling noodle soup can help people drive away the cold. Therefore, the custom of eating soup cakes on the first day of the first month is popular in northern China in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, in Hebei and Shaanxi, after the Chinese New Year's sacrifice to ancestors, the whole family ate New Year's Eve dinner together, and there must be soup cakes on the table, which was called "Winter Wonton Year's Harvest", and "Mid-Autumn Festival was divided into two parts, and Zhong Kui was changed at dawn", which was a common folk custom in the northern region at that time.

Longevity noodles

There is another custom in the Tang Dynasty. On the third day after giving birth, ordinary people will have a "soup cake party" and invite friends and relatives to attend. At this kind of banquet, the "water drink" in the soup cake is indispensable. Because "water drink" is similar to modern noodles, its shape is long and thin, and it is homophonic "longevity", which is a blessing to newborn children. Similarly, the birthday banquet for the elderly is also indispensable, and its moral is to wish the elderly a longer life than Nanshan. This custom has been preserved to this day. Most modern people eat a bowl of "longevity noodles" on their birthdays. This custom has become an important part of Chinese food culture.

There are also many areas that have the custom of eating soup cakes on June 6th. The soup cake eaten this day is called "evil cake". Because the sixth day of June is a hot summer day, many people are greedy for cold and easy to catch a cold, and soup cakes are hot food. Eating them in midsummer is easy to make people sweat, and colds are often cured without treatment, thus achieving the effect of eliminating pestilence, evil spirits and avoiding disasters.

There is also the custom of eating soup cakes on the summer solstice in the Tang Dynasty. There is a folk saying that "Winter Solstice Wonton and Summer Solstice Noodles". On this day of summer solstice, home furniture eats cold noodles. This is because the shape of soup cakes is slender, which means the length of the summer solstice. Eating soup cakes on this day also entrusts the people with the desire to eliminate disasters and live a long and safe life.

Winter Solstice Wonton

There were many original pattern cakes in the Tang Dynasty, which reflected the creativity of the ancient working people. There was a master nicknamed "Zhao Pancake" in Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, who was good at drinking and making pancakes. One of the three buckets in the sea is out of the way, which is bigger than several houses. It is more than enough to have a banquet in the imperial palace or a grand banquet in the noble family, which is more than one for the guests. Although I am intimate, I don't know how to make it out of the ordinary, so I can get the name of pie. " Master Zhao is regarded as a strange person in the bakery. He can make a big cake bigger than several houses with three buckets of flour. One cake is enough to count the people at the table. Today, it is estimated that he can break the Guinness World Record. It can be seen that the masters are often among the people.

Tang people also like to bring forth the old and bring forth the new in cooking, transform foreign cakes and introduce new varieties. " Oil cake is a kind of cake food improved from Hu cake. Its practice is to cut a catty of mutton thin, put it in layers in Hu cake, sprinkle pepper and fermented soybean at intervals, then spread ghee and bake it in the furnace until the mutton is half-cooked. This kind of oil cake with mutton stuffing is fragrant, crisp and delicious. It is deeply favored by wealthy businessmen dajia and dignitaries, and has become an important food on the dining table of rich families.

Baked bread

Some restaurants are good at making a kind of baked bread. Its preparation method is to cook the meat in oil, mix it with salt, wine and seasoning, and preserve it in an urn. This kind of rice soup cake is not cooked with water, but steamed in a steamer, and then mixed with pickled pork, which is a unique practice of Sichuan School.

in the late Tang dynasty, with the development of agricultural production, wheat was also widely popularized in the south. The popularity of raw materials has made the soup cakes that were originally only eaten by aristocrats in the south become civilian. On the seventh day of the seventh month in the south, girls in the south will clean up their yard, put fresh melons and fruits and soup cakes cooked with two red-skinned eggs in the yard, and sprinkle them with fragrant powder for the cowherd and weaver girl to enjoy. In the southern customs at that time, Altair was a symbol of men's farming harvest, and Vega represented women's ingenuity. This practice of offering soup cakes and fresh fruits to the cowherd and weaver girl expressed the ancient people's affirmation of men's farming and women's weaving lifestyle, as well as boys and girls' longing for love.

Plum blossom soup cake

In the development process, the shapes and styles of soup cakes are becoming more and more colorful, and various forms such as plum blossom soup cake, duck flower soup cake and soup-free cake have appeared, and the production methods are becoming more and more complicated. For example, "Plum Blossom Soup Cake" needs to collect the snow on plum blossoms in advance on snowy days, turn it into snow water and bury it underground. Need to make, take this kind of snow water and flour to make cake crust, "each stack, with five points iron chisel like Bai Mei pattern, chisel it. When cooked, it is too clear in the chicken juice, and each guest only spends more than 211 flowers. "This kind of soup cake is made of plum blossom-shaped mold, and the soup cake made of plum blossom snow water and flour is made into plum blossom shape, and then it is cooked with clear chicken soup. It is delicious and delicious. Therefore, it is very popular among the nobles who pay attention to "food is not tired of essence".

Soup cakes are also important rations in the army. When Tang Jun went to war, every soldier would bring a kind of soup cake called "Gu Lou Zi", which is a kind of cake-like pasta evolved from Hu Bing. The specific method is to cut a catty of mutton into thin slices, put them in layers in the Hu cake, sprinkle pepper and lobster sauce at intervals, then coat them with ghee and bake them in the furnace. This kind of Hu cake is fragrant, crisp and easy to carry, which is very popular among officers. Soldiers' "Gu Lou Zi" mutton is less in weight, but the production method is basically the same. It is an important supplement for soldiers to supplement their physical strength when they fight for sand soup.

Gu Lou Zi

After the Song Dynasty, "soup cake" began to become the general name of all boiled pasta without stuffing. Zhang Shiyou of the Song Dynasty said in his "Miscellanies of Tired Travel": "Today's noodles are soup cakes, but today's butterfly noodles, hand-held noodles, water-slippery noodles, sliced noodles, dried noodles, wonton and cold scouring are also the same. "Soup cakes have gradually become a common practice of the people and are widely loved by the public.

After the Jingkang Rebellion, a large number of northerners went south, and the eating habits of the north and the south gradually merged. According to "Dream Liang Lu", it is recorded that: "Xiang Bianjing opened a noodle shop in the south, and Sichuan rice was divided into tea, so as to prepare for doctors in the south of the Yangtze River, saying that it was inconvenient for him to eat in the north. For more than 211 years since crossing the south, the soil and water are used to it, and the diet is confused, so there is no difference between the north and the south. "It can be seen that noodle shops in the Southern Song Dynasty have become very common in Lin 'an, and the people who eat them are not limited to northerners. Soup cakes have been widely welcomed. And a large number of people from the north moved to the south, which also made wheat widely promoted and planted in the south. Since then, soup cakes and various pasta developed from soup cakes have become indispensable foods in China people's daily life, and have nurtured generations of Chinese children.