It means: (we) are in a world as vast as a ephemera and as small as a millet in the sea. Sigh that our life is only a short moment, and envy the endless Yangtze River.
The whole poem is as follows:
Pre-Ode to Red Cliff
Su Shi in Song Dynasty
In the autumn of July 16th, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows gently, and the water can't reach the water. Raise a glass to propose a toast to your partner, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to the chapter. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan, hovering between the big dipper and the cow. Milky fog runs on the river, and clear water is connected with the sky. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vastness is like the wind in Feng Xu, I don't know where it ends; Floating, feathering and immortal like an independent world. (Feng Tong
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapped the ship's rail with his hand and sang a song. The song says: "Return to the blue paddle, strike the sky and trace the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is one side. " The guest had oral sex, and he relied on this song to make peace. Its voice is whiny, like resentment, like crying; The sound is endless. Can make the dragon dance in the deep valley, can make the widow listen to tears in the boat.
Su Shi's face is sad and sad, and he sits upright in a corner and asks the guest, "Why?" ? The guest said, "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." "Isn't this Cao Mengde's poem? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are vast and gloomy. Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and went downstream to the east. He crossed the river all the way, wearing flags, drinking wine and singing poems, and became a hero in the world. Where is he now? My son and I are fishing on the river. We are friends of fish, shrimp and elk. We sail a boat with a leaf and hold up the bottle, which belongs to each other. It's a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Mourn my life for a moment and praise the infinity of the Yangtze River. Flying with the flying fairy, holding the bright moon and dying. I suddenly can't understand that my legacy was heard in Hengtai. "
Perilla said, "Do you know her husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; This is true of those who are full of emptiness, and the dead are not ebbing and flowing. Beggars will see it from its changers, so heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If you look at it from its unchanging angle, then things and I will be endless, but why envy it! Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, not mine, so I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are heard by the ears. They are beautiful when they meet, and they are endless. This is the endless hiding of the creator, and I am very comfortable with my son. " (A total of one work: sharing food)
So the companion smiled happily, cleaned the cup and poured another one. All the plates and fruits have been eaten up, leaving only the cups on the table in a mess. Sleeping on the boat with each other, I know the horizon has turned white.
The interpretation of the whole poem is as follows:
In autumn in Ren Xu, on July 16, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows, and the water is calm. Raise a glass to propose a toast to your partner, recite articles related to the bright moon and praise this chapter. Soon, the bright moon rose from the back of Dongshan Mountain, hovering between Dousu and Niusu. White fog crosses the river, and clear water connects the sky. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross it. (My feeling) is vast, just like riding the wind out of thin air, but I don't know where it ends. Being on the cloud nine is like abandoning the world, becoming detached and independent, becoming a fairy and entering a fairyland.
At this time, I drank happily, knocked on the ship's rail with my hand and sang loudly. The song sings: "Sweet-scented osmanthus wooden boat paddles vanilla oars, facing the empty waves and the floodlight of running water. My heart is far away, and I hope Iraqis are on the other side of the world. " There are guests who play the flute. They sing with the rhythm, and the flute wails: like resentment, like longing, like crying, like talking, with a sad ending, tactfully and long, like a continuous filament. Can make the dragon in the deep valley dance for it, can make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
Su Shi's face was sad and sad. He adjusted his clothes, sat up straight and asked the guest, "Why is the song so sad?" The companion replied: "The moon stars are rare, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Gong and Meng De? You can see Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east. Mountains and rivers are contiguous, full of green. Isn't that where Cao Mengde was besieged by Zhou Yu? The first attack on Jingzhou, Jiangling, down the Yangtze River. His warships stretched for thousands of miles, covered the sky with flags, drank by the river and recited poems with spears. He is indeed a lean man in the contemporary era, but where is he today? What's more, you and I are fishing and chopping wood on the water island by the river, keeping company with fish and shrimp and being friends with elk. We drove the boat and drank to each other. (We) are in a world as vast as a mayfly and as small as a millet in the sea. Sigh that our life is only a short moment, and envy the endless Yangtze River. (I want to) travel around the world hand in hand with the gods, embrace the bright moon and live forever. Knowing that I can't get these things again and again, I have to turn my regrets into flutes and entrust them to the sad autumn wind. "
Su Shi said, "Do you know this water and the moon? Like this river, it has not really passed away; Round time is like this month, but it will not increase or decrease in the end. It can be seen that from the changeable side of things, there is no moment between heaven and earth that is constant; From the constant side of things, everything is as endless as one's own life. What is there to envy? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything belongs to it, and if it is not what it belongs to, it won't even get a penny. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can hear the sound when it reaches your ears and draw all kinds of colors when you enter your eyes. No one will forbid you to get these things, and you never have to do your best to enjoy them. This is an inexhaustible treasure (gift) of the creator, and you and I can share it together. "
So the companion smiled happily, washed the cup and filled it with wine. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, leaving only the cups and plates on the table in a mess. (Perilla and her companions) slept on each other's pillows on the boat, and before you know it, the sky turned white.
Sentence annotation
This article is selected from Volume 1 of Four Series of Song Shenzong Yuanfeng Five Years (1082). Prior to this, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) because of Wutai Poetry Case (Yuanfeng two years). Later, I wrote an essay on the same topic, so it was called Qianchibi Fu. 10 15 wrote Houchibi Fu. Chibi: It is actually Chibi Rock in Huangzhou, not the former site of Battle of Red Cliffs during the Three Kingdoms period. Locals also call it Red Cliff because its sound is close. Su Shi knew this and made a mistake, so he used scenery to express his arm.
Ren Xu: Song Shenzong Yuanfeng is five years old (1082) and was born in Renxu.
Both hope: both hope; Look, the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar. "Wang" refers to the sixteenth day of the first lunar month.
X: Slowly.
Xing: Get up and do it.
Genus: "zhǔ" is a kind of greeting, which is extended to the meaning of "persuading wine" here.
Shao Yan: It's been a while.
White dew: white water vapor. Hengjiang: covering the river. Transverse transverse.
As long as a reed is like it, it will be at a loss: let the boat float on the wide river. Longitudinal: Whatever. Reed: A boat as small as a reed leaf compared with a very small boat. The Book of Songs Feng Wei He Guang: "Who is He Guang, a Hang Wei (navigation)." Go, go. Ling: Over. Wan Qing: It describes that the river is very wide. At a loss, broad-minded.
Feng Xu defends the wind: it flies in the air. Feng: Pass the word "multiply". Virtual: space. Y: Driving (control).
Independence in the world: abandoning the world and living alone.
Buckling: to beat the ship's side, referring to the beat, the ship's side and the ship's side.
Blowing the sky and tracing the streamer: paddle the moon and float the clear water, and go upstream. Back: Upstream. Empty and bright: refers to the moonlight floating on the clear river.
Vaguely, I am pregnant. My thoughts drift away. An ethereal and distant appearance. Use your eyes to care about _ _ "Mrs. Xiang", the feelings in your heart.
Beauty: This is the style of Qu Yuan borrowed by Su Shi. Use beauty to refer to the monarch. Most ancient poems mention people they miss and yearn for.
Song harmony (hè): Rhythm harmony. Lean: follow, follow and respond.
Resentment is like longing, and crying is like complaining: it is like mourning, longing, sobbing and talking. Complain: sadness. Mu: attachment.
Aftersound: over. Curl: describes a long and soft sound.
Thin thread: A thin thread.
Dive into the deep valley: deep valley: here refers to the abyss. The dragon in the deep valley was moved to dance.
Cry for the widow in the lonely boat: let the widow in the lonely boat cry sadly. Li: A woman who lives alone, here refers to a widow.
Yan (qi ? o qi ? o) Ran: The way of color change.
Sit in danger: pack your clothes and sit in danger and say seriously: sit up.
What is this? Why is the song so sad?
There are few stars in the bright moon, and birds fly south: it is a poem in Cao Cao's Short Songs.
Miao: It is wrapped with "dazzling".
Melancholy: Dense trees, a lush green appearance. Y: It's lush.
Zhú lú Zhulu: Warships are connected back and forth. This refers to warships.
Wine: pour wine.
Shu: Hold the spear horizontally.
Friends of fish, shrimp and elk: take fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends. Companion: Take ... as your partner. This is the intentional use of nouns. Elk: A kind of deer.
Piān boat: a small boat.
Send: accommodation.
Mayfly (fú) Mayfly: An insect, born near the water at the turn of summer and autumn, has a short life span of only a few hours. This sentence is a metaphor for the brevity of life.
Nine Niu Yi hairs: small. The sea: the sea. This sentence means that human beings are extremely small between heaven and earth.
A moment: a moment, a short time.
Nagano: As for forever.
Suddenly: several times.
Yi Tuo rings in Hengtai: The lingering sound refers to the flute. Hengtai: Autumn wind.
The deceased is like a husband: The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han; Confucius, Sichuan: The deceased is like a husband, and he doesn't give up day and night. ""Death: I'm leaving. This means water.
The surplus and deficiency are as follows: refers to the round and short of the moon.
Pawn: finally. Fluctuation: increase or decrease. Length: growth
Then heaven and earth can't use a moment: modal adverbs. To: use. Blink: The blink of an eye.
Is the creator's endless hidden: this. Creator: heaven and earth are natural. Zàng: Buddhist language. Refers to an endless treasure.
Eating together: sharing. Su Shi's "Red Cliff Fu" is about "sharing food", which is more synonymous with "vulgarity" after the Ming Dynasty.
More measured: drink again.
Dishes and stones are all used up: meat dishes and fruits. It's already started.
Chaos: writing is "chaotic" again, and the battle is chaotic.
Pillows: pillow each other.
White: It's already white.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem leads to the description of the dialogue between subject and object through boating and drinking poems on a moonlit night. It not only expresses the feelings of mourning the past and hurting the present from the guest's mouth, but also hears the unwavering feelings from the words of Perilla. The whole poem is full of profound feelings, which is really a masterpiece in literary prose.
The first paragraph, write a night tour in Chibi. The author "boated on the Red Cliff" plunged into the embrace of nature, enjoying the beautiful scenery of breeze, dew, mountains, running water, moonlight and skylight, and reciting the first chapter of the Book of Songs, "When the moon shines in the sky, harmony between people is precious." Shu Yao corrected it, and he was very sad. "Compare the bright moon to a beautiful woman with a good figure, and expect her Ran Ran Ran Ran to rise. In response to the poem "The Moon is Out", "Xiaoyan, the moon rises from Dongshan and lingers between bullfights. And leads to the following song "Looking at Beauty and Love Heaven" written by the author, which is consistent in emotion and style. The word "wandering" vividly describes that the soft moonlight seems to be extremely attached and affectionate to tourists. In the bright moonlight, white fog covers the river, and the sky and water are connected as one. This is the so-called "autumn water grows together and the sky is the same color" (Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting). At this time, the tourists were open-minded and unrestrained, so they left the world in a small boat, drifting with the tide and leaving the world detached. The vast river and free and easy mind are vividly described by the author, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is a section in this article that positively describes "boating" and enjoying the scenery. Lyric with the scenery, the scenery is good.
In the second paragraph, the writer drinks and sings with joy and the guest's sad flute. The author is very happy to drink and sing to express his disappointment and frustration with "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the embodiment of the author's ideal and all the beautiful things. The song says: "Return to the blue oar, strike the sky and trace the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is one side. " This lyric all uses the meaning of "Chu Ci Shao Si Ming": "Looking forward to a beautiful future, singing magnificent songs in the breeze", which embodies the content of "reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing the graceful chapter" above. I can't see it because I want to be beautiful. I have expressed my frustration and sadness. In addition, according to his songs, Xiao's tone is quite sad and angry. In fact, it attracted the dragons hidden in the ravine to dance and made the widows in the lonely boat cry. A tune of "Dong Xiao" is sad and beautiful, and its sad tone is touching, which makes the author's feelings turn from joy to sadness, so the article is ups and downs.
In the third paragraph, write the guest's sigh about the brevity and impermanence of life. There is no natural scenery of Chibi in this section, but historical sites. The host asked "what is nature", and the guests answered with the historical relics of Chibi, and the arts and sciences turned to nature. But this article is not about Chen Qi, but raises two questions. First of all, according to Cao Cao's Short Songs, I asked, "Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde?" He also won the mountains and rivers ahead and asked, "Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang?" Two questions made this article sensational again. Then, it tells the story of Cao Cao breaking Jingzhou and forcing Liu Cong to surrender. At that time, the powerful Cao Jun descended from Jiangling along the river, with warships connected by thousands of miles and flags covering the sky. Cao is full of pride, cocky, drinking and writing poems at the bow, which can be described as "a hero in the world". Where is he now? Heroes like Cao Cao are only a temporary highlight, not to mention themselves, so now they can only sigh the shortness of life, envy the endless rivers, and hope to meet the gods and keep company with the bright moon. However, all these are unrealistic fantasies, which is why the flute is used to convey sadness and sadness. The guest's answer shows a nihilistic thought and a negative outlook on life, which is one aspect of Su Shi's revealing his thoughts through the guest's mouth.
In the fourth paragraph, Su Shi stated his views on the impermanence of guests' lives in order to understand the other side. This guest once "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and hoped to "embrace the bright moon and end the long time". Su Shi took the river and the bright moon as metaphors, and put forward that "the deceased is like a husband, but it has never happened;" The surplus and deficiency are like this, and the dead are not ebbing and flowing. If we look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is only a blink of an eye; If we look at it from the same angle, things and human beings are endless, so we don't have to envy rivers, bright moons and heaven and earth. Naturally, there is no need to "mourn for my life for a moment." This shows Su Shi's open-minded world outlook and outlook on life. He is in favor of looking at the problem from multiple angles instead of absolutizing it. Therefore, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptive mental state in adversity, and can get rid of the impermanence of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explained that everything between heaven and earth has its own owner, and individuals cannot force it. The breeze on the river can be heard, the bright moon in the mountains is colorful, the mountains are endless, the bright moon is eternal, the world is selfless, and music and entertainment are provided. The author can wander around and enjoy himself. This situation is due to Li Bai's "Xiangyang Song": "The breeze and bright moon don't need a dollar to buy, and Yushan is not pushed", and then it deepened.
In the fifth paragraph, after listening to the author's conversation, the author turned grief into joy and drank as much as he could. "I didn't know the east was white, because the pillow was on the boat." After reading the beginning, I wrote about the happiness of traveling and enjoying. As for forgetting the gains and losses, I am detached.
This poem has the following artistic features:
The integration of emotion, scenery and reason, whether lyrical or argumentative, never leaves the scenery on the river and the story of Chibi, forming the integration of emotion, scenery and reason. From beginning to end, the scenery runs through, with wind and moon as the main scenery, supplemented by mountains and water. The author describes and discusses the wind and the moon. The article is divided into three layers to express the author's complex and contradictory inner world: first, writing about boating on the river on a moonlit night, drinking and composing poems, so that people are immersed in the beautiful scenery and forget the secular happy mood; From mourning the rise and fall of historical figures, I feel that life is short and changeable, so I fall into the depression of reality; Finally, it expounds the philosophical thought of change and invariance, indicating that human beings and everything exist forever and show an optimistic attitude towards life. Scenery, lyricism and reasoning have all reached a harmonious level.
The genre form of "prose as fu" This paper not only retains the characteristics and charm of traditional poetry, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the shackles of the duality of sentence pattern and temperament, and more is the composition of prose, so that the article has both the profound charm of poetry and the concept of penetrating power of prose. The style of prose makes the whole article feel depressed and depressed. For example, "a thousand springs gush" is different from Fu's emphasis on duality, and it is relatively more free. For example, at the beginning of the paragraph, "Autumn is endless, looking ahead in July, perilla and all the guests are boating under the red cliff", all of which are scattered sentences, and there is a sense of arrangement in the jagged sparse. From the following to the end of the article, most of them rhyme, but the rhyme changes quickly, and the rhyme changes often in a paragraph, which makes this article especially suitable for reading, and it is very beautiful in rhyme, which embodies the advantages of rhyme.
The image is coherent and the structure is rigorous. The coherence of scenery not only makes the whole article look like a whole in structure, but also communicates the emotional context and ups and downs of the whole article. Writing the scenery at the beginning is the manifestation of the author's broad-minded optimism; "Singing while grabbing the boat" is born out of the scenery of "emptiness" and "streamer", and the transition from "happiness" to "sadness"; The guest is worried about the wind and moon, and his mood turns into low and negative; Finally, the discussion on the variation of all things and the philosophy of life is drawn from the bright moon and cool breeze, thus dispelling the sadness in my heart. The repeated penetration of the scenery will not give people the feeling of repeated procrastination. On the contrary, it reproduces the changing process of the author's ambivalence while expressing the ups and downs of the characters, and finally achieves the perfect unity of poetic and argumentative.
Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi (1037-1101) was a writer, painter and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zi Zi Zhan,no. Dongpo lay man. Han nationality, a Sichuanese, was buried in Yingchang (now jia county, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province). I have a bumpy career, profound knowledge, extremely high talent and excellent poetry, painting and calligraphy. Wang Yang in his works is unrestrained and fluent, and he is also called Ou Su with Ouyang Xiu, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Poetry is fresh and lively, good at using exaggeration and metaphor, and unique in artistic expression. Together with Huang Tingjian, they are called Su Huang. The uninhibited school has a great influence on later generations, and it is also called Su Xin with Xin Qiji. Calligraphy is good at running script and regular script, and can create new ideas. The pen is full of ups and downs, full of childlike interest. And Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called Song Sijia. Painting is the same as literature. In painting, it advocates spirit likeness and "literati painting". He is the author of The Complete Works of Su Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu.