money

During the Jin-Tai-Yuan period, Wu Lingren took fishing as his occupation. Walk along the stream and forget the distance. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest and grabbed the shore for hundreds of steps. There are no miscellaneous trees in it. Grass is delicious and English is colorful, which makes fishermen very different. If you go any further, you will want to be poor.

If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo, and the traffic in the building is busy. Among them, men and women dress like strangers; The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself.

Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done. Answer it. You have to go home and set up wine to kill chickens for dinner. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Since Master Yun avoided the chaos of Qin Dynasty, he led his wife to this desperate situation and never came back. So I separated from outsiders. You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This man speaks every word with a sigh. The others went home, eating and drinking. Stop for a few days and resign. There is a saying in China: "The humanity of outsiders is not satisfactory!"

Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere. And the county, Yi Taishou said so. The satrap means to send someone with him to find what he wants, get lost, get lost.

Nanyang Liu Ziji, when he was noble, heard about it, gladly planned to go, failed, and finally found the disease. Nobody took care of it after that.

[Introduction to the author]

Tao Yuanming (365-427) was a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Cheerful personality, once renamed Qian, Xunyang Chai Sang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi).

Tao Yuanming is a famous pastoral poet in the history of China literature. He lost his father when he was young, and his family came down. Due to social unrest, he never became an official in his early years. Later, forced by poverty, he worked as a state wine sacrifice, joined the army, county magistrate and other small officials. During his time as an official, the treacherous officialdom made him realize the darkness of social reality, and finally he abandoned his official position and returned to the field.

Influenced by the trend of thought and ethos of the times, Tao Yuanming loved nature in his early years, so after his political ideal was shattered, he chose the road of staying in the countryside. After retiring, Tao Yuanming personally took part in labor, made extensive contact with the lower class, and at the same time became more passionate about nature. On this basis, he wrote a lot of poems praising the rural scenery and simple working life in rural areas. Because he was the pioneer of pastoral poetry, later people called him "pastoral poet".

The most prominent feature of Tao Yuanming's poems is the unity of simplicity and nature and profound and mellow beauty. His pastoral poems describe simple rural scenery and daily rural life, reflecting his quiet mood and interest after retirement. In the way of expression, these poems mostly use line drawing, and the language is simple and natural, which is rare and gorgeous, but this does not mean that it is dull and tasteless. Tao Yuanming's love for life and nature is contained in the plain description of landscape pastoral poems, which shows his beautiful personality and lofty ideals. At the same time, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are rich in artistic conception, and the selected scenery is distinctive, full of poet's feelings, reflecting the poet's personality characteristics.

Tao poetry is also good at integrating profound philosophy into the images of poetry, so that ordinary materials show extraordinary artistic conception, which is very harmonious and often fascinating. These artistic features have been highlighted in five representative works "Return to the Garden". The language in the poem is simple and natural, and the expression is subtle and euphemistic, which is called "the pearl in Tao poetry".

Although Tao Yuanming lives in the countryside, he still has not forgotten the reality, nor is he depressed and decadent. This persistent spirit is embodied in his own pursuit, which forms another style of Tao poetry: the bold and broad-minded "King Kong glaring", such as "Ode to Jing Ke" and other poems are impassioned, sad and magnificent.

Although living in the countryside, Tao Yuanming still can't escape from reality, and natural and man-made disasters and social unrest still plague him. The darkness and ugliness of reality, the pain and hardship experienced by oneself, and the desolation and desolation of the countryside have aroused the poet's deep thought. He can't find a way out in the real world, but hopes to have an ideal society of Peach Blossom Garden without oppression, equality for all and self-reliance. Based on his yearning for a happy and stable life, Tao Yuanming wrote Peach Blossom Garden and Poem of Returning Home, which are simple and natural, sincere in feelings and profound in meaning, and praised by later generations. Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Song Dynasty, said, "Jin has no articles, but Tao Yuanming's Return to Xi." Tao Yuanming had a far-reaching influence on the development of China literature in later generations.

[Notes]

Taiyuan: the title of Emperor Xiaowu (376-396) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Wuling: County name, now Changde, Hunan.

Make a living by.

Edge: along.

Sandwich: Sandwich the two sides of the stream.

Miscellaneous: something else.

Falling Flowers English: Falling Flowers.

Colorful: various appearances.

Delicious: bright and beautiful.

Different: surprised.

Poverty: exhaustion.

Water and forest are exhausted: the peach forest ends at the stream source.

As if: vague and unreal.

Give it up, give it up.

Only one person can pass: only one person can pass.

Suddenly enlightened: describes the sudden change from narrow darkness to wide and bright.

Flat and spacious: flat and spacious.

Like: a neat appearance.

Genus: class.

Traffic in architecture: fields and paths are intertwined, and architecture: fields and paths.

Wen Xiang: You can hear each other's voices.

Note: All.

Outsider: People other than Taohuayuan.

Yellow hair: refers to the elderly and children.

Enjoy yourself: happy and satisfied.

Where are you from?

Q: Invitation.

Salty: Both.

Asking: Asking for information.

Ancestor: Ancestor.

Wife: wife and children.

Yi people: people from the same county.

Despair: an isolated place.

Never come back: never go out from here again.

Interval: cut off contact.

Whatever: forget it.

There is a saying: be more specific.

Sigh: Sigh and surprise.

Sigh: Surprise. Surprise.

All: all.

Y: please.

Insufficient: not worth it.

Help the road: just follow the old road (back).

Aaron: Aaron.

Item: old, old.

And under the county: to the county.

It's already started.

Make a mark.

Find what you want: look for the marks you made before.

Sui: Finally.

Nanyang: County name, now Nanyang, Henan.

Regulation: plan.

Unsuccessful: Not implemented.

Search: Right away, soon.

Explore: to look for, explore.

Tianjin: Ferry.

[translation]

In the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a Wuling man who took fishing as his profession. One day, he rowed along a stream and forgot the distance of the road. Suddenly I came across a peach blossom forest with hundreds of steps on both sides of the stream. There are no other trees, the grass on the ground is fresh and beautiful, and there are falling peach petals everywhere. The fisherman was very surprised. Go on, want to walk through this peach blossom forest.

The end of the peach blossom forest is the birthplace of the stream. When you go there, you will find a mountain. There is a small hole in the mountain, which seems to have light; The fisherman left the boat and got in through the hole. When I first entered, the hole was very narrow and only one person could pass through. I took dozens of steps forward, and suddenly I was suddenly enlightened. Inside, the land is flat and open, the houses are arranged neatly, there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and mulberry trees and bamboo. The roads in the field are intertwined, and you can hear the crowing of chickens and dogs. People in the Peach Blossom Garden communicate, farm and work, and men and women wear the same clothes as people outside. Suitable for all ages, happy.

They were surprised when they saw the fisherman. Asked where he came from, the fishermen all answered. They invited fishermen to their homes, prepared wine to kill chickens, and treated them warmly. When the villagers heard that there was such a person, they all came to inquire about the outside world. They said that their ancestors came to this isolated place with their wives, children and fellow villagers to escape the war in the Qin Dynasty, and never went out again. So I was cut off from the outside world. I asked the fishermen which dynasty they belonged to, but they didn't know there was a Han dynasty, let alone a Wei dynasty and a A Jin dynasty. The fisherman described in detail what he knew, and they all lamented. Others also invited fishermen to their homes and served them wine and food. After living for a few days, the fisherman wanted to leave and go back. People in the Peach Blossom Garden said to him, "You don't have to tell outsiders about things here."

After the fisherman came out, he found his boat and went back along the old road, marking everywhere. When I got to the county, I went to see the satrap and told him how I got into the Peach Blossom Garden. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow the fisherman to find the mark he had made before, but he got lost and couldn't find the original road.

Liu Ziji, a noble hermit, was glad to plan a visit after hearing the news. But it didn't happen, and soon he fell ill and died. I can't find anyone anymore.

[Appreciation]

China's classical poetry attaches great importance to the creation of artistic conception. The artistic conception created by Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden is an idealized rural life under the small-scale peasant economy. Peach Blossom Garden not only envisages an ideal social environment, but also creates a fascinating ecological environment. Outside the mountain is a small stream that can fish, and there are nearly one kilometer of peach blossom forests on both sides. "Hundreds of steps along the coast, no miscellaneous trees in it. The grass is delicious and the English is very colorful. " In the mountain, "the land is flat and spacious, and the houses are like this. There are fertile fields, beautiful pools, mulberry and bamboo." The traffic is busy, and the chickens and dogs hear each other. "The yellow hair is drooping, and I enjoy myself." Please see: there are crops, mulberry fields, bamboo forests, fish and shrimp and other aquatic products in the pool; Cocks crow and dogs crow, and everything is jubilant; The old man and the children are very happy.

The quiet and beautiful life scene that we can see everywhere in Taohuayuan is different from the poem "Returning to the Garden" described by the poet, "The village is far away, and the Yiyi market is filled with smoke. How similar the scenery and atmosphere are in the deep alley where mulberry trees crow and dogs crow! How consistent with what the poet wrote in the poem "Migration": "Farming returns to hometown, leisure needs to be homesick, lovesickness wears clothes, and there is no end to talking and laughing"! But the Peach Blossom Garden is better and more ideal than the pastoral life written by the author in his pastoral poems. People in the Peach Blossom Garden not only lived a happy life, but also "were ignorant of Han people, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties", without the rule of feudal monarchs and the turmoil and disasters in real life at that time. As Wang Anshi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in the poem "Peach Blossom Spring", people in Peach Blossom Spring live a life of "although there are fathers and sons, there are no princes and ministers". It can be said that it is not only the author's beautiful imagination based on his social ideal, but also represents the broad masses' yearning for a peaceful society in that turbulent era. For example, write the paragraph when Wuling fisherman first arrived in Taoyuan: "Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest, and there were hundreds of steps on the shore, and there were no miscellaneous trees in it. The grass is delicious and the English is very colorful. " Write the scenery in the Peach Blossom Garden: "The land is flat and spacious, and the houses are nothing more than that. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and mulberry trees here. Bustling traffic, chickens and dogs hear each other. " Tao Yuanming pinned his progressive ideal on the Taohuayuan society, thus depicting such a vivid and beautiful rural life realm. Readers of all ages loved the pastoral life of Taohuayuan, because he created the style of pastoral poetry, and the story of Taohuayuan naturally became a hymn of pastoral life.

Where is the real "Peach Blossom Garden"?

After this "Peach Blossom Spring" was written, it can be said that one question that people have been paying attention to is where the "Peach Blossom Spring" is. Especially in the current tourism boom, this "Peach Blossom Garden" really exists as a very valuable tourism resource. People pay more attention to it and hope to take it seriously. In my opinion, when Tao Yuanming wrote the Peach Blossom Garden, there were actually three factors at work: one was his personal rural life, and there were many similar ways in the rural life he described, such as "a poor lane is separated by a deep road, which means being isolated from the world". What's life like in a small isolated world? Then his descriptions, such as the relationship between people around him and nature, are all related to the spirit of Taohuayuan. If he didn't have this real pastoral life, he couldn't write Peach Blossom Garden, which is the first aspect. The second aspect is the ideological and cultural tradition. Peach Blossom Garden tells an ideal world-a paradise, an ideal world. Then, before Tao Yuanming, thinkers had different descriptions of the ideal world in those classic texts. For example, The Book of Rites, The Book of Rites and The Book of Rites all mentioned this "great harmony", and we all know that "great harmony is a well-off society". The description of the world in Datong Book is similar to that in Peach Blossom Garden in many places. In other words, the great harmony between people does not depend on a system or a kind of power, but a kind of natural affinity, and man and nature are also a kind of relative affinity. Such an ideal state has a spiritual blood relationship with Taohuayuan. For example, in Laozi, Laozi described that "the voices of chickens and dogs are familiar, and the old and the dead are not in contact", which is also about such a small country and few people. I think it has something to do with Peach Blossom Garden. Therefore, this kind of ideological blood provides him with the gene of thought and provides him with a kind of nourishment of thought, which should not be ignored. But there is another aspect. Why don't others write about Peach Blossom Garden? Why did Tao Yuanming write? It is also related to his special era and the special environment of his life. For example, this Liu Ziji mentioned in Peach Blossom Spring has other records about him in reality. Said he found something in the deep mountain canyon, and he found something related to immortals; There is another factor, that is to say, some people set up a fortress-like thing in a ravine or valley to make a living and live a semi-isolated life in it. I think these social realities, as well as some legends generated by social realities, have an influence on Tao Yuanming. These three factors, himself, rural life, this yearning for life, this ideological and cultural tradition and blood ties, and these things in reality at that time, were combined together, and after his subjective artistic processing, there was the Peach Blossom Spring.

This "Peach Blossom Garden", I think if it is said, where is it? It is in Tao Yuanming's heart, in his spirit. And this kind of mind and spirit, through the mixed fermentation of many factors, finally brewed such a glass of wine, which is a kind of nectar in people's spiritual desert and a comfort to people's hearts. I have traveled all over the world in recent years, and I have seen at least three of my own slanderers related to The Peach Blossom Garden, some in Hunan and even in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Of course, we can understand. It doesn't matter. But the real value of Peach Blossom Spring lies in that it was originally a glass of wine brewed by Tao Yuanming's mind, and today it should also be a spiritual and spiritual sustenance for us.