Europe * * * has 44 countries and regions, which are customarily divided into five regions: Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Central Europe and Western Europe.

1. Northern Europe: Finland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark and Faroe Islands;

2. Eastern Europe: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and Moldova;

3. Central Europe: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein? ;

4. Western Europe: Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Monaco;

5. Southern Europe: Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania, Greece, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina? ; Italy, Vatican, San Marino, Malta, Spain, Portugal, Andorra.

famous cities include London, Berlin, Paris, Brussels, Vienna, Amsterdam, Geneva, etc.

1. Country

1. United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, referred to as "Britain" or "United Kingdom" for short.

The British Isles, which are located in the northwest of the European continent, are surrounded by the North Sea, the English Channel, celtic sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Britain is a western European island country consisting of England, Wales and Scotland on the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland in the northeast of Ireland and a series of affiliated islands.

in addition to the mainland, it also has 14 overseas territories with a total population of over 65 million, among which the English (Anglo-Saxons) are the main ethnic groups, accounting for 83.9% of the total population in China.

2. France

France * * * and the People's Republic of China (French: République fran? Aise (English: French Republic), referred to as "France", is a semi-presidential * * republic country located in western Europe, and its overseas territory includes some areas in South America and the South Pacific.

France is the third largest country in Europe and the largest country in Western Europe. It borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland and Italy in the east and Spain, Andorra and Monaco in the south.

The local terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and it is roughly hexagonal. It faces the water on three sides, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and Britain across the English Channel in the northwest. Corsica is the largest island in France.

3. Germany

The German Federal Republic of Germany (German: die Bundesrepublik Deutschland), referred to as Germany (referred to as West Germany or Federal Republic of Germany before the reunification of Germany), is a federal parliamentary republic in Central Europe, bordering Denmark in the north and the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France in the west.

Switzerland and Austria are in the south, and the Czech Republic and Poland are in the east. The country consists of 16 federal states, with Berlin as the capital, with a territory area of 357,167 square kilometers, with a temperate climate and a population of about 82.67 million. It is the most populous country in the European Union, with Germans as the main ethnic group.

4. Spain

The Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espa? a； English: The Kingdom of Spain, for short, is located in Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe, at the junction of Europe and Africa, bordering Portugal in the west, the Bay of Biscay in the north, France and Andorra in the northeast, and Morocco in Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar in the south.

The territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic and Ceuta and Melilla in Africa. The country is a mountainous country with a total area of 55,925 square kilometers and its coastline is about 7,8 kilometers long. The number of countries that use Spanish as their official language is the second in the world, second only to English.

In the Middle Ages, many countries coexisted in the territory. After the victory of the recovery movement of Spain in 1492, a unified Spanish dynasty was established. And played an important role in the era of great navigation, and established a large number of colonies in Europe, America, Asia and Africa.

In p>1494, treaty of tordesillas was signed with Portuguese * * *, with the intention of dividing the world into two parts. From the mid-15th century to the end of 16th century, it became the most powerful country in Europe during the Renaissance and an empire that never sets.

in p>1588, the Armada was defeated by Britain and began to decline. After two republics and a monarchy, the constitutional monarchy was declared in 1978.

Spain is a highly developed capitalist country, a member of the European Union and NATO, and the fifth largest economy in the euro zone, with the gross domestic product (GDP) ranking sixth in European countries and 13th in the world.

5. Poland

Poland * * * Republic (in Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska, English: The Republic Of Poland), referred to as Poland, is a democratic * * * republic country located in Central Europe and composed of 16 provinces.

it borders Ukraine and Belarus in the east, Lithuania and Kaliningrad in Russia in the northeast, Germany in the west, Czechoslovakia in the south and the Baltic Sea in the north.

Poland established the Kingdom of Poland at the end of the 1th century. In 1569, it merged with Lithuania to form the Polish Lithuanian Federation, which became one of the European powers. After that, its national strength declined, and it was conquered by Russia and Austria in three times. During the Napoleonic Wars, with the support of the French, the country was restored briefly and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw was established. After the defeat of Napoléon Bonaparte, it was divided up by Opus again.

After World War I, it regained its independence and established the bourgeois Republic, but it was soon divided by the Soviet Union and Germany in World War II. After the war, it established the Polish people's Republic, and in 198, a solidarity trade union strike broke out. In 1989, it implemented the presidential and parliamentary system, renamed Poland Republic in the same year, and later joined the European Union and NATO.

In recent years, Poland's position in the European Union and the international arena has been increasing day by day. Since its independence was restored on November 11th, 1918, Poland has become an indispensable part of the western camp after 9 years of rapid development, especially in the early years of the 21st century.

2. Famous European cities

1, Brussels

Brussels is the capital and largest city of Belgium, the seat of the main administrative organs of the European Union (EU), the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and is known as the capital of Europe. In addition, it is also the host city for daily meetings of more than 2 international administrative centers and more than 1, official organizations.

Brussels is located on the Seine River, with a flat Flanders Plain in the north and a slightly undulating Brabant terrace in the south, with an average elevation of 58 meters.

Uptown is built on a slope, and it is an administrative district. The main places of interest are the Royal Palace, the Royal Plaza, the Egmont Palace, the National Palace, the Royal Library and the Museum of Modern and Ancient Art in Louis XVI style. Downtown is a bustling commercial center. There are many medieval Gothic buildings around the "Grand Square" in the city center, among which the city hall is more spectacular.

Brussels has the most exquisite buildings, museums and skyscrapers in Europe, which complement the medieval buildings. The whole city is built along the "small ring" with the palace as the center, and walking is the best way to visit.

Brussels is a bilingual city, where French and Dutch are commonly used, and French users account for a large proportion. In addition, languages such as Turkish and Arabic are also widely used by Muslims in Brussels.

2. Geneva

Geneva, located in the southwest corner of Lake Geneva, is the second largest city in the Swiss Confederation and a world-famous United Nations city. The grand fountain on the lake is the symbol of Geneva, which is attractive in all seasons, and is also an international city where international institutions gather.

Geneva is famous for its profound humanitarian tradition, colorful cultural activities, major conferences and exhibitions, mouth-watering food, fresh suburban scenery and numerous sightseeing projects and sports facilities. Geneva is also the clock capital of the world, and the clock industry and banking industry have become the two economic pillars of Geneva.

As a world-famous international city, Geneva was the headquarters of the League of Nations between the two world wars.

Geneva's high reputation in the world mainly benefits from these international organizations or offices, including the headquarters of the Red Cross, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Office at Geneva. In 216, Geneva ranked second in the world as the best city to live in.

3. Amsterdam

Amsterdam, the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, has a population of about 1.1 million. Located in the western province of North Holland, it is a world-famous international metropolis. Its name comes from Amstel dam, which shows the origin of the city: a dam on the Amstel River, which is now the site of Dam Square.

according to the 217 urban safety survey report, Amsterdam was rated as the safest city in Europe.

a small fishing village was built here in the late 12th century, and due to the development of trade, Amsterdam became an important port in the world in the golden age of Holland. At that time, the city was the center of finance and diamonds.

in the 19th and 2th centuries, the city expanded and many new neighborhoods and suburban residential areas were formed. It is now the fourth largest airport in Europe (the top three are London, Paris and Frankfurt respectively).

Amsterdam has many tourist attractions, including the historic system of canals, the National Museum of the Netherlands, the Van Gogh Museum, Anne's House, the red light district and many marijuana cafes. About 4.2 million tourists come here for sightseeing every year.

As the largest city in the Netherlands at present, Amsterdam has experienced the development process from fishing village to metropolis, glory and destruction, and the baptism of world war. To some extent, its history is also a microcosm of Dutch history.

4. London

London, the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is also one of the largest financial centers in the world, and is also called "Port of Newland" with new york and Hongkong. ?

London is located on the plain in the southeast of England, and the Thames runs through it. The coordinates of the city center are 51 3 ′ north latitude and .1 5 ′ east longitude. As of 216, the Greater London Metropolitan Area covers an area of 1,577 square kilometers and has a population of about 8.28 million. In 216, the GDP of London has reached 553.5 billion US dollars.

London is the political, economic, cultural and financial center of Britain and a world-famous tourist attraction, with numerous scenic spots and museums.

London is a diversified metropolis with residents from all over the world. It is a melting pot of race, religion and culture, and it uses more than 3 languages. It is a model of globalization.

5. Berlin

Berlin, located in the northeast of Germany, is the capital and largest city of Germany and the political, cultural, transportation and economic center of Germany, with a population of about 3.5 million (216).

Berlin is surrounded by Brandenburg on all sides, and the rivers of spree river and Havell pass through the city. The coordinate of the city center is 52 31 ′ and the east longitude is 13 2 ′. Berlin is one of the sixteen federal states in Germany, and it is the only three city states in Germany together with Hamburg and Bremen. In 216, Berlin's regional GDP reached 268.9 billion US dollars.

After World War II, the city was divided into two regions, and East Berlin became the capital of East Germany, while West Berlin actually became an enclave of West Germany in East Germany, surrounded by the Berlin Wall. Until the reunification of Germany in 199, the city regained its status as the capital of Germany and hosted 147 foreign embassies.

Baidu encyclopedia-Europe